Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Photo of Brian Spears, Counselor, PCC, LICDC, MA
Brian Spears
Counselor, PCC, LICDC, MA
5 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45236
I offer a professional approach for couples, families and individuals looking for lasting results. I have specialized training in marriage therapy, solution focused brief therapy and motivational methods. I specialize in relationship difficulties in general, and issues related to infidelity. I provide mental health counseling from a faith-based perspective for a variety of issues, marriage and relationship counseling, helping individuals discover lasting freedom from addiction and recovery from trauma and abuse. I am a licensed chemical dependency counselor. I work with individuals and couples as they navigate the process of recovery from chemical addictions and substance use disorders.
I offer a professional approach for couples, families and individuals looking for lasting results. I have specialized training in marriage therapy, solution focused brief therapy and motivational methods. I specialize in relationship difficulties in general, and issues related to infidelity. I provide mental health counseling from a faith-based perspective for a variety of issues, marriage and relationship counseling, helping individuals discover lasting freedom from addiction and recovery from trauma and abuse. I am a licensed chemical dependency counselor. I work with individuals and couples as they navigate the process of recovery from chemical addictions and substance use disorders.
(513) 572-2696 View (513) 572-2696
Photo of Emily Stoll, Licensed Professional Counselor, M,Ed, LPC, LICDC
Emily Stoll
Licensed Professional Counselor, M,Ed, LPC, LICDC
Online Only
I know what it means to fight for your life when it doesn’t look anything like what you imagined. I didn’t just study healing…I lived it. I became a therapist after realizing that I was really good at helping people through hard stuff-probably because I’ve lived a lot of it myself. That’s why I bring a mix of real life experience, clinical skill, and a sense of humor into the therapy space.
I know what it means to fight for your life when it doesn’t look anything like what you imagined. I didn’t just study healing…I lived it. I became a therapist after realizing that I was really good at helping people through hard stuff-probably because I’ve lived a lot of it myself. That’s why I bring a mix of real life experience, clinical skill, and a sense of humor into the therapy space.
(513) 998-7931 View (513) 998-7931
Photo of Miska Prater, Psychologist, PsyD
Miska Prater
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My focus areas include anxiety, depression, life transitions, racial identity, and LGBTQ+ issues. Additionally, I am trained in trauma, assessment, and working with juveniles with sexually offending behaviors.
My focus areas include anxiety, depression, life transitions, racial identity, and LGBTQ+ issues. Additionally, I am trained in trauma, assessment, and working with juveniles with sexually offending behaviors.
(513) 640-9892 View (513) 640-9892
Photo of Joseph Oakwood - Auburn Counseling, LPCC-S
Auburn Counseling
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45219
At Auburn Counseling, we believe therapy thrives when it’s a collaborative effort. Whatever you may be experiencing, our mission is to meet you where you are and support you in reaching where you want to go. Most folks come to us because they feel stuck, confused or lost. They might know what they want but are unsure how to get there. This is where we come in! We believe that you are the expert of your story. We would be honored to help you write the next chapter.
At Auburn Counseling, we believe therapy thrives when it’s a collaborative effort. Whatever you may be experiencing, our mission is to meet you where you are and support you in reaching where you want to go. Most folks come to us because they feel stuck, confused or lost. They might know what they want but are unsure how to get there. This is where we come in! We believe that you are the expert of your story. We would be honored to help you write the next chapter.
(513) 966-5450 View (513) 966-5450
Photo of Jennifer Hazelwood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Jennifer Hazelwood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45244
Parenting is hard and doesn't come with an instruction book. As a therapist specially trained to work with children and families, I help parents whose children are struggling with behavioral and emotional concerns such as anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, peer and school difficulties and adjustment issues. I can help you understand and manage your child's behavior, explore ways to feel more emotionally connected with them, and improve your relationship. Let me help you connect with your child so that you can build and strengthen your relationship and work through any challenges they might be facing.
Parenting is hard and doesn't come with an instruction book. As a therapist specially trained to work with children and families, I help parents whose children are struggling with behavioral and emotional concerns such as anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, abuse, peer and school difficulties and adjustment issues. I can help you understand and manage your child's behavior, explore ways to feel more emotionally connected with them, and improve your relationship. Let me help you connect with your child so that you can build and strengthen your relationship and work through any challenges they might be facing.
(513) 855-8310 View (513) 855-8310
Photo of Cali Fuller, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Cali Fuller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Currently accepting clients by referral only. At times, life’s stressors and struggles with mental health can impact how strong one feels their voice can be. I believe individuals of all ages have a strong voice. I have found that by offering a therapeutic space where this voice is acknowledged, accepted, and cared for, the individual and family unit will find their own space for positive growth and change. While I specialize in work with children and adolescents, you will be welcomed, supported, and honored no matter your age or stage of life.
Currently accepting clients by referral only. At times, life’s stressors and struggles with mental health can impact how strong one feels their voice can be. I believe individuals of all ages have a strong voice. I have found that by offering a therapeutic space where this voice is acknowledged, accepted, and cared for, the individual and family unit will find their own space for positive growth and change. While I specialize in work with children and adolescents, you will be welcomed, supported, and honored no matter your age or stage of life.
(513) 854-6397 View (513) 854-6397
Photo of Ryan Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCSW
Ryan Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCSW
Cincinnati, OH 45211
As a therapist, my goal is to help you answer the "why can't I..." questions. "Why can't I seem to get a handle on my anxiety or depression?", "why can't I seem to get out of these cycles of relationships, jobs, friendships?", "why can't I seem to get rid of these negative thoughts?". A lot of times these questions can feel like running in circles. But what if it wasn't a circle, but a labyrinth where you hit a few dead ends and need some help getting back on track? If those questions keep you up at night, my aim is to create a supportive and engaging space where we can explore these together.
As a therapist, my goal is to help you answer the "why can't I..." questions. "Why can't I seem to get a handle on my anxiety or depression?", "why can't I seem to get out of these cycles of relationships, jobs, friendships?", "why can't I seem to get rid of these negative thoughts?". A lot of times these questions can feel like running in circles. But what if it wasn't a circle, but a labyrinth where you hit a few dead ends and need some help getting back on track? If those questions keep you up at night, my aim is to create a supportive and engaging space where we can explore these together.
(513) 643-1583 View (513) 643-1583
Photo of Marisa Ellis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Marisa Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Hi there and welcome! If you have been feeling constantly on edge, overachieving, people-pleasing, staying quiet, needing to be "perfect" or on guard just to get through the day, you are not alone. These patterns can come from overwhelming or painful experiences, even if you don’t call them trauma. You might feel disconnected, stuck in survival mode, or unsure why things feel so hard. What you want is relief, understanding, and a sense of safety. Therapy can be a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been through, and heal in a way that feels safe and empowering as you build greater resilience, self-trust, and confidence.
Hi there and welcome! If you have been feeling constantly on edge, overachieving, people-pleasing, staying quiet, needing to be "perfect" or on guard just to get through the day, you are not alone. These patterns can come from overwhelming or painful experiences, even if you don’t call them trauma. You might feel disconnected, stuck in survival mode, or unsure why things feel so hard. What you want is relief, understanding, and a sense of safety. Therapy can be a space to slow down, make sense of what you’ve been through, and heal in a way that feels safe and empowering as you build greater resilience, self-trust, and confidence.
(513) 902-3256 View (513) 902-3256
Photo of Tracy McClorey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW
Tracy McClorey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, MSW
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is about the process of change: Your change. Whether you wish to manage a life challenge; improve your mental health; heal from trauma; or address addictive behaviors, my role is to assist you in your journey. Importantly, we establish a therapeutic relationship, which is one that you feel safe and thus able to open up about your concerns, inner experiences, and life situations. We will engage in treatment goal setting, guided by the problems and concerns you have, as well as your aspirations for change and growth.
Therapy is about the process of change: Your change. Whether you wish to manage a life challenge; improve your mental health; heal from trauma; or address addictive behaviors, my role is to assist you in your journey. Importantly, we establish a therapeutic relationship, which is one that you feel safe and thus able to open up about your concerns, inner experiences, and life situations. We will engage in treatment goal setting, guided by the problems and concerns you have, as well as your aspirations for change and growth.
(513) 685-4563 View (513) 685-4563
Photo of Kelli Knipper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Kelli Knipper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45226
Waitlist for new clients
Being treated with dignity is what you can expect from our therapeutic partnership as we work to help you overcome obstacles. I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you have the opportunity to be heard and validated. My practice includes many therapeutic methods which are tailored to meet your individual needs, mind, body and spirit.
Being treated with dignity is what you can expect from our therapeutic partnership as we work to help you overcome obstacles. I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where you have the opportunity to be heard and validated. My practice includes many therapeutic methods which are tailored to meet your individual needs, mind, body and spirit.
(513) 813-2429 View (513) 813-2429
Photo of Ben Dickstein, Psychologist, PhD
Ben Dickstein
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202
I help adults and adolescents in Cincinnati and across Ohio break free from anxiety, ADHD, trauma, and depression using evidence-based, compassionate care. If you're looking for the right therapeutic fit, I invite you to schedule a free consultation so that we can make introductions. I use the best, evidence-based treatments and believe that humor and self-disclosure serve important roles in therapy. I love to challenge my clients to push past their comfort zones and achieve their treatment goals.
I help adults and adolescents in Cincinnati and across Ohio break free from anxiety, ADHD, trauma, and depression using evidence-based, compassionate care. If you're looking for the right therapeutic fit, I invite you to schedule a free consultation so that we can make introductions. I use the best, evidence-based treatments and believe that humor and self-disclosure serve important roles in therapy. I love to challenge my clients to push past their comfort zones and achieve their treatment goals.
(513) 434-6929 View (513) 434-6929
Photo of Steven D Nichols, Psychologist, PhD
Steven D Nichols
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45208
To me, at the core of psychotherapy, is creating a working alliance with the client in a safe, perfection-free, and respectful environment. I help individuals better understand their internal emotional worlds, learn more about why they do the things they do, help them to decide for themselves what changes they would like to make in their lives, and give them guidance and support in how to do so.
To me, at the core of psychotherapy, is creating a working alliance with the client in a safe, perfection-free, and respectful environment. I help individuals better understand their internal emotional worlds, learn more about why they do the things they do, help them to decide for themselves what changes they would like to make in their lives, and give them guidance and support in how to do so.
(513) 312-2203 View (513) 312-2203
Photo of Gina Geiser, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LPCA, MS
Gina Geiser
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LPCA, MS
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45202
It’s a privilege to walk alongside my clients as they navigate their personal and relationship journeys. My approach to counseling is warm, empathetic, and straightforward. I offer a goal-oriented, safe, and productive space where you can feel supported while working toward meaningful insight and change. Together, we’ll explore the “how” and “why” behind your challenges, while identifying practical tools and strategies you can begin using right away to create positive change outside of session.
It’s a privilege to walk alongside my clients as they navigate their personal and relationship journeys. My approach to counseling is warm, empathetic, and straightforward. I offer a goal-oriented, safe, and productive space where you can feel supported while working toward meaningful insight and change. Together, we’ll explore the “how” and “why” behind your challenges, while identifying practical tools and strategies you can begin using right away to create positive change outside of session.
(513) 468-6377 View (513) 468-6377
Photo of Emily Bramwell Hunt - Living Your Best Life, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC
Living Your Best Life, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LICDC
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Perhaps you're down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to live. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions, I promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. I have the tools and professional experience to help you get back on track.
Perhaps you're down or anxious - maybe you're unsure about the future of a relationship, or just feel that you aren't living the life you were meant to live. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery, and in my sessions, I promote behavioral transformation by encouraging a positive outlook and the adoption of new attitudes and reactions. I have the tools and professional experience to help you get back on track.
(513) 657-2935 View (513) 657-2935
Photo of Sara Elizabeth Horst Parrish, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sara Elizabeth Horst Parrish
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
When we experience traumatic events, we don’t just leave them behind. A part of who we are can stay trapped in the moment they happened, causing us to take on destructive beliefs about ourselves and how we relate to others. The world becomes unsafe, trust can seem impossible, and no matter how hard we try we can end up feeling like someone will always be able to see through the mask we’ve carefully constructed. Having OCD alongside trauma can turn safety-seeking into your primary focus. OCD can latch onto traumatic experiences and replay unanswerable questions along with one’s biggest fears again and again.
When we experience traumatic events, we don’t just leave them behind. A part of who we are can stay trapped in the moment they happened, causing us to take on destructive beliefs about ourselves and how we relate to others. The world becomes unsafe, trust can seem impossible, and no matter how hard we try we can end up feeling like someone will always be able to see through the mask we’ve carefully constructed. Having OCD alongside trauma can turn safety-seeking into your primary focus. OCD can latch onto traumatic experiences and replay unanswerable questions along with one’s biggest fears again and again.
(513) 434-3526 View (513) 434-3526
Photo of Dr. Stephanie Merrilees, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , PhD, LPCC-S
Dr. Stephanie Merrilees
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor , PhD, LPCC-S
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Are you tired of just coping with symptoms that always seem to return? Have you found yourself saying, “maybe I’m just an anxious person”? Do you find yourself saying, I know this is true, but I still feel another way? I’m here to help you reclaim your identity and discover what a life worth living looks like for you! I believe in moving past managing symptoms and really understanding where these symptoms stem from. We do this by creating an eclectic counseling approach tailored to you, incorporating resources for temporary relief while digging into the root of these concerns to create real change.
Are you tired of just coping with symptoms that always seem to return? Have you found yourself saying, “maybe I’m just an anxious person”? Do you find yourself saying, I know this is true, but I still feel another way? I’m here to help you reclaim your identity and discover what a life worth living looks like for you! I believe in moving past managing symptoms and really understanding where these symptoms stem from. We do this by creating an eclectic counseling approach tailored to you, incorporating resources for temporary relief while digging into the root of these concerns to create real change.
(513) 463-5298 View (513) 463-5298
Photo of Karen Wocher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCDCIII
Karen Wocher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCDCIII
Online Only
Take a journey with positive support conquering life challenges with an experienced therapist of 20 yrs expertise working with adults in mental health & addictions. Together we will explore your unique situations for best possible outcomes. Gain therapeutic skills best suited for your enrichment in areas ie; stress management, panic attacks, depression, trauma, bereavement, couples difficulties, employment issues, life transitions, ADHD, anger management, mood swings, sleep difficulties, increased self-esteem, Lesbian hurdles, or substance abuse counseling care for a better life strengthening the individual/couple in their journey.
Take a journey with positive support conquering life challenges with an experienced therapist of 20 yrs expertise working with adults in mental health & addictions. Together we will explore your unique situations for best possible outcomes. Gain therapeutic skills best suited for your enrichment in areas ie; stress management, panic attacks, depression, trauma, bereavement, couples difficulties, employment issues, life transitions, ADHD, anger management, mood swings, sleep difficulties, increased self-esteem, Lesbian hurdles, or substance abuse counseling care for a better life strengthening the individual/couple in their journey.
(513) 572-1361 View (513) 572-1361
Photo of Dr. Butch Losey, Counselor, EdD, PCC-S
Dr. Butch Losey
Counselor, EdD, PCC-S
2 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45255
I work specifically with couples who have discovered infidelity. Couples are traumatized when infidelity is discovered and the clinician needs to help the couple implement immediate steps to prevent further damage to the relationship. Counselor strategies for infidelity are much different than what a traditional counselor would utilize. When couples set up an appointment with me, they will get in quickly, and experience a specific treatment approach for infidelity. I also help couples with creating intimate communication, conflict skills, creating emotional and sexual intimacy, and increasing love and affection.
I work specifically with couples who have discovered infidelity. Couples are traumatized when infidelity is discovered and the clinician needs to help the couple implement immediate steps to prevent further damage to the relationship. Counselor strategies for infidelity are much different than what a traditional counselor would utilize. When couples set up an appointment with me, they will get in quickly, and experience a specific treatment approach for infidelity. I also help couples with creating intimate communication, conflict skills, creating emotional and sexual intimacy, and increasing love and affection.
(513) 488-1712 View (513) 488-1712
Photo of Alejandra Weiss, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Alejandra Weiss
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45227
Let me walk with you; you are not alone. I specialize in treating individuals and couples, helping them reclaim their lives by attaining inner freedom and improving the quality of their relationships. Thriving relationships are foundational to a fulfilling life. With intentional care, our connections can become a source of comfort, understanding, and joy. I support couples facing challenges with communication, conflict management, intimacy, and trust, including those recovering from infidelity. In addition, I provide support to individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions.
Let me walk with you; you are not alone. I specialize in treating individuals and couples, helping them reclaim their lives by attaining inner freedom and improving the quality of their relationships. Thriving relationships are foundational to a fulfilling life. With intentional care, our connections can become a source of comfort, understanding, and joy. I support couples facing challenges with communication, conflict management, intimacy, and trust, including those recovering from infidelity. In addition, I provide support to individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions.
(513) 506-0635 View (513) 506-0635
Photo of Aaron Brewer, Counselor, LPCC-S, CSAT, CPTT, CMAT, DARTT
Aaron Brewer
Counselor, LPCC-S, CSAT, CPTT, CMAT, DARTT
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Aaron is generally easygoing but will not hesitate to confront and challenge his clients to help them achieve their goals. Sometimes, we must learn to face life how it is and not how we wish it to be. Usually, this allows for some effective change, creating a life that is more like we want it to be. His typical approach to treatment includes identifying the problem through interviews or assessments, pursuing a deeper and more robust understanding of those problems through reading or other homework, and then collaborating with the client to resolve the root issues through evidence-based interventions.
Aaron is generally easygoing but will not hesitate to confront and challenge his clients to help them achieve their goals. Sometimes, we must learn to face life how it is and not how we wish it to be. Usually, this allows for some effective change, creating a life that is more like we want it to be. His typical approach to treatment includes identifying the problem through interviews or assessments, pursuing a deeper and more robust understanding of those problems through reading or other homework, and then collaborating with the client to resolve the root issues through evidence-based interventions.
(513) 434-6080 View (513) 434-6080

See more therapy options for Cincinnati

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
87% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.