Counselling in Stadhampton

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Photo of Green Gables Therapy, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Green Gables Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Thame OX33
Do you want to feel happier? Do you suffer with anxiety, depression, feeling sad or low self esteem? Maybe you feel stuck and have lost yourself? Sometimes there is a specific reason and we know what is making us feel that way, other times it appears there is no reason at all. Counselling can help unpick whats going on, identify those thoughts and for it to feel less overwhelming in a safe and non judgmental way.
Do you want to feel happier? Do you suffer with anxiety, depression, feeling sad or low self esteem? Maybe you feel stuck and have lost yourself? Sometimes there is a specific reason and we know what is making us feel that way, other times it appears there is no reason at all. Counselling can help unpick whats going on, identify those thoughts and for it to feel less overwhelming in a safe and non judgmental way.
01296 327593 View 01296 327593
Photo of Alberto Congosto Nunez, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Alberto Congosto Nunez
Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Oxford OX2
There are times in life when some people may experience overwhelming feelings and behaviours that can persist even with the support of friends and loved ones. I'm a qualified accredited practitioner based in Oxford, UK. I have a solid track record of positive changes affirmed by my clients. I offer a consistent, competent and affordable service to all my clients regardless of their world views, cultural diversity and other factors. I help my clients resolve the challenges they may be dealing with or issues which are troubling them using a combined approach to therapy that best matches their characteristics and preferences.
There are times in life when some people may experience overwhelming feelings and behaviours that can persist even with the support of friends and loved ones. I'm a qualified accredited practitioner based in Oxford, UK. I have a solid track record of positive changes affirmed by my clients. I offer a consistent, competent and affordable service to all my clients regardless of their world views, cultural diversity and other factors. I help my clients resolve the challenges they may be dealing with or issues which are troubling them using a combined approach to therapy that best matches their characteristics and preferences.
01865 953384 View 01865 953384
Photo of Flora Winchester, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Flora Winchester
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Kidlington OX5
Hello, and thank you for reading my profile. Are you looking for long-term, in-depth, psychotherapy? Or do you have a particular issue you need to explore in counselling? Perhaps you're a qualified practitioner looking for a clinical supervisor. I could be that person for you, if we find we are a good fit. Whichever best describes you, my work is underpinned with an understanding of spirituality as a personal jorney into the nature of suffering. I think of spirituality as a pathway to self-development. Specifically, I work with mindfulness and Buddhist psychology to explore your current state of being, in mind, body and spirit.
Hello, and thank you for reading my profile. Are you looking for long-term, in-depth, psychotherapy? Or do you have a particular issue you need to explore in counselling? Perhaps you're a qualified practitioner looking for a clinical supervisor. I could be that person for you, if we find we are a good fit. Whichever best describes you, my work is underpinned with an understanding of spirituality as a personal jorney into the nature of suffering. I think of spirituality as a pathway to self-development. Specifically, I work with mindfulness and Buddhist psychology to explore your current state of being, in mind, body and spirit.
07480 773129 View 07480 773129
Photo of Daniel's Therapeutic Counselling, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Daniel's Therapeutic Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX1
You may have been troubled by something for a while and have tried talking to friends or family, but how you feel hasn’t changed. You may be kept awake by anxiety or stress but you can’t put your finger on what it is that is keeping you awake. Or in fact you do know what is troubling you but have never been able to talk about it. Major changes in your life may have created a loss within the person you once were. Perhaps you feel that you lack purpose and that everything is hopeless. We as humans are very good at pushing things down inside, locking them in a box and marking them DO NOT OPEN, but eventually the box breaks open.
You may have been troubled by something for a while and have tried talking to friends or family, but how you feel hasn’t changed. You may be kept awake by anxiety or stress but you can’t put your finger on what it is that is keeping you awake. Or in fact you do know what is troubling you but have never been able to talk about it. Major changes in your life may have created a loss within the person you once were. Perhaps you feel that you lack purpose and that everything is hopeless. We as humans are very good at pushing things down inside, locking them in a box and marking them DO NOT OPEN, but eventually the box breaks open.
01295 957027 View 01295 957027
Photo of Dr Yordan K. Zhekov, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Dr Yordan K. Zhekov
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX1
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, stressed or struggling with everyday life? Perhaps you are experiencing feelings you can't quite identify? Are you looking for help with various life challenging issues/situations? Have you got to the point where you can't go on alone and need someone else to help you? Whatever you are facing, you no longer have to do this alone, I am here to provide you with relevant support and address your needs. As an integrative counsellor I am using a compilation of therapeutic methods tailored to the individual's needs and goals providing an environment for enablement and empowerment of their achievement.
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, stressed or struggling with everyday life? Perhaps you are experiencing feelings you can't quite identify? Are you looking for help with various life challenging issues/situations? Have you got to the point where you can't go on alone and need someone else to help you? Whatever you are facing, you no longer have to do this alone, I am here to provide you with relevant support and address your needs. As an integrative counsellor I am using a compilation of therapeutic methods tailored to the individual's needs and goals providing an environment for enablement and empowerment of their achievement.
01923 936765 View 01923 936765
Photo of Alan Jiang, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Alan Jiang
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX4
Hello! I imagine you've reached this page because you're looking for a counsellor. Maybe you've found life stressful recently, or maybe you've been struggling for a long time. Maybe you want to forge a path forward, or maybe you want to look back, and understand what has brought you here. Whatever you're going through, I can offer you a safe space where you can explore your inner thoughts and feelings, develop an understanding of your patterns, and move towards a better life on your own terms. I am available either through video call or in-person in East Oxford.
Hello! I imagine you've reached this page because you're looking for a counsellor. Maybe you've found life stressful recently, or maybe you've been struggling for a long time. Maybe you want to forge a path forward, or maybe you want to look back, and understand what has brought you here. Whatever you're going through, I can offer you a safe space where you can explore your inner thoughts and feelings, develop an understanding of your patterns, and move towards a better life on your own terms. I am available either through video call or in-person in East Oxford.
01865 638615 View 01865 638615
Photo of Gabriella Papp, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Gabriella Papp
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oxford OX2
I am an Oxford-based counsellor and psychotherapist (MA, MSc) offering online and face-to-face counselling specialising in anxiety, depression, loss, disordered eating, abuse, trauma, self-esteem related and relationship issues. I will help you to build up your strength and resilience so that you can face life’s challenges with greater ease. Through therapy, you will learn how to make empowering choices, and regain control over your feelings, actions and relationships. My aim is to support you in releasing your emotional blocks and in finding resolution to painful past events so that you can live a more fulfilling life.
I am an Oxford-based counsellor and psychotherapist (MA, MSc) offering online and face-to-face counselling specialising in anxiety, depression, loss, disordered eating, abuse, trauma, self-esteem related and relationship issues. I will help you to build up your strength and resilience so that you can face life’s challenges with greater ease. Through therapy, you will learn how to make empowering choices, and regain control over your feelings, actions and relationships. My aim is to support you in releasing your emotional blocks and in finding resolution to painful past events so that you can live a more fulfilling life.
01865 951462 View 01865 951462
Photo of Judy Potts, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Judy Potts
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX3
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Life can be hard at times; work can be stressful, relationships challenging and circumstances in the past and present can all affect our emotional health. Perhaps you struggle with anxiety or low mood or self esteem, or a life event has knocked you off course. When we're struggling it can be really helpful to speak with someone outside of our family and friends who can gently help you understand the why behind your feelings and behaviour; and offer the hope of change.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Life can be hard at times; work can be stressful, relationships challenging and circumstances in the past and present can all affect our emotional health. Perhaps you struggle with anxiety or low mood or self esteem, or a life event has knocked you off course. When we're struggling it can be really helpful to speak with someone outside of our family and friends who can gently help you understand the why behind your feelings and behaviour; and offer the hope of change.
01865 638191 View 01865 638191
Photo of Emma Bollan, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Emma Bollan
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Thame OX9
I believe that at times, we all struggle with life difficulties and need someone who understand and sees us. There can be huge barriers to fairness in our society and this, along with the pressures of relationships, social media, work and expectations of others, can reduce our ability to cope alone. I believe that counselling can play a key role in helping us navigate these difficulties and face the future with a little more optimism.
I believe that at times, we all struggle with life difficulties and need someone who understand and sees us. There can be huge barriers to fairness in our society and this, along with the pressures of relationships, social media, work and expectations of others, can reduce our ability to cope alone. I believe that counselling can play a key role in helping us navigate these difficulties and face the future with a little more optimism.
01844 393764 View 01844 393764
Photo of Nicola Kelly Counselling, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Nicola Kelly Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Abingdon OX13
I am an Integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor. I work with a range of modalities including person-centred and psychodynamic. My private practice is located from my home, within a welcoming, safe and confidential setting. At times life can become difficult and confusing. If you feel you have lost your way, struggling with stress or anxiety, talking to a trained professional will help you explore your deeper thoughts and feelings at your own pace without judgement.
I am an Integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor. I work with a range of modalities including person-centred and psychodynamic. My private practice is located from my home, within a welcoming, safe and confidential setting. At times life can become difficult and confusing. If you feel you have lost your way, struggling with stress or anxiety, talking to a trained professional will help you explore your deeper thoughts and feelings at your own pace without judgement.
01235 428124 View 01235 428124
Photo of Cath Arakelian, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Cath Arakelian
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
Oxford OX2
Are you worried that you are not making full use of your talents and enjoying your one life? Do certain things seem to happen again and again or do you feel something is holding you back? Whatever your age or background, come and talk about yourself and let us gently explore together your inner world. Living a life full of anxiety or depression or behaving in ways that trouble you is painful and restricting. It doesn't have to be that way.
Are you worried that you are not making full use of your talents and enjoying your one life? Do certain things seem to happen again and again or do you feel something is holding you back? Whatever your age or background, come and talk about yourself and let us gently explore together your inner world. Living a life full of anxiety or depression or behaving in ways that trouble you is painful and restricting. It doesn't have to be that way.
020 3856 8477 View 020 3856 8477
Photo of Sharmila Kaduskar, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Sharmila Kaduskar
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX3
You may seem to the world to be successful, sure of yourself, and in control whilst feeling increasingly isolated as you battle, perhaps in secret, with your fear, anxiety, loneliness or past. You may sense that part of you is hidden, maybe even from yourself, tripping you up when it matters most, that your life is not quite what you hoped or your choices are unfulfilling. You may wish to know your own heart, to be on your own side, and to be able engage authentically and meaningfully with your life. Working together we can listen out for your quiet inner voice, the one that already knows you and already knows how to be.
You may seem to the world to be successful, sure of yourself, and in control whilst feeling increasingly isolated as you battle, perhaps in secret, with your fear, anxiety, loneliness or past. You may sense that part of you is hidden, maybe even from yourself, tripping you up when it matters most, that your life is not quite what you hoped or your choices are unfulfilling. You may wish to know your own heart, to be on your own side, and to be able engage authentically and meaningfully with your life. Working together we can listen out for your quiet inner voice, the one that already knows you and already knows how to be.
01865 900536 View 01865 900536
Photo of Dr Claire Brown, Psychologist in Stadhampton, England
Dr Claire Brown
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Thame OX9
Therapy can be different things to different people; it can be about focusing on changing a specific behaviour, learning to manage emotions or wanting a space to explore experiences, get understanding and make meaning. It can be all of these things or something completely different. My strength is in the less directive, exploration work; helping clients to understand their world and why they feel, think, behave the ways that they do. With this insight, I can help you to find ways to change old patterns and move forwards in a direction towards the life you want to live.
Therapy can be different things to different people; it can be about focusing on changing a specific behaviour, learning to manage emotions or wanting a space to explore experiences, get understanding and make meaning. It can be all of these things or something completely different. My strength is in the less directive, exploration work; helping clients to understand their world and why they feel, think, behave the ways that they do. With this insight, I can help you to find ways to change old patterns and move forwards in a direction towards the life you want to live.
01628 951245 View 01628 951245
Photo of Laura Kennedy, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Laura Kennedy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX4
I am passionate about helping clients intercept 'stuck' cycles by finding new ways of adjusting and coping. Many of the clients that I work with find themselves struggling with life demands or what the World Health Organisation (WHO) typically defines as 'burn-out' (ICD-10). Quite often they feel overwhelmed, depleted and unable to find an obvious solution to their problem. They find themselves chronically ruminating about the past or worrying about the future, leading to vicious cycles of depression and anxiety. These clients require a specialised therapist who can offer brief, effective treatment.
I am passionate about helping clients intercept 'stuck' cycles by finding new ways of adjusting and coping. Many of the clients that I work with find themselves struggling with life demands or what the World Health Organisation (WHO) typically defines as 'burn-out' (ICD-10). Quite often they feel overwhelmed, depleted and unable to find an obvious solution to their problem. They find themselves chronically ruminating about the past or worrying about the future, leading to vicious cycles of depression and anxiety. These clients require a specialised therapist who can offer brief, effective treatment.
020 3697 0279 View 020 3697 0279
Photo of Dr Claire Lewry (Abode Therapy), Psychologist in Stadhampton, England
Dr Claire Lewry (Abode Therapy)
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oxford OX2  (Online Only)
I am a Counselling Psychologist, and have experience working with people struggling across the lifespan with a range of difficulties including interpersonal and relational difficulties, anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic, and anger. I have particular experience in those struggling with the impact of trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex trauma (CPTSD), and with people experiencing voices, visions, and unusual beliefs.
I am a Counselling Psychologist, and have experience working with people struggling across the lifespan with a range of difficulties including interpersonal and relational difficulties, anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic, and anger. I have particular experience in those struggling with the impact of trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex trauma (CPTSD), and with people experiencing voices, visions, and unusual beliefs.
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Photo of Dr Sarah Enderby, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Dr Sarah Enderby
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oxford OX44
You may be coming to counselling because you are in crisis, unable to see a way through a situation or feeling lost or alone. You might be seeking the 'right' answer around a difficult life decision. It may have taken many years to find the courage to seek help for issues which run deep, perhaps stemming from difficult, early experiences in childhood or from trauma. I specialise in working with self esteem and anxiety, relationship issues, and LGBTQ+ folks, however, everybody is welcome.
You may be coming to counselling because you are in crisis, unable to see a way through a situation or feeling lost or alone. You might be seeking the 'right' answer around a difficult life decision. It may have taken many years to find the courage to seek help for issues which run deep, perhaps stemming from difficult, early experiences in childhood or from trauma. I specialise in working with self esteem and anxiety, relationship issues, and LGBTQ+ folks, however, everybody is welcome.
01844 391117 View 01844 391117
Photo of Dianne McCormick, Psychologist in Stadhampton, England
Dianne McCormick
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Abingdon OX13  (Online Only)
"Dianne helped my husband and I bridge seemingly impossible gaps in our understanding of each other and ability to communicate despite considerable differences. Dianne took us from a place where we encountered apparently unresolvable emotional blockages daily, from a place of frustration and chronic misunderstanding to a place where we were able to appreciate each other's feelings and show love to one another increasingly unreservedly. She was skilfully professional, without ever faltering in compassion or humanity. She has given us the tools we needed to succeed in our marriage and we are hugely grateful for her help. " Annon
"Dianne helped my husband and I bridge seemingly impossible gaps in our understanding of each other and ability to communicate despite considerable differences. Dianne took us from a place where we encountered apparently unresolvable emotional blockages daily, from a place of frustration and chronic misunderstanding to a place where we were able to appreciate each other's feelings and show love to one another increasingly unreservedly. She was skilfully professional, without ever faltering in compassion or humanity. She has given us the tools we needed to succeed in our marriage and we are hugely grateful for her help. " Annon
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Photo of Alison Hamley Psychological Services, Psychologist in Stadhampton, England
Alison Hamley Psychological Services
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Oxford OX2
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist, and a British Psychological Society Chartered Psychologist. I have over 25 years experience of working in mental health settings. In my practice, I provide a safe, confidential and collaborative space for clients to explore their difficulties and find solutions to their problems.
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist, and a British Psychological Society Chartered Psychologist. I have over 25 years experience of working in mental health settings. In my practice, I provide a safe, confidential and collaborative space for clients to explore their difficulties and find solutions to their problems.
01865 951206 View 01865 951206
Photo of Karen Burke, Trauma Recovery, CBT, Counselling, Counsellor in Stadhampton, England
Karen Burke, Trauma Recovery, CBT, Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX44  (Online Only)
Trauma-focused therapy helps to address the underlying traumatic memories and triggers that contribute to anxiety. CBT, on the other hand, equips individuals with practical techniques to identify and challenge negative thought patterns. However, a combination of trauma-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can offer effective strategies for managing anxiety and reclaiming a sense of calm. I provide a safe and supportive environment for processing and healing trauma, and all anxiety-based issues. I offer therapy sessions over the phone and video link.
Trauma-focused therapy helps to address the underlying traumatic memories and triggers that contribute to anxiety. CBT, on the other hand, equips individuals with practical techniques to identify and challenge negative thought patterns. However, a combination of trauma-focused therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) can offer effective strategies for managing anxiety and reclaiming a sense of calm. I provide a safe and supportive environment for processing and healing trauma, and all anxiety-based issues. I offer therapy sessions over the phone and video link.
01744 419687 View 01744 419687
Photo of Woodstock Counselling, Psychotherapist in Stadhampton, England
Woodstock Counselling
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Oxford OX2
See my reviews: http://www.woodstockcounselling.co.uk/testimonials I am an integrative counsellor which means that I use a number of methods to suit the needs of my work. My main disciplines are Psychodynamic Therapy, Individual (Adlerian) Therapy and some CBT techniques. I have experience working in NHS Primary care, within charities and also in private practice, I also run therapeutic groups. My work is suitable for solution-focused brief therapy as well as long-term counselling. As an integrative practitioner I also draw on other training such as Group Therapy, Bereavement Training and Addiction Training.
See my reviews: http://www.woodstockcounselling.co.uk/testimonials I am an integrative counsellor which means that I use a number of methods to suit the needs of my work. My main disciplines are Psychodynamic Therapy, Individual (Adlerian) Therapy and some CBT techniques. I have experience working in NHS Primary care, within charities and also in private practice, I also run therapeutic groups. My work is suitable for solution-focused brief therapy as well as long-term counselling. As an integrative practitioner I also draw on other training such as Group Therapy, Bereavement Training and Addiction Training.
07403 930572 View 07403 930572

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Number of Counsellors in Stadhampton

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How Counsellors in Stadhampton see their clients

2% Online Only
1% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Stadhampton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.