Counselling in DL1

Photo of Alison Louise Doherty, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Alison Louise Doherty
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
One of the things I love about EMDR is that it puts you, the client, in control, (something we may not have had very much of when our traumas were taking place). EMDR does not delete memories but simply changes the way painful memories are stored, so that when we think about them, they no longer trigger negative emotions or sensations. As my mother once said, you can go around it, under it or over it but at some point, you must go through it. I wish you strength and healing on your journey.
One of the things I love about EMDR is that it puts you, the client, in control, (something we may not have had very much of when our traumas were taking place). EMDR does not delete memories but simply changes the way painful memories are stored, so that when we think about them, they no longer trigger negative emotions or sensations. As my mother once said, you can go around it, under it or over it but at some point, you must go through it. I wish you strength and healing on your journey.
01748 900767 View 01748 900767
Photo of Dr Jill Rayner, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jill Rayner
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I work with adults of any age to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health and well being. I am interested in helping people with a range of difficulties including low mood, anxiety, adjustment and relational difficulties.
I work with adults of any age to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health and well being. I am interested in helping people with a range of difficulties including low mood, anxiety, adjustment and relational difficulties.
01325 605088 View 01325 605088
Photo of Andrea Sutton, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Andrea Sutton
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
3 Endorsed
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue, low mood or a desire to make sense of life, I am here to help. Through our therapeutic relationship, you will have the opportunity to better understand your life experiences and the dynamics of your relationships. You will be able to develop more compassion for yourself, build greater emotional resilience, let go of past pain and bring forth your innate wisdom and strength to rediscover your authentic self.
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue, low mood or a desire to make sense of life, I am here to help. Through our therapeutic relationship, you will have the opportunity to better understand your life experiences and the dynamics of your relationships. You will be able to develop more compassion for yourself, build greater emotional resilience, let go of past pain and bring forth your innate wisdom and strength to rediscover your authentic self.
01325 808521 View 01325 808521
Photo of Deborah Williamson - At One Relationship Therapy , Counsellor, MA, MBACP
At One Relationship Therapy
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Are you caught in the same arguments with your partner? Always playing peacemaker? Or struggling to move past betrayal or loss? Or, maybe you feel disconnected from someone you love—or even from yourself? Perhaps you’re reading this because you’re exhausted and need things to change. Are you looking for a safe space where you can be heard and have your experience validated? Somewhere that will help you to break free from painful patterns, rebuild trust, communicate in ways that actually work and produce lasting change.
Are you caught in the same arguments with your partner? Always playing peacemaker? Or struggling to move past betrayal or loss? Or, maybe you feel disconnected from someone you love—or even from yourself? Perhaps you’re reading this because you’re exhausted and need things to change. Are you looking for a safe space where you can be heard and have your experience validated? Somewhere that will help you to break free from painful patterns, rebuild trust, communicate in ways that actually work and produce lasting change.
01325 808148 View 01325 808148
Photo of Stacy Alcorn-Davenport - Stacy Counselling & Coaching, Counsellor, MBACP
Hello, I am a trauma-informed, integrative counsellor. I meet clients weekly, face-to-face in a safe, comfortable therapy space in Darlington, Co Durham, UK, and online via Zoom or by telephone if you prefer. I have a flexible work structure regarding regularity of sessions. I have supported many clients throughout the years with a variety of mental health issues at Mind, the Rape and Sexual Abuse Counselling Centre and Durham University before entering private practice. The relationship with your counsellor is key to positive change on your healing journey. Schedule a free phone session to discuss how we could work together.
Hello, I am a trauma-informed, integrative counsellor. I meet clients weekly, face-to-face in a safe, comfortable therapy space in Darlington, Co Durham, UK, and online via Zoom or by telephone if you prefer. I have a flexible work structure regarding regularity of sessions. I have supported many clients throughout the years with a variety of mental health issues at Mind, the Rape and Sexual Abuse Counselling Centre and Durham University before entering private practice. The relationship with your counsellor is key to positive change on your healing journey. Schedule a free phone session to discuss how we could work together.
01325 808607 View 01325 808607
Photo of Dr Abi Tarran-Jones, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Abi Tarran-Jones
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I offer outdoor therapy in a natural setting, as well as traditional sessions in a clinic. My approach is based on developing a caring and compassionate therapeutic relationship with you, as this is the most active ingredient for effective therapy. I deliver outdoor therapy as nature is healing for our mental and physical health and wellbeing. Through nature we can learn more about ourselves and how we want to live our lives. And the natural environment can offer us tools to enhance the therapeutic work. You can choose whether you prefer the comfort of the indoors or the freedom of the outdoors!
I am a Clinical Psychologist and I offer outdoor therapy in a natural setting, as well as traditional sessions in a clinic. My approach is based on developing a caring and compassionate therapeutic relationship with you, as this is the most active ingredient for effective therapy. I deliver outdoor therapy as nature is healing for our mental and physical health and wellbeing. Through nature we can learn more about ourselves and how we want to live our lives. And the natural environment can offer us tools to enhance the therapeutic work. You can choose whether you prefer the comfort of the indoors or the freedom of the outdoors!
01642 030577 View 01642 030577
Photo of Alison Stocks - Ronnoc's counselling service, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Ronnoc's counselling service
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi my name is Alison I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, who uses an integrative, person centred approach to counselling. I adopt this approach to provide an unique opportunity to help you to explore those feelings of being overwhelmed. especially after a bereavement or loss. We can explore ways to help you to identify your issues and unravel your thoughts and feelings which in turn can help you to alter your behaviour and regulate your emotions. This will empower you to strive forwards in your life and improve your well being.
Hi my name is Alison I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, who uses an integrative, person centred approach to counselling. I adopt this approach to provide an unique opportunity to help you to explore those feelings of being overwhelmed. especially after a bereavement or loss. We can explore ways to help you to identify your issues and unravel your thoughts and feelings which in turn can help you to alter your behaviour and regulate your emotions. This will empower you to strive forwards in your life and improve your well being.
01325 808567 View 01325 808567
Photo of Jenny Marshall, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Jenny Marshall
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I work with individuals with a range of difficulties relating to both their relationships with themselves and others. These difficulties may manifest themselves in high levels of self criticism, low self esteem, poor self worth linked with low mood or anxiety amongst other issues. They may also manifest themselves in unrealistic expectations of self or unrelenting standards resulting in high levels of stress and burnout. I have extensive experience in working with trauma and the impact that this can have on both view of self, and on relationships with others including difficulties trusting others.
I work with individuals with a range of difficulties relating to both their relationships with themselves and others. These difficulties may manifest themselves in high levels of self criticism, low self esteem, poor self worth linked with low mood or anxiety amongst other issues. They may also manifest themselves in unrealistic expectations of self or unrelenting standards resulting in high levels of stress and burnout. I have extensive experience in working with trauma and the impact that this can have on both view of self, and on relationships with others including difficulties trusting others.
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Photo of Becky Simpson-Ryan - Weather the Storm Counselling and Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Weather the Storm Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
I am a Humanistic Integrative therapist, which means my "eclectic" style of therapy is adaptable to the individual. The integrative approach views the client as a whole and considers many different therapy styles and approaches to find what works for the individual, and appeals most to their personality and attachment style. I view my clients as people, not jargon, and an advocate for personal autonomy. I use many techniques but specialise in Transactional Analysis.
I am a Humanistic Integrative therapist, which means my "eclectic" style of therapy is adaptable to the individual. The integrative approach views the client as a whole and considers many different therapy styles and approaches to find what works for the individual, and appeals most to their personality and attachment style. I view my clients as people, not jargon, and an advocate for personal autonomy. I use many techniques but specialise in Transactional Analysis.
01388 311273 View 01388 311273
Photo of Cheryl Fenech-Soler, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Cheryl Fenech-Soler
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Cheryl, a UKCP-accredited Integrative Psychotherapist and Transactional Analysis specialist based in Stockton-on-Tees. I work with adults and children experiencing anxiety, trauma, low mood, eating distress and grief. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where you can explore what’s going on beneath the surface and work towards healing and growth My approach is flexible and tailored to what you need, combining different therapy methods to help you understand yourself better and build the skills to manage life’s challenges. If this feels like the right support, I offer a free, no-obligation introductory call
Hi, I’m Cheryl, a UKCP-accredited Integrative Psychotherapist and Transactional Analysis specialist based in Stockton-on-Tees. I work with adults and children experiencing anxiety, trauma, low mood, eating distress and grief. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where you can explore what’s going on beneath the surface and work towards healing and growth My approach is flexible and tailored to what you need, combining different therapy methods to help you understand yourself better and build the skills to manage life’s challenges. If this feels like the right support, I offer a free, no-obligation introductory call
01642 053068 View 01642 053068
Photo of Vikki Mulligan, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Vikki Mulligan
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello, and welcome. Sometimes we all face things that we can find difficult to make sense of and reaching out for help can seem like the hardest thing to do. I'm here beside you as we navigate through the stormy waters together. I have worked for many years with children, young people, their parents and carers and adults. The work I have done has enabled me to develop understanding of the challenges faced at different stages in life, and I aim to hold you and your experiences at the core with compassion and warmth to help you understand what shaped your history and your person.
Hello, and welcome. Sometimes we all face things that we can find difficult to make sense of and reaching out for help can seem like the hardest thing to do. I'm here beside you as we navigate through the stormy waters together. I have worked for many years with children, young people, their parents and carers and adults. The work I have done has enabled me to develop understanding of the challenges faced at different stages in life, and I aim to hold you and your experiences at the core with compassion and warmth to help you understand what shaped your history and your person.
01642 053913 View 01642 053913
Photo of Andrea Johnson, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Andrea Johnson
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer my clients a predominantly Person-Centred approach to counselling that is welcoming, understanding, non-judgemental and of course completely confidential. I currently work for an EAP Service and previously a Primary Care Mental Health Organisation alongside my own private practice which is based in Darlington. I can offer you an integrative approach to therapy which includes training in CBT, Creative Therapies and Mindfulness. I have extensive experience of working with difference, diversity, and a variety of issues, which means I can offer you a bespoke humanistic experience that is tailored to your unique needs.
I offer my clients a predominantly Person-Centred approach to counselling that is welcoming, understanding, non-judgemental and of course completely confidential. I currently work for an EAP Service and previously a Primary Care Mental Health Organisation alongside my own private practice which is based in Darlington. I can offer you an integrative approach to therapy which includes training in CBT, Creative Therapies and Mindfulness. I have extensive experience of working with difference, diversity, and a variety of issues, which means I can offer you a bespoke humanistic experience that is tailored to your unique needs.
01325 808533 View 01325 808533
Photo of Eileen Moss, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Eileen Moss
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling stressed? Anxious? Suffering the loss of a loved one? I offer you a safe, confidential place to explore your present situation, listening with understanding and without judgement. As an integrative counsellor, I have a wide variety of approaches to suit the needs of the individual. I counsel adults, young people and children through Microsoft Teams or Psychology Today, with home visits available locally. Counselling is an opportunity to understand what is going on for you in your life and to explore a way forward. I am also a Supervisor offering very competitive rates with further reductions to students.
Are you feeling stressed? Anxious? Suffering the loss of a loved one? I offer you a safe, confidential place to explore your present situation, listening with understanding and without judgement. As an integrative counsellor, I have a wide variety of approaches to suit the needs of the individual. I counsel adults, young people and children through Microsoft Teams or Psychology Today, with home visits available locally. Counselling is an opportunity to understand what is going on for you in your life and to explore a way forward. I am also a Supervisor offering very competitive rates with further reductions to students.
01684 217891 View 01684 217891
Photo of Andrew H Cull, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Andrew H Cull
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? For over eight years, I've guided people through life's challenges, helping them rediscover their inner strength and purpose. My approach is built on a simple foundation: a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel truly heard. I use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), a proven method for managing anxiety, stress, and low self-esteem. But your journey is unique, which is why I combine CBT with other techniques to create a personalized plan just for you. My goal isn't just to solve your problems; it's to empower you with tools for lasting well-being. Reach out and lets see what I can do to help you.
Feeling overwhelmed or stuck? For over eight years, I've guided people through life's challenges, helping them rediscover their inner strength and purpose. My approach is built on a simple foundation: a safe, non-judgmental space where you feel truly heard. I use Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), a proven method for managing anxiety, stress, and low self-esteem. But your journey is unique, which is why I combine CBT with other techniques to create a personalized plan just for you. My goal isn't just to solve your problems; it's to empower you with tools for lasting well-being. Reach out and lets see what I can do to help you.
01388 434064 View 01388 434064
Photo of Sue Smith, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Sue Smith
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Thank you for checking out my profile. I work with adults and have a lengthy career history working across a range of issues. I predominantly use trauma therapy to help clients move forward but utilise a range of tools as required. In private practice I have worked with adult survivors of childhood abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, sudden death, accidents and suicide of loved ones. Clients may be unsure as to what their needs are, they simply want to feel better. We will explore this and identify targets for our work together. The initial discussion/meeting helps us to establish if I'm the right therapist for your needs.
Thank you for checking out my profile. I work with adults and have a lengthy career history working across a range of issues. I predominantly use trauma therapy to help clients move forward but utilise a range of tools as required. In private practice I have worked with adult survivors of childhood abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, sudden death, accidents and suicide of loved ones. Clients may be unsure as to what their needs are, they simply want to feel better. We will explore this and identify targets for our work together. The initial discussion/meeting helps us to establish if I'm the right therapist for your needs.
01388 436761 View 01388 436761
Photo of Sandra Pauline Pearson - Life Pathways Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Life Pathways Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Anxiety, panic attacks , Depression Relationships I offer expert help for anxiety related disorders ,including panic attack, I am able to deliver a broad range of tried and tested therapeutic techniques, to alleviate your anxiety, which can be triggered by various issues, such as work, health, relationships, loss to name a few. I use various approaches, CBT Solution Focused. Person Centred, and added extra training in the Rewind Technique, this is useful for trauma, and recurring troubled memories. EFT is a tapping technique can be useful for stress .
Anxiety, panic attacks , Depression Relationships I offer expert help for anxiety related disorders ,including panic attack, I am able to deliver a broad range of tried and tested therapeutic techniques, to alleviate your anxiety, which can be triggered by various issues, such as work, health, relationships, loss to name a few. I use various approaches, CBT Solution Focused. Person Centred, and added extra training in the Rewind Technique, this is useful for trauma, and recurring troubled memories. EFT is a tapping technique can be useful for stress .
01325 525772 View 01325 525772
Photo of Beverley Ann D'Arcy - Changing Minds Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Changing Minds Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Serves Area
17 years as a psychotherapist providing therapy to people with complex and enduring mental health problems (mainly NHS) and clients with mild to moderate mental health issues referred by organisations. I carry out in depth assessments, quickly identify key issues and tailor therapy according to client need. I offer a confidential setting where clients are free to talk without fear of rejection, criticism of blame. I aim to provide someone with resources they can draw on to manage current and future anxiety, stresses, disabling symptoms and unstable moods.
17 years as a psychotherapist providing therapy to people with complex and enduring mental health problems (mainly NHS) and clients with mild to moderate mental health issues referred by organisations. I carry out in depth assessments, quickly identify key issues and tailor therapy according to client need. I offer a confidential setting where clients are free to talk without fear of rejection, criticism of blame. I aim to provide someone with resources they can draw on to manage current and future anxiety, stresses, disabling symptoms and unstable moods.
01969 607005 View 01969 607005
Photo of Karena Serdecka, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Karena Serdecka
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
Whether working through significant change, life event or trying to manage/resolve longer term issues which prevent you from thriving and reaching your fullest potential in life, relationships, family or work – I can work with you in a fully supportive, non-judgemental, empathic way. I am a warm, relational and person-centred integrative psychotherapist and EMDR specialist Dip Psych & DPC (child and adolescent), also clinical hypnotherapist (Adult). Additionally -Dip CBT, EFT, Mindfulness, Art and Couples Therapies. I lecture in psychotherapy, psychology and counselling and have worked with clients 5 yrs old to 80yrs+.
Whether working through significant change, life event or trying to manage/resolve longer term issues which prevent you from thriving and reaching your fullest potential in life, relationships, family or work – I can work with you in a fully supportive, non-judgemental, empathic way. I am a warm, relational and person-centred integrative psychotherapist and EMDR specialist Dip Psych & DPC (child and adolescent), also clinical hypnotherapist (Adult). Additionally -Dip CBT, EFT, Mindfulness, Art and Couples Therapies. I lecture in psychotherapy, psychology and counselling and have worked with clients 5 yrs old to 80yrs+.
07445 540791 View 07445 540791
Photo of Helen Graham, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Helen Graham
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
IN-PERSON sessions in DURHAM. I’m a highly qualified and experienced psychotherapist who works with a diverse range of people and the whole of their issues. I understand that everyone can go through difficult times and can benefit from support in handling these challenges. I can help by offering you a relaxed, safe and confidential therapeutic space to explore issues troubling you in a caring, accepting and non-judgemental way. People I have worked with tell me their therapeutic experience with me has increased their confidence, self-awareness, personal growth and they have gained a deeper sense of meaning, purpose and contentment.
IN-PERSON sessions in DURHAM. I’m a highly qualified and experienced psychotherapist who works with a diverse range of people and the whole of their issues. I understand that everyone can go through difficult times and can benefit from support in handling these challenges. I can help by offering you a relaxed, safe and confidential therapeutic space to explore issues troubling you in a caring, accepting and non-judgemental way. People I have worked with tell me their therapeutic experience with me has increased their confidence, self-awareness, personal growth and they have gained a deeper sense of meaning, purpose and contentment.
07933 709399 View 07933 709399
Photo of Fiona Grant, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Fiona Grant
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Online Only
I am an affordable, Pluralistic Counsellor. I believe everyone is unique, people learn and communicate in different ways. Therefore, I will adapt the style of counselling to suit your needs. My aim is to help you develop skills which can be used outside of the counselling session, this can also be beneficial to deal with any future problems you may face.
I am an affordable, Pluralistic Counsellor. I believe everyone is unique, people learn and communicate in different ways. Therefore, I will adapt the style of counselling to suit your needs. My aim is to help you develop skills which can be used outside of the counselling session, this can also be beneficial to deal with any future problems you may face.
01325 524260 View 01325 524260

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in DL1

30+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in DL1 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
87% Depression
84% Stress
74% Bereavement
71% Relationship Issues
58% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
89% AXA PPP
67% Bupa

How Counsellors in DL1 see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in DL1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.