Counselling in TS21

Photo of Amy Louise Young - Elevate Wellbeing , Counsellor, MBACP
Elevate Wellbeing
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
I’m a qualified and compassionate counsellor. My practice provides a safe, calm and non-judgemental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings and experiences at their own pace. I use an integrative approach which means that I draw on a range of therapeutic methods to suit your unique needs and experiences. I appreciate that everyone processes and learns differently, which is why I take a flexible, collaborative approach to find what works best for you and supports your personal growth. British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) member, committed to providing professional & ethical support.
I’m a qualified and compassionate counsellor. My practice provides a safe, calm and non-judgemental space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings and experiences at their own pace. I use an integrative approach which means that I draw on a range of therapeutic methods to suit your unique needs and experiences. I appreciate that everyone processes and learns differently, which is why I take a flexible, collaborative approach to find what works best for you and supports your personal growth. British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) member, committed to providing professional & ethical support.
01740 616297 View 01740 616297
Photo of Nicola Jayne Arceri, Counsellor, MBACP
Nicola Jayne Arceri
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
My counselling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe one size fits all! I am experienced in working with a wide range of issues including relationship issues, depression, anxiety, coping with addictions, attention-deficit disorder, trauma, bereavement and loss, anger management amongst other concerns I also help many people who have experienced sexual abuse, rape and domestic violence or that live with personality disorders
My counselling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe one size fits all! I am experienced in working with a wide range of issues including relationship issues, depression, anxiety, coping with addictions, attention-deficit disorder, trauma, bereavement and loss, anger management amongst other concerns I also help many people who have experienced sexual abuse, rape and domestic violence or that live with personality disorders
01642 130408 View 01642 130408
Photo of Sharon Temple, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Sharon Temple
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi im Sharon. I offer a warm non-judgemental space where you can explore and express what's troubling you. Sometimes you might become stuck and not really know why or how to change your situation. At other times you might be looking for someone to provide support because of something specific.
Hi im Sharon. I offer a warm non-judgemental space where you can explore and express what's troubling you. Sometimes you might become stuck and not really know why or how to change your situation. At other times you might be looking for someone to provide support because of something specific.
07722 938114 View 07722 938114
Photo of Dr Lindsey Nicholson, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Lindsey Nicholson
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist. I have 25 years of NHS and private healthcare experience. I have many years experience of treating a wide array of psychological difficulties, from day to day worries to complex psychological conditions. I provide safe and effective highly specialised psychological assessment and therapy which is tailored to your specific needs. I am highly experienced in using a variety of evidence-based psychological therapies for which I have received doctoral specialist training. I can help you to understand your difficulties and develop ways to move forward.
I am a HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist. I have 25 years of NHS and private healthcare experience. I have many years experience of treating a wide array of psychological difficulties, from day to day worries to complex psychological conditions. I provide safe and effective highly specialised psychological assessment and therapy which is tailored to your specific needs. I am highly experienced in using a variety of evidence-based psychological therapies for which I have received doctoral specialist training. I can help you to understand your difficulties and develop ways to move forward.
01287 555540 View 01287 555540
Photo of Sarah O'Callaghan, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Sarah O'Callaghan
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello! I'm Sarah an accredited CBT therapist and EMDR therapist with a range of experience in most areas of mental health over a career that has spanned 20 years with the NHS. I offer treatment to adults across the UK in convenient online sessions and I also offer in person therapy in the north east. I work with anxiety presentations from low self esteem, social anxiety, OCD and health worries among others. I can also support helping people overcome low mood and depression, both by looking at how we can bring about behavioural change and challenging unhelpful thinking styles.
Hello! I'm Sarah an accredited CBT therapist and EMDR therapist with a range of experience in most areas of mental health over a career that has spanned 20 years with the NHS. I offer treatment to adults across the UK in convenient online sessions and I also offer in person therapy in the north east. I work with anxiety presentations from low self esteem, social anxiety, OCD and health worries among others. I can also support helping people overcome low mood and depression, both by looking at how we can bring about behavioural change and challenging unhelpful thinking styles.
0191 743 1773 View 0191 743 1773
Photo of Helen Farrell - Helen Farrell Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Helen Farrell Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Thank you for visiting my profile. I'm a qualified Person-Centred Counsellor supporting Children & Adults. I offer a warm empathic approach to counselling. I am here to listen in a very non-judgemental way and to support you to find your inner strengths to make changes or understand why you may feel a certain way right now. When supporting children I offer them play therapy, story telling, creative work and talk to help them express their feelings. I work to the BACP ethics and guidelines and offer you a safe, confidential space. The space and time is yours to explore and reflect on your past or what's going on right now for you.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I'm a qualified Person-Centred Counsellor supporting Children & Adults. I offer a warm empathic approach to counselling. I am here to listen in a very non-judgemental way and to support you to find your inner strengths to make changes or understand why you may feel a certain way right now. When supporting children I offer them play therapy, story telling, creative work and talk to help them express their feelings. I work to the BACP ethics and guidelines and offer you a safe, confidential space. The space and time is yours to explore and reflect on your past or what's going on right now for you.
01642 130108 View 01642 130108
Photo of Jenny Marshall, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Jenny Marshall
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I work with individuals with a range of difficulties relating to both their relationships with themselves and others. These difficulties may manifest themselves in high levels of self criticism, low self esteem, poor self worth linked with low mood or anxiety amongst other issues. They may also manifest themselves in unrealistic expectations of self or unrelenting standards resulting in high levels of stress and burnout. I have extensive experience in working with trauma and the impact that this can have on both view of self, and on relationships with others including difficulties trusting others.
I work with individuals with a range of difficulties relating to both their relationships with themselves and others. These difficulties may manifest themselves in high levels of self criticism, low self esteem, poor self worth linked with low mood or anxiety amongst other issues. They may also manifest themselves in unrealistic expectations of self or unrelenting standards resulting in high levels of stress and burnout. I have extensive experience in working with trauma and the impact that this can have on both view of self, and on relationships with others including difficulties trusting others.
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Photo of Beverly Amanda Neeson, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Beverly Amanda Neeson
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
There are no "ideal clients", every client has many unique experiences and reasons to seek help and support with. I try to understand both my client as a person and how they shape (and are shaped by) the world they are exploring. I encourage clients to be their authentic selves in the safe therapeutic space we create together. By doing so, the client can develop their own tools with my offered support.
There are no "ideal clients", every client has many unique experiences and reasons to seek help and support with. I try to understand both my client as a person and how they shape (and are shaped by) the world they are exploring. I encourage clients to be their authentic selves in the safe therapeutic space we create together. By doing so, the client can develop their own tools with my offered support.
01325 978009 View 01325 978009
Photo of Lucy Bamford-Leggett - Tees Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Tees Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Emotional suffering can easily lead to us feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and exhausted, affecting our daily lives and overall well-being. If this sounds like you, remember that help is available. I'm Lucy, a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist trained in EMDR and DBT with over 15 years of experience in clinical practice. Although I work with a range of conditions, including Depression and Anxiety, I have a specialist interest in working with individuals struggling with Trauma and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
Emotional suffering can easily lead to us feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and exhausted, affecting our daily lives and overall well-being. If this sounds like you, remember that help is available. I'm Lucy, a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist trained in EMDR and DBT with over 15 years of experience in clinical practice. Although I work with a range of conditions, including Depression and Anxiety, I have a specialist interest in working with individuals struggling with Trauma and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
07412 306167 View 07412 306167
Photo of Charlotte Dunkel - Fresh Start Psychological Services , Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Fresh Start Psychological Services
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm Charlotte a Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I have over 10 years experience working within NHS Talking Therapies services, both as a low intensity Psychological Wellbeing practitioner and a High Intensity Therapist. I have experience working with adults with a range of mental health difficulties including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and Social Phobia. More recently I have undertaken training in Interpersonal Therapy for Depression (IPT) and currently working towards accreditation in this modality.
I'm Charlotte a Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I have over 10 years experience working within NHS Talking Therapies services, both as a low intensity Psychological Wellbeing practitioner and a High Intensity Therapist. I have experience working with adults with a range of mental health difficulties including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and Social Phobia. More recently I have undertaken training in Interpersonal Therapy for Depression (IPT) and currently working towards accreditation in this modality.
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Photo of Raj Muirhead, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Raj Muirhead
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have worked with a wide range of complex trauma, abuse, loss, work related stress and mental health issues. I have an integrative approach to my work and tailor the work to suit your needs. I have a strong belief in every individual being able to manage themselves with the appropriate resources and being able to change the repeating negative patterns or behaviours in their lives, personal and work relationships.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have worked with a wide range of complex trauma, abuse, loss, work related stress and mental health issues. I have an integrative approach to my work and tailor the work to suit your needs. I have a strong belief in every individual being able to manage themselves with the appropriate resources and being able to change the repeating negative patterns or behaviours in their lives, personal and work relationships.
01642 573297 View 01642 573297

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Gail Marie Hickman, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Gail Marie Hickman
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist delivering a variety of therapies in Darlington. My aim is to offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore your current difficulties thereby, facilitating your journey to improved well-being and happiness. I believe the key element for positive therapy is a good therapeutic relationship between my clients and myself. Therapy is designed to meet your individual needs and at a pace that is appropriate to your needs. Initial appointments are offered at a reduced rate in order for you to decide whether therapy is right for you at this time.
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist delivering a variety of therapies in Darlington. My aim is to offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore your current difficulties thereby, facilitating your journey to improved well-being and happiness. I believe the key element for positive therapy is a good therapeutic relationship between my clients and myself. Therapy is designed to meet your individual needs and at a pace that is appropriate to your needs. Initial appointments are offered at a reduced rate in order for you to decide whether therapy is right for you at this time.
01325 525733 View 01325 525733
Photo of Natalie Holmes, Counsellor, MBACP
Natalie Holmes
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Hi, I’m Natalie, the therapist at East Durham Counselling. I work with adults and young people in private practice. I’m trained in integrative counselling, which means I have lots of techniques to choose from when deciding what will help my clients the most; I draw from person-centred, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapies depending on the presenting issues and client's needs. I have experience of working with autism, ADHD, abuse, anxiety, bereavement, depression, domestic violence, eating disorders, OCD, PTSD, relationship issues, self-harm, stress, trauma and dissociation.
Hi, I’m Natalie, the therapist at East Durham Counselling. I work with adults and young people in private practice. I’m trained in integrative counselling, which means I have lots of techniques to choose from when deciding what will help my clients the most; I draw from person-centred, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapies depending on the presenting issues and client's needs. I have experience of working with autism, ADHD, abuse, anxiety, bereavement, depression, domestic violence, eating disorders, OCD, PTSD, relationship issues, self-harm, stress, trauma and dissociation.
0191 743 9237 View 0191 743 9237
Photo of Jennifer Cottam - Talk Works, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Talk Works
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Life is hard. Talking helps. Talk Works deliver counselling, CBT, EMDR and psychology to individuals who require mental health support. Therapy offers you a safe, confidential place to talk about your life and anything that may be distressing. Whenever we get people talking, great things happen.
Life is hard. Talking helps. Talk Works deliver counselling, CBT, EMDR and psychology to individuals who require mental health support. Therapy offers you a safe, confidential place to talk about your life and anything that may be distressing. Whenever we get people talking, great things happen.
0191 743 4109 View 0191 743 4109
Photo of Momoko Tsuchida, Counsellor, MBACP
Momoko Tsuchida
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello and welcome. As you are here, I believe you have already embarked on your journey in exploring what your needs are at this stage of your life and whether I can be of help as an integrative counsellor. I believe in the ability and inner strength of your unique self to fulfil your meaningful life and welcome clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures to a calm and empathetic space enabling you to deepen the understanding of you. Your therapy provides a confidential space for you to be heard and explore any difficulties that you may be experiencing without being judged. This may be how you relate to yourself and others.
Hello and welcome. As you are here, I believe you have already embarked on your journey in exploring what your needs are at this stage of your life and whether I can be of help as an integrative counsellor. I believe in the ability and inner strength of your unique self to fulfil your meaningful life and welcome clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures to a calm and empathetic space enabling you to deepen the understanding of you. Your therapy provides a confidential space for you to be heard and explore any difficulties that you may be experiencing without being judged. This may be how you relate to yourself and others.
020 4538 9397 View 020 4538 9397
Photo of Gayle Watts - Turning Tides Psychology, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Turning Tides Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Whether you have been experiencing difficulties with your mental health for many years, or whether you are going through a challenging situation at the present time, our experienced psychologists can help you to find a way forward. Our psychologists are qualified in working with common mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression & trauma. We also specialise in working with long term health conditions and adjustment. We use a variety of therapeutic approaches and will work with you to find the right approach for your individual needs. We provide face to face appointments in Newcastle or online appointments.
Whether you have been experiencing difficulties with your mental health for many years, or whether you are going through a challenging situation at the present time, our experienced psychologists can help you to find a way forward. Our psychologists are qualified in working with common mental health difficulties such as anxiety, depression & trauma. We also specialise in working with long term health conditions and adjustment. We use a variety of therapeutic approaches and will work with you to find the right approach for your individual needs. We provide face to face appointments in Newcastle or online appointments.
0191 743 0605 View 0191 743 0605
Photo of Catherine Harris, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Catherine Harris
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, I'm Catherine. I am a fully qualified, UKCP registered Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I consider myself to be compassionate, humble and non-judgemental. I work relationally, tailoring the therapy to your individual needs. I understand that life can present various challenges and that seeking help can be a daunting step. I offer a supportive, safe and confidential environment for you to explore your thoughts and feelings. My hope is for you to feel safe, heard, understood and empowered to make decisions.
Hello, I'm Catherine. I am a fully qualified, UKCP registered Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I consider myself to be compassionate, humble and non-judgemental. I work relationally, tailoring the therapy to your individual needs. I understand that life can present various challenges and that seeking help can be a daunting step. I offer a supportive, safe and confidential environment for you to explore your thoughts and feelings. My hope is for you to feel safe, heard, understood and empowered to make decisions.
01765 530592 View 01765 530592
Photo of Karen McCann, Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
Karen McCann
Psychotherapist, MSc, BACP
2 Endorsed
I'm Karen McCann, a qualified integrative counsellor and psychotherapist. In-person sessions are in the TS19 area, online is available countrywide. Safety, respect and confidentiality are core values I hold. The goal is to help you grow from your struggles, understand yourself, your past and your relationships better and move forward to where you want to be in your life. Many individuals can experience physical symptoms associated with painful, uncomfortable and traumatic circumstances. Through a safe partnership, we can understand and help you process the internal and external pain, anxiety, addiction or relationship issues.
I'm Karen McCann, a qualified integrative counsellor and psychotherapist. In-person sessions are in the TS19 area, online is available countrywide. Safety, respect and confidentiality are core values I hold. The goal is to help you grow from your struggles, understand yourself, your past and your relationships better and move forward to where you want to be in your life. Many individuals can experience physical symptoms associated with painful, uncomfortable and traumatic circumstances. Through a safe partnership, we can understand and help you process the internal and external pain, anxiety, addiction or relationship issues.
01487 802968 View 01487 802968
Photo of Isla Collinge, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Isla Collinge
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I'm Isla, I am a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapeutic counsellor working both face to face and online. Choosing a therapist can be difficult so I suggest an initial call to discuss your needs and expectations. I work with people who are seeking support and change, this could be for a variety of reasons but ultimately, if the challenges of life have become overwhelming, talking therapy is a good start. As a warm and empathetic therapist, I create a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace.
I'm Isla, I am a highly trained and experienced Psychotherapeutic counsellor working both face to face and online. Choosing a therapist can be difficult so I suggest an initial call to discuss your needs and expectations. I work with people who are seeking support and change, this could be for a variety of reasons but ultimately, if the challenges of life have become overwhelming, talking therapy is a good start. As a warm and empathetic therapist, I create a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace.
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Photo of Dr Christina Jane Shahabeddin, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Christina Jane Shahabeddin
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Hi, I'm Christina. As a clinical psychologist with over 10 years of post qualification experience, I offer a personal, individual, integrative approach to evidence based therapy for a wide range of psychological, emotional or behavioural difficulties. I use models including EMDR, CBT, Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), for difficulties including Trauma and PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, low self esteem, insomnia, pregnancy and birth related complications or trauma.
Hi, I'm Christina. As a clinical psychologist with over 10 years of post qualification experience, I offer a personal, individual, integrative approach to evidence based therapy for a wide range of psychological, emotional or behavioural difficulties. I use models including EMDR, CBT, Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), for difficulties including Trauma and PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, low self esteem, insomnia, pregnancy and birth related complications or trauma.
0191 743 0261 View 0191 743 0261

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in TS21

10+

Average cost per session

£52

Counsellors in TS21 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
91% Depression
91% Stress
82% Relationship Issues
73% Bereavement
73% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
80% AXA PPP
60% Bupa

How Counsellors in TS21 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in TS21?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.