Trauma and PTSD Therapists in Hyde Park, VT

Photo of Mari Nazzaro, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hyde Park, VT
Mari Nazzaro
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hyde Park, VT 05655
My strengths lie in supporting adults experiencing depression, existential questions, post-traumatic stress, insecurity, identity issues, lack of purpose, systemic oppression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges.
I work with individuals and couples who wish to bring greater authenticity, meaning, depth, and awareness to their life journey. Therapy illuminates the many layers of self, allowing us to see inward with ever greater clarity. As self-knowledge deepens, so does the ability to shed versions of ourselves that no longer serve us. We move toward a life path that aligns with who we are in our core; a life of ease, fulfillment, and truth. This approach to therapy is best suited for courageous and insightful individuals who are willing to journey into the depths of the psyche, moving through both darkness and light.
My strengths lie in supporting adults experiencing depression, existential questions, post-traumatic stress, insecurity, identity issues, lack of purpose, systemic oppression, relationship issues, and parenting challenges.
I work with individuals and couples who wish to bring greater authenticity, meaning, depth, and awareness to their life journey. Therapy illuminates the many layers of self, allowing us to see inward with ever greater clarity. As self-knowledge deepens, so does the ability to shed versions of ourselves that no longer serve us. We move toward a life path that aligns with who we are in our core; a life of ease, fulfillment, and truth. This approach to therapy is best suited for courageous and insightful individuals who are willing to journey into the depths of the psyche, moving through both darkness and light.
(802) 300-3051 View (802) 300-3051
Photo of Christopher Player, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Christopher Player
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hyde Park, VT 05655
I utilize a client centered approach- talk therapy- with a goal of providing clients an opportunity to develop an improved sense of self. With heightened self awareness, clients can realize how their attitudes, feelings, and behaviors are being negatively affected by their current mental health. Trauma and DBT informed, my practice philosophy is to work collaboratively with clients to develop an understanding of the presenting problems and to find strategies to cope and improve their lives. My work focuses on emotional, cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques.
I utilize a client centered approach- talk therapy- with a goal of providing clients an opportunity to develop an improved sense of self. With heightened self awareness, clients can realize how their attitudes, feelings, and behaviors are being negatively affected by their current mental health. Trauma and DBT informed, my practice philosophy is to work collaboratively with clients to develop an understanding of the presenting problems and to find strategies to cope and improve their lives. My work focuses on emotional, cognitive and behavioral therapy techniques.
(802) 521-2408 View (802) 521-2408
Photo of Peter S Gerson, Psychologist in Hyde Park, VT
Peter S Gerson
Psychologist, MA, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hyde Park, VT 05655
I work with Young Children (age 8+), Adolescents, Adults, and Parents. I provide therapeutic interventions addressing issues including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, acting out behaviors, divorce/separation, grief, attachment issues, frustration tolerance issues, Trauma/PTSD, Parenting/Family conflict, relationship problems, school phobia, developmental problems, and adolescent issues. I offer play therapy for children, and psychoanalytically informed talk therapy for teens and adults. I believe that parents are a crucial part of any therapy with a child and ask that parents are actively involved in the process.
I work with Young Children (age 8+), Adolescents, Adults, and Parents. I provide therapeutic interventions addressing issues including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, acting out behaviors, divorce/separation, grief, attachment issues, frustration tolerance issues, Trauma/PTSD, Parenting/Family conflict, relationship problems, school phobia, developmental problems, and adolescent issues. I offer play therapy for children, and psychoanalytically informed talk therapy for teens and adults. I believe that parents are a crucial part of any therapy with a child and ask that parents are actively involved in the process.
(802) 888-6111 View (802) 888-6111
Photo of Jennifer M. Donohue, M.A., LCMHC, CLC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Jennifer M. Donohue, M.A., LCMHC, CLC
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, CLC
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, VT 05655  (Online Only)
Areas of Focus: Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, PTSD, Grief/Loss, PDD, BiPolar.
I am committed to effect change through the process of psychotherapy using a direct, reality based approach. Although I draw from many different therapeutic modalities, my theoretical orientation is consistent with cognitive-behavioral theories. I believe social learning, modeling, and reinforcement all play a significant role in how ones personality developes, how one thinks, behaves, & feels as they get older. I believe refuting negative and irrational thinking will likely increase healthy feelings and behaviors that will greatly impact ones overall wellbeing. I believe that effective communication is the key to building healthy relationships, rebuilding severed relationships, & strengthening present ones.
Areas of Focus: Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, PTSD, Grief/Loss, PDD, BiPolar.
I am committed to effect change through the process of psychotherapy using a direct, reality based approach. Although I draw from many different therapeutic modalities, my theoretical orientation is consistent with cognitive-behavioral theories. I believe social learning, modeling, and reinforcement all play a significant role in how ones personality developes, how one thinks, behaves, & feels as they get older. I believe refuting negative and irrational thinking will likely increase healthy feelings and behaviors that will greatly impact ones overall wellbeing. I believe that effective communication is the key to building healthy relationships, rebuilding severed relationships, & strengthening present ones.
(802) 458-0474 View (802) 458-0474
Photo of Ian Turkle, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Ian Turkle
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Hyde Park, VT 05655
Not accepting new clients
I work with people who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and PTSD.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor with 20 years of clinical experience. I am currently a member of the Green River Guild in Hyde Park, VT. In my practice, I like to create a therapeutic setting in which clients can discover for themselves the answers and solutions they have been looking for. I believe that people have the adaptive information inside them to grow beyond their problems, they have the power to feel better, and that they can create the lives of their own choosing.
I work with people who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and PTSD.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor with 20 years of clinical experience. I am currently a member of the Green River Guild in Hyde Park, VT. In my practice, I like to create a therapeutic setting in which clients can discover for themselves the answers and solutions they have been looking for. I believe that people have the adaptive information inside them to grow beyond their problems, they have the power to feel better, and that they can create the lives of their own choosing.
(802) 523-3526 View (802) 523-3526

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Randy J. Bulpin Counseling and Supervision, Licensed Professional Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Randy J. Bulpin Counseling and Supervision
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661
Waitlist for new clients
My practice is based on the premise that the relationship is key to emotional wellbeing. Life experiences and especially trauma can lead us to distort our interpretations of both our internal and external worlds. My counseling experience began in 2007 working with young people with extensive social, emotional, and behavioral needs. This inevitably raised my awareness of the importance of the family and related support systems. I spent much of my life as a professional musician and have been able to use music in my therapeutic work, supporting the development and maintenance of sharing, self-regulation, and effective communication.
My practice is based on the premise that the relationship is key to emotional wellbeing. Life experiences and especially trauma can lead us to distort our interpretations of both our internal and external worlds. My counseling experience began in 2007 working with young people with extensive social, emotional, and behavioral needs. This inevitably raised my awareness of the importance of the family and related support systems. I spent much of my life as a professional musician and have been able to use music in my therapeutic work, supporting the development and maintenance of sharing, self-regulation, and effective communication.
(802) 242-8413 View (802) 242-8413
Photo of Mya Potts, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hyde Park, VT
Mya Potts
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wolcott, VT 05680
I have worked in the mental health field for over 15 years in a variety of roles. I have been practicing for 3 years with a focus on bipolar, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia-type conditions. I have a passion to work with individual with PTSD.
I have worked in the mental health field for over 15 years in a variety of roles. I have been practicing for 3 years with a focus on bipolar, anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia-type conditions. I have a passion to work with individual with PTSD.
(802) 725-2668 View (802) 725-2668
Photo of Sharon Elayne Volansky-Gerard, Psychologist in Hyde Park, VT
Sharon Elayne Volansky-Gerard
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661
Working with trauma survivors is extremely rewarding in that the opportunities for change is great.
I am a Licensed Psychologist Master with over thirty years experience in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Depression, anxiety, or just a sense of life feeling less than what it could be, may be signs of childhood abuse or neglect. I help people navigate the sometimes choppy waters from their past in order to be fully living in the present. I am trained by Pia Melody in Post Induction Therapy for addressing the effects of codependence: low self esteem, impaired boundaries, knowing who you are , and difficulties with self care. Trauma creates addictions creates relational problems.
Working with trauma survivors is extremely rewarding in that the opportunities for change is great.
I am a Licensed Psychologist Master with over thirty years experience in working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and neglect. Depression, anxiety, or just a sense of life feeling less than what it could be, may be signs of childhood abuse or neglect. I help people navigate the sometimes choppy waters from their past in order to be fully living in the present. I am trained by Pia Melody in Post Induction Therapy for addressing the effects of codependence: low self esteem, impaired boundaries, knowing who you are , and difficulties with self care. Trauma creates addictions creates relational problems.
(802) 277-3672 View (802) 277-3672
Photo of Liza Ryan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hyde Park, VT
Liza Ryan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, CRC
Verified Verified
Johnson, VT 05656  (Online Only)
Welcome! Green Peaks Counseling works with clients who present with symptoms related to Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Substance Use Disorder/Alcohol Use Disorder. My practice's approach is person centered and I believe in working towards building a strong therapeutic alliance in order to build trust and predictability within a therapeutic relationship. My practice promotes the concept of harm reduction and strongly encourages multiple paths to recovery.
Welcome! Green Peaks Counseling works with clients who present with symptoms related to Trauma, Depression, Anxiety, Substance Use Disorder/Alcohol Use Disorder. My practice's approach is person centered and I believe in working towards building a strong therapeutic alliance in order to build trust and predictability within a therapeutic relationship. My practice promotes the concept of harm reduction and strongly encourages multiple paths to recovery.
(802) 880-8554 View (802) 880-8554
Photo of Cecile Leriche, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Cecile Leriche
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Using Transpersonal, CBT, Jungian and Mindful approaches we will explore the human psyche and the imprint of wounds, suffering and trauma.
I believe losing touch with our life purpose can lead to depression, anxiety, mood imbalances, and disconnection to Self. By utilizing talk therapy, goals and embracing the here and now, we have opportunities to reach for and reconnect with healing spirit, opening a portal in which one resolves the obstacles holding us back; This journey facilitates access to a path of self discovery of the deeper meaning and gifts we hold in life. Like an onion, peeling away limiting layers of self-beliefs and the attending reactivity to those beliefs, one can foster deeper awareness of life experience, and a renewal of our sense of purpose.
Using Transpersonal, CBT, Jungian and Mindful approaches we will explore the human psyche and the imprint of wounds, suffering and trauma.
I believe losing touch with our life purpose can lead to depression, anxiety, mood imbalances, and disconnection to Self. By utilizing talk therapy, goals and embracing the here and now, we have opportunities to reach for and reconnect with healing spirit, opening a portal in which one resolves the obstacles holding us back; This journey facilitates access to a path of self discovery of the deeper meaning and gifts we hold in life. Like an onion, peeling away limiting layers of self-beliefs and the attending reactivity to those beliefs, one can foster deeper awareness of life experience, and a renewal of our sense of purpose.
(802) 454-3077 View (802) 454-3077
Photo of Talaia Thomas, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Talaia Thomas
Counselor, LCMHC, MA, QMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Morrisville, VT 05661
My counseling approach is both practical and realistic, provided in a relaxed atmosphere. I work with adults, children, and families interested and willing to make necessary changes in their lives. I've also incorporated pets into my practice, as research has proven the use of pets in counseling reduces stress and elevates mood. Areas of treatment include depression, anxiety, PTSD, behavioral issues, identity concerns, relationship difficulties, crisis consultation, etc.
My counseling approach is both practical and realistic, provided in a relaxed atmosphere. I work with adults, children, and families interested and willing to make necessary changes in their lives. I've also incorporated pets into my practice, as research has proven the use of pets in counseling reduces stress and elevates mood. Areas of treatment include depression, anxiety, PTSD, behavioral issues, identity concerns, relationship difficulties, crisis consultation, etc.
(802) 772-0404 View (802) 772-0404
Photo of Cherise Renee Boutin, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Cherise Renee Boutin
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Morrisville, VT 05661
Waitlist for new clients
In our journeys through life we experience both pleasurable and distressing events. When these events reach a level of trauma and are not processed or effectively integrated, individuals may rely on less adaptive strategies to manage discomfort, stress and change. These strategies can negatively influence the way we perceive and interact with the world and affect our intuitive nature and our intentionality for seeking meaning and experiencing joy. My practice is informed by a deeply attuned and heartfelt approach to my client’s emotional wellbeing. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, individuals, couples and families.
In our journeys through life we experience both pleasurable and distressing events. When these events reach a level of trauma and are not processed or effectively integrated, individuals may rely on less adaptive strategies to manage discomfort, stress and change. These strategies can negatively influence the way we perceive and interact with the world and affect our intuitive nature and our intentionality for seeking meaning and experiencing joy. My practice is informed by a deeply attuned and heartfelt approach to my client’s emotional wellbeing. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, individuals, couples and families.
(802) 536-8020 View (802) 536-8020
Photo of Timothy Ricciardello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hyde Park, VT
Timothy Ricciardello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661
Life is complicated. Our history, experiences and trauma affect not only who we are but also how we interact with the world. Whether you are struggling with childhood memories, recent trauma or simply trying to find solutions to balance out life, we can process them together. Therapy is about going deep, processing the wounds that affect us and integrating them into our current selves in order to live productively and meaningfully in the world.
Life is complicated. Our history, experiences and trauma affect not only who we are but also how we interact with the world. Whether you are struggling with childhood memories, recent trauma or simply trying to find solutions to balance out life, we can process them together. Therapy is about going deep, processing the wounds that affect us and integrating them into our current selves in order to live productively and meaningfully in the world.
(517) 468-6887 View (517) 468-6887
Photo of Mark A Ferriman, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Mark A Ferriman
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661
Today, you have taken an important first step by seeking therapeutic support for the challenges you are facing. Life is a wonderful journey. Though rewarding, sometimes life presents us with situations that can be difficult, overwhelming, stressful and sometimes traumatic. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (CBT) is evidenced based and proven to help with trauma, anxiety, family, relationships, work, financial, grief, loss or addiction. My name is Mark Ferriman, Let me help you overcome these challenges through the process of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Today, you have taken an important first step by seeking therapeutic support for the challenges you are facing. Life is a wonderful journey. Though rewarding, sometimes life presents us with situations that can be difficult, overwhelming, stressful and sometimes traumatic. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (CBT) is evidenced based and proven to help with trauma, anxiety, family, relationships, work, financial, grief, loss or addiction. My name is Mark Ferriman, Let me help you overcome these challenges through the process of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(802) 278-4509 View (802) 278-4509
Photo of Lisa Louise Daniels, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Lisa Louise Daniels
Counselor, MA , LCMHC
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661  (Online Only)
I have spent most of my career working with clients who have experienced trauma, sexual abuse, anxiety, and depression.
Greetings! My approach is client- centered; I work to build a positive, trusting relationship that focuses on your concerns and goals. I believe that our positive and negative thoughts often control or motivate our behaviors and feelings. if we can learn to question and change our negative thoughts, we can then start to shift our feelings and behaviors towards more positive outcomes.
I have spent most of my career working with clients who have experienced trauma, sexual abuse, anxiety, and depression.
Greetings! My approach is client- centered; I work to build a positive, trusting relationship that focuses on your concerns and goals. I believe that our positive and negative thoughts often control or motivate our behaviors and feelings. if we can learn to question and change our negative thoughts, we can then start to shift our feelings and behaviors towards more positive outcomes.
(802) 851-5167 View (802) 851-5167
Photo of Steven Lilly, Registered Psychotherapist in Hyde Park, VT
Steven Lilly
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Jeffersonville, VT 05464  (Online Only)
For clients struggling with trauma, I can support the integration of experiences and help clients move towards growth and connection.
I am excited that you are stopping by on your way to find a therapist. A therapist that can hold space unconditionally while also bringing clarity to life situations is a profound gift. I believe that people are naturally oriented to grow, heal, and experience love and connection. However, folks usually seek therapy during or after difficult events, when the ground has disappeared. In therapy with me you will have a safe and spacious environment to examine your experience actively and intentionally take part in your growth and healing.
For clients struggling with trauma, I can support the integration of experiences and help clients move towards growth and connection.
I am excited that you are stopping by on your way to find a therapist. A therapist that can hold space unconditionally while also bringing clarity to life situations is a profound gift. I believe that people are naturally oriented to grow, heal, and experience love and connection. However, folks usually seek therapy during or after difficult events, when the ground has disappeared. In therapy with me you will have a safe and spacious environment to examine your experience actively and intentionally take part in your growth and healing.
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Photo of Sara Levine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hyde Park, VT
Sara Levine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661  (Online Only)
I believe working through issues can help us manifest the life we want. Whatever struggles we experience, there is opportunity for growth and change, and we are not defined by our past. I use a collaborative process to help my clients navigate what is getting in the way of their goals and living their best life. I treat a variety of issues and needs. This includes: depression, anxiety, relationship and self-esteem problems, mood disorders, trauma, grief, loss, life changes, adjustment, transitions, and individuals and families navigating medical illnesses and end of life care.
I believe working through issues can help us manifest the life we want. Whatever struggles we experience, there is opportunity for growth and change, and we are not defined by our past. I use a collaborative process to help my clients navigate what is getting in the way of their goals and living their best life. I treat a variety of issues and needs. This includes: depression, anxiety, relationship and self-esteem problems, mood disorders, trauma, grief, loss, life changes, adjustment, transitions, and individuals and families navigating medical illnesses and end of life care.
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Photo of Stuart Senghas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hyde Park, VT
Stuart Senghas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISCW
Verified Verified
Morrisville, VT 05661  (Online Only)
As humans, we have amazing resiliency and the continual possibility for growth, change, and self-learning. Personal change happens through a journey of discovery and it is my belief that you already have what is needed to make the changes you want to occur in your life. It is my goal to provide a supportive and safe place for us to work on understanding and resolving issues and patterns within your life so you achieve a more positive life experience. I work with individuals who are experiencing stress, adjustment issues, depression, trauma, relationship challenges and other difficulties.
As humans, we have amazing resiliency and the continual possibility for growth, change, and self-learning. Personal change happens through a journey of discovery and it is my belief that you already have what is needed to make the changes you want to occur in your life. It is my goal to provide a supportive and safe place for us to work on understanding and resolving issues and patterns within your life so you achieve a more positive life experience. I work with individuals who are experiencing stress, adjustment issues, depression, trauma, relationship challenges and other difficulties.
(802) 992-8159 View (802) 992-8159
Photo of Jonna Tufts, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Jonna Tufts
Counselor, MA, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wolcott, VT 05680  (Online Only)
I also bring 20 years of experience in the field into a trauma-informed tailored approach.
It takes courage to reckon with some of the most private, honest, scary, and hopeful places within you. Effective support during these times can be transformational. You may want to discover new ways of being in the world, your skin, and your life that feel authentic, and alive. Or, you may be wanting relief from painful relationship patterns, anger, grief, fear, self-criticism, “stuckness” or addiction. My clients often find my approach feels both comfortable and challenging, and facilitates greater self-love and empowerment. I hold a license in Mental Health Counseling, CAGS in Expressive Arts, and am IFS trained.
I also bring 20 years of experience in the field into a trauma-informed tailored approach.
It takes courage to reckon with some of the most private, honest, scary, and hopeful places within you. Effective support during these times can be transformational. You may want to discover new ways of being in the world, your skin, and your life that feel authentic, and alive. Or, you may be wanting relief from painful relationship patterns, anger, grief, fear, self-criticism, “stuckness” or addiction. My clients often find my approach feels both comfortable and challenging, and facilitates greater self-love and empowerment. I hold a license in Mental Health Counseling, CAGS in Expressive Arts, and am IFS trained.
(617) 899-0418 View (617) 899-0418
Photo of Lauren Collier, Counselor in Hyde Park, VT
Lauren Collier
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Morristown, VT 05661
I specialize in emotional regulation strategies, Complex Developmental Trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of low self-esteem.
My mission is to inspire others through dignity, respect, acceptance, and empathy. I work collaboratively to find solutions, gain insights, and offer support to effect positive change and outcomes. We will work together to learn and implement strategies for relaxation, stress and anxiety reduction, lessen depressive tendencies, process past trauma, and regulate emotions.
I specialize in emotional regulation strategies, Complex Developmental Trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of low self-esteem.
My mission is to inspire others through dignity, respect, acceptance, and empathy. I work collaboratively to find solutions, gain insights, and offer support to effect positive change and outcomes. We will work together to learn and implement strategies for relaxation, stress and anxiety reduction, lessen depressive tendencies, process past trauma, and regulate emotions.
(802) 449-0211 View (802) 449-0211

See more therapy options for Hyde Park

Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.