Therapists in Bay Shore, NY

Photo of Nikita Dow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Nikita Dow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker in New York with over ten years of experience working as a therapist and life coach. I have worked with clients with various concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, and ADHD. I have worked with adolescents, couples, and families. I enjoy getting to the heart of the situation, and I am not afraid to address the “elephant in the room.”
I am a licensed clinical social worker in New York with over ten years of experience working as a therapist and life coach. I have worked with clients with various concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, and ADHD. I have worked with adolescents, couples, and families. I enjoy getting to the heart of the situation, and I am not afraid to address the “elephant in the room.”
(631) 837-2210 View (631) 837-2210
Photo of Laura Asner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Laura Asner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706
Leader in Teletherapy. Feeling Overwhelmed? Looking for someone who can truly understand you? When you meet the right therapist you will know in the first minute. Your concerns are my priority. Call me to discuss your thoughts and feelings without any obligation. I am here for you and with a number of well qualified associates, you will be able to schedule a session asap.
Leader in Teletherapy. Feeling Overwhelmed? Looking for someone who can truly understand you? When you meet the right therapist you will know in the first minute. Your concerns are my priority. Call me to discuss your thoughts and feelings without any obligation. I am here for you and with a number of well qualified associates, you will be able to schedule a session asap.
(631) 651-1596 View (631) 651-1596
Photo of Alisa A Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Alisa A Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
I provide a caring and welcoming environment for my clients, while offering a sense of warmth and empathy. Each session is focused on the key elements of self expression and healthy forms of communication. Clients are free to explore their emotions and learn how to use coping strategies to improve their quality of life. Creating a positive therapeutic bond with my clients allows me to work effectively with clients when exploring barriers that stand in their way of reaching their goals and full potential.
I provide a caring and welcoming environment for my clients, while offering a sense of warmth and empathy. Each session is focused on the key elements of self expression and healthy forms of communication. Clients are free to explore their emotions and learn how to use coping strategies to improve their quality of life. Creating a positive therapeutic bond with my clients allows me to work effectively with clients when exploring barriers that stand in their way of reaching their goals and full potential.
(631) 449-7089 View (631) 449-7089
Photo of Meghan Mcleod LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Meghan Mcleod LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Intrusive thoughts, negative thinking, fear. Anxiety, pressure, control. If this sounds like you, it can sometimes feel like things will never get better. It can. You can manage intrusive thoughts. You can live without fear. Life can be better. Together we can reduce some of that pressure, and relinquish some of the control. We can work together to help change negative thinking and ease your anxiety.
Intrusive thoughts, negative thinking, fear. Anxiety, pressure, control. If this sounds like you, it can sometimes feel like things will never get better. It can. You can manage intrusive thoughts. You can live without fear. Life can be better. Together we can reduce some of that pressure, and relinquish some of the control. We can work together to help change negative thinking and ease your anxiety.
(631) 919-4859 View (631) 919-4859
Photo of Susan Marie Horvatits, Counselor in Bay Shore, NY
Susan Marie Horvatits
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, NYSCPS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
The most integral aspect of counseling is coming from a person centered, peer and trauma informed focus that is collaborative and culturally sensitive, meaning, providing you with the autonomy and agency to decide what coping skills, care, and approach is best suited for you. Working as a team is imperative in order for each session to feel like a conversation and not something purely clinical. Providing you with resources you need and desire, along with actively listening, being empathic, and present, creates the ideal atmosphere for healing. It is my honor and privilege to be of assistance to you.
The most integral aspect of counseling is coming from a person centered, peer and trauma informed focus that is collaborative and culturally sensitive, meaning, providing you with the autonomy and agency to decide what coping skills, care, and approach is best suited for you. Working as a team is imperative in order for each session to feel like a conversation and not something purely clinical. Providing you with resources you need and desire, along with actively listening, being empathic, and present, creates the ideal atmosphere for healing. It is my honor and privilege to be of assistance to you.
(631) 405-7043 View (631) 405-7043
Photo of Christina D'Alessandro, Counselor in Bay Shore, NY
Christina D'Alessandro
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
Do you struggle with every day stress, anxiety, or OCD? Do you experience episodes of depression or low self-esteem? Is it difficult to control your impulses? Could you benefit from assertiveness training? Are you struggling to make time to practice self-care? Are you looking to set goals and change your life, but don't know where to get started? If the answer is yes to any of these then I can help!
Do you struggle with every day stress, anxiety, or OCD? Do you experience episodes of depression or low self-esteem? Is it difficult to control your impulses? Could you benefit from assertiveness training? Are you struggling to make time to practice self-care? Are you looking to set goals and change your life, but don't know where to get started? If the answer is yes to any of these then I can help!
(631) 206-5952 View (631) 206-5952
Photo of Heather Kramer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Heather Kramer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CASAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706
I know how hard it can be to start this new chapter of your life with a stranger and commend you on taking the next steps in working towards your goal. It is my mission to offer a safe place to support and guide you on your personal journey of growth and healing. I provided in office or on-line individual sessions assisting with exploring and processing all areas of your life that have left you unsettled and or dealing with emotions that may be interfering in your day to day. It is my goal to help you learn how to improve your quality of life and feel comfortable in your space.
I know how hard it can be to start this new chapter of your life with a stranger and commend you on taking the next steps in working towards your goal. It is my mission to offer a safe place to support and guide you on your personal journey of growth and healing. I provided in office or on-line individual sessions assisting with exploring and processing all areas of your life that have left you unsettled and or dealing with emotions that may be interfering in your day to day. It is my goal to help you learn how to improve your quality of life and feel comfortable in your space.
(631) 956-8622 View (631) 956-8622
Photo of Helen Perez-Boyd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Helen Perez-Boyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My focus is helping individuals recover and discover pathways to understanding, loving, and emotionally-attuned communication. We will talk about strategies to cope with difficult feelings such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The main goal is to develop a structure of online counseling, that works best for you. We will work together to create a therapeutic alliance that is specific to your needs, which can heal and transform your relationship with yourself, in and out of therapy.
My focus is helping individuals recover and discover pathways to understanding, loving, and emotionally-attuned communication. We will talk about strategies to cope with difficult feelings such as stress, anxiety, and depression. The main goal is to develop a structure of online counseling, that works best for you. We will work together to create a therapeutic alliance that is specific to your needs, which can heal and transform your relationship with yourself, in and out of therapy.
(631) 683-3158 View (631) 683-3158
Photo of Lianne E. Conroy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Lianne E. Conroy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
Throughout my years of clinical experience, I have worked with child, adolescent, and adult populations. I have worked in school, hospital and private practice settings which has led to an expertise in crisis intervention, learning/emotional disorders, risk assessment, interpersonal difficulties, depression, anxiety, and other pertinent issues of adolescence and adulthood. I utilize my training in DBT and CBT to teach essential skills to the client to help navigate difficult feelings, experiences, and relationships. Through this work together, one learns how to manage difficulties in a warm and nonjudgmental environment.
Throughout my years of clinical experience, I have worked with child, adolescent, and adult populations. I have worked in school, hospital and private practice settings which has led to an expertise in crisis intervention, learning/emotional disorders, risk assessment, interpersonal difficulties, depression, anxiety, and other pertinent issues of adolescence and adulthood. I utilize my training in DBT and CBT to teach essential skills to the client to help navigate difficult feelings, experiences, and relationships. Through this work together, one learns how to manage difficulties in a warm and nonjudgmental environment.
(631) 505-1087 View (631) 505-1087
Photo of Grace Polanco in Bay Shore, NY
Grace Polanco
LMHC, NCC, CASAC-t
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
As your therapist, I create a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere to bring comfort in expressing your thoughts and feelings. Gaining a deeper understanding of oneself in a positive environment promotes growth, change and emotional well being. My aim is to hold space for all the parts of your inner world, and to collaboratively reflect on the thoughts, behaviors and beliefs that no longer serve you. As a trauma informed clinician, our sessions will explore how past experiences have shaped the way you view life, including the habits and behaviors that you feel are holding you back. Together we can explore ways to heal.
As your therapist, I create a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere to bring comfort in expressing your thoughts and feelings. Gaining a deeper understanding of oneself in a positive environment promotes growth, change and emotional well being. My aim is to hold space for all the parts of your inner world, and to collaboratively reflect on the thoughts, behaviors and beliefs that no longer serve you. As a trauma informed clinician, our sessions will explore how past experiences have shaped the way you view life, including the habits and behaviors that you feel are holding you back. Together we can explore ways to heal.
(516) 271-1433 View (516) 271-1433
Photo of Elsy Martinez, Counselor in Bay Shore, NY
Elsy Martinez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I have been in the field of mental health for over 10 years and provide ongoing individual, couples and family counseling.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents and adults. I have been in the field of mental health for over 10 years and provide ongoing individual, couples and family counseling.
(631) 212-0339 View (631) 212-0339
Photo of Michael Patrick Miller in Bay Shore, NY
Michael Patrick Miller
MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
In a general sense, my ideal client to work with is someone who is interested in growing as a person, and finding a life that works for them and their needs. In this changing world, we all need to embrace moments of honest reflection, and having this as a goal goes a long way towards approaching the life we want. When it comes to families and couples, my ideal client is one who realizes that "staying the course" isn't working anymore - and that winning the argument isn't worth the arguing.
In a general sense, my ideal client to work with is someone who is interested in growing as a person, and finding a life that works for them and their needs. In this changing world, we all need to embrace moments of honest reflection, and having this as a goal goes a long way towards approaching the life we want. When it comes to families and couples, my ideal client is one who realizes that "staying the course" isn't working anymore - and that winning the argument isn't worth the arguing.
(631) 856-7389 View (631) 856-7389
Photo of Your Therapist, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Your Therapist, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CASAC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
Kudos to you! It takes such strength to acknowledge and respond to your needs and therapy is an incredibly effective way of gaining insight to promote self growth and achieve happiness. Our behaviors and day to day interactions with the world and the people in it, as well as how we feel about it, are based on a series of different parts; our thoughts, our experiences and our life events. My aim is to help you navigate difficult events, repair unhealthy interactions and get to the root of the issue; reframing unproductive thoughts and negative experiences so it is no longer hindering and you can become a better you.
Kudos to you! It takes such strength to acknowledge and respond to your needs and therapy is an incredibly effective way of gaining insight to promote self growth and achieve happiness. Our behaviors and day to day interactions with the world and the people in it, as well as how we feel about it, are based on a series of different parts; our thoughts, our experiences and our life events. My aim is to help you navigate difficult events, repair unhealthy interactions and get to the root of the issue; reframing unproductive thoughts and negative experiences so it is no longer hindering and you can become a better you.
(516) 473-0389 View (516) 473-0389
Photo of Shinelle Ramkissoon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Shinelle Ramkissoon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
Are you going through a difficult time? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that can help you navigate through these uncertain times.  In my experience over the years, I have worked with adults, young adults and adolescents who are dealing with Anxiety, Depression, relationship issues and a history of trauma. I use research based psychotherapy techniques such as EMDR and CBT to help manage symptoms. My approach is to meet you where you are at in a safe, non-judgemental environment and create individual goals that would improve your overall wellness.  I know that taking this first step can be scary but it might be worth it.
Are you going through a difficult time? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that can help you navigate through these uncertain times.  In my experience over the years, I have worked with adults, young adults and adolescents who are dealing with Anxiety, Depression, relationship issues and a history of trauma. I use research based psychotherapy techniques such as EMDR and CBT to help manage symptoms. My approach is to meet you where you are at in a safe, non-judgemental environment and create individual goals that would improve your overall wellness.  I know that taking this first step can be scary but it might be worth it.
(516) 928-6358 View (516) 928-6358
Photo of Advanced Counseling Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Advanced Counseling Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
Our top priority is your care and privacy. We are not a clinic setting, rather our boutique office is designed to provide a serene and personal atmosphere for you to fully engage in the therapeutic process.
Our top priority is your care and privacy. We are not a clinic setting, rather our boutique office is designed to provide a serene and personal atmosphere for you to fully engage in the therapeutic process.
(631) 206-5355 View (631) 206-5355
Dr. Bernadette Marson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, ACSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
We all face different challenges and obstacles in our lives - stress, separation, divorce, health, relationship, death, financial, problems on the job and at school, childhood sexual abuse, anxiety, depression, poor academic performance and many others. We feel that we are strong enough to handle things, yet we can't. Life no longer feels worthwhile. Learn new ways to effectively deal with the challenges in your life that can give you back something priceless - the ability to enjoy your life.
We all face different challenges and obstacles in our lives - stress, separation, divorce, health, relationship, death, financial, problems on the job and at school, childhood sexual abuse, anxiety, depression, poor academic performance and many others. We feel that we are strong enough to handle things, yet we can't. Life no longer feels worthwhile. Learn new ways to effectively deal with the challenges in your life that can give you back something priceless - the ability to enjoy your life.
(631) 657-7066 View (631) 657-7066
Photo of Letitia Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Letitia Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706
There are many obstacles and challenges in life that individuals face and work on overcoming. I provide a supportive and safe environment, where my client's are free to explore all aspects of self. Psychotherapy will help you to identify and understand what makes you feel happy, sad, anxious, emotional and together we will work on assisting you in coping with difficult life situations. If you do not see your insurance listed on this site, do not worry, I have affordable rates, because I do not feel that finances should stand in anyones way of getting treatment.
There are many obstacles and challenges in life that individuals face and work on overcoming. I provide a supportive and safe environment, where my client's are free to explore all aspects of self. Psychotherapy will help you to identify and understand what makes you feel happy, sad, anxious, emotional and together we will work on assisting you in coping with difficult life situations. If you do not see your insurance listed on this site, do not worry, I have affordable rates, because I do not feel that finances should stand in anyones way of getting treatment.
(516) 537-9725 View (516) 537-9725
Courtney Teska
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
I know how difficult it is to choose to reach out for help and I am glad you’re here. Finding a safe and accepting place to explore our thoughts and feelings can allow us to gain new insight into what we truly want and need. I am a clinically trained and experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been supporting and guiding teenagers and adults for several years. I have worked with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, self-worth, childhood trauma, relationship issues, life transitions, as well as overwhelming everyday stress to help them find self-compassion and empower them to create change.
I know how difficult it is to choose to reach out for help and I am glad you’re here. Finding a safe and accepting place to explore our thoughts and feelings can allow us to gain new insight into what we truly want and need. I am a clinically trained and experienced Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been supporting and guiding teenagers and adults for several years. I have worked with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, self-worth, childhood trauma, relationship issues, life transitions, as well as overwhelming everyday stress to help them find self-compassion and empower them to create change.
(631) 772-0790 View (631) 772-0790
Photo of Jennifer M Bair, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Jennifer M Bair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
There are difficult topics you want to discuss with your partner but don’t know how. In fact, after tonight's fight, you're sitting in a separate room stewing about how they misunderstood and invalidated everything you said. It’s been difficult to set boundaries with one another. Past traumas have arisen and the memory of them is affecting your intimacy. Communication between the two of you has been a constant struggle. Even simple conversations are becoming strained. You long to find a way to resolve these things, but fear that the gap between you and your partner is growing larger by the day.
There are difficult topics you want to discuss with your partner but don’t know how. In fact, after tonight's fight, you're sitting in a separate room stewing about how they misunderstood and invalidated everything you said. It’s been difficult to set boundaries with one another. Past traumas have arisen and the memory of them is affecting your intimacy. Communication between the two of you has been a constant struggle. Even simple conversations are becoming strained. You long to find a way to resolve these things, but fear that the gap between you and your partner is growing larger by the day.
(631) 919-4510 View (631) 919-4510
Photo of Dana Legrande at Psychotherapy At Home, LCSW, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bay Shore, NY
Dana Legrande at Psychotherapy At Home, LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R, CASAC
Verified Verified
Bay Shore, NY 11706  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy At Home, LCSW, PLLC offers virtual therapy to teens, adults, and couples struggling with a variety of life issues. All therapists specialize in clinical mental health treatment. All therapists have diverse backgrounds and may use techniques such as psychodynamic work, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Family Systems Theory, DBT, and Imago Couples Therapy to facilitate healing and growth. Dana Legrande, LCSW, Alexandria Haynes, LMSW, Valeria Rivera, LMSW, Myel Hill-Hypolite, MSW-LP, Susana Solis, MHC, LP, CASAC and Jade de Saussure, MSW-LP, PhD candidate. Please feel free to email me or book directly on My Website!
Psychotherapy At Home, LCSW, PLLC offers virtual therapy to teens, adults, and couples struggling with a variety of life issues. All therapists specialize in clinical mental health treatment. All therapists have diverse backgrounds and may use techniques such as psychodynamic work, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Family Systems Theory, DBT, and Imago Couples Therapy to facilitate healing and growth. Dana Legrande, LCSW, Alexandria Haynes, LMSW, Valeria Rivera, LMSW, Myel Hill-Hypolite, MSW-LP, Susana Solis, MHC, LP, CASAC and Jade de Saussure, MSW-LP, PhD candidate. Please feel free to email me or book directly on My Website!
(631) 257-3179 View (631) 257-3179

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bay Shore, NY

70+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Bay Shore, NY who prioritize treating:

95% Depression
93% Anxiety
86% Self Esteem
80% Relationship Issues
80% Coping Skills
74% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
84% Cigna and Evernorth
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Bay Shore, NY see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

90% Female
10% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bay Shore?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.