Photo of Harold John Miller, EdD
Harold John Miller
EdD
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I use cognitive behavior therapy. It is appropriate for a wide range of conditions. I have excellent results in treating anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder and depression. I use a modified cognitive behavior therapy when treating couples. The therapy has been quite effective when treating couples. I have also been effective using hypnotherapy.
I use cognitive behavior therapy. It is appropriate for a wide range of conditions. I have excellent results in treating anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder and depression. I use a modified cognitive behavior therapy when treating couples. The therapy has been quite effective when treating couples. I have also been effective using hypnotherapy.
(717) 826-0804 View (717) 826-0804
Photo of Cynthia Kay Hodge - Cynthia K Hodge LCSW, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia K Hodge LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I work with clients suffering from CPTSD, depression or anxiety. My focus is on helping people process and move through old issues by eliminating the emotions attached to those events by using EFT or Energy Psychology which I've been using for 22 years. I believe that therapy should be a positive experience and that you should look forward to that healing process. I also use hypnosis for numerous issues.
I work with clients suffering from CPTSD, depression or anxiety. My focus is on helping people process and move through old issues by eliminating the emotions attached to those events by using EFT or Energy Psychology which I've been using for 22 years. I believe that therapy should be a positive experience and that you should look forward to that healing process. I also use hypnosis for numerous issues.
(717) 447-5454 View (717) 447-5454
Photo of Cindy L Shoemaker - Cindy L Shoemaker Counseling and Consulting, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cindy L Shoemaker Counseling and Consulting
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I have been a counselor for over 30 years, having been honored to work with clients of all ages, 18 and older, who want to learn coping skills for a variety of issues. I am skilled in working with anxiety, depression, adult high functioning Autism, clients with Lyme & other hidden diseases, ineffective pattterns of communication, codependency, & broken relationships. I welcome all gender identities, all sexual orientations, all faith practices (or none), & all cultures and racial backgrounds. I am trained in a wide variety of therapeutic techniques & value my role as a trusting listener who embraces unconditional positive regard.
I have been a counselor for over 30 years, having been honored to work with clients of all ages, 18 and older, who want to learn coping skills for a variety of issues. I am skilled in working with anxiety, depression, adult high functioning Autism, clients with Lyme & other hidden diseases, ineffective pattterns of communication, codependency, & broken relationships. I welcome all gender identities, all sexual orientations, all faith practices (or none), & all cultures and racial backgrounds. I am trained in a wide variety of therapeutic techniques & value my role as a trusting listener who embraces unconditional positive regard.
(717) 268-2464 View (717) 268-2464
Photo of Kat Loutrel, LCSW, LCSW-C, ADHD-, -CCSP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kat Loutrel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, ADHD-, -CCSP
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Nonconforming & Neurodiverse (ADHD/ASD) individuals often see themselves as "different" & "othered" and it create a lot of difficulty navigating the world. Living in a country where Ablism bias, prejudice, and discrimination is the norm, individuals often find themselves constantly battling ways to navigate intimate relationships, social groups, and institutions that are not accepting of, or made for, their uniqueness. I help these adults normalize & navigate life's complexities by creating resilience in their own Unique Stories dealing w/ Adult ADHD, relationships, LGBTQ+, religious hang-ups, sexual discomfort/dysfunction & more.
Nonconforming & Neurodiverse (ADHD/ASD) individuals often see themselves as "different" & "othered" and it create a lot of difficulty navigating the world. Living in a country where Ablism bias, prejudice, and discrimination is the norm, individuals often find themselves constantly battling ways to navigate intimate relationships, social groups, and institutions that are not accepting of, or made for, their uniqueness. I help these adults normalize & navigate life's complexities by creating resilience in their own Unique Stories dealing w/ Adult ADHD, relationships, LGBTQ+, religious hang-ups, sexual discomfort/dysfunction & more.
(223) 332-5216 View (223) 332-5216
Photo of Stephanie E. Byers, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie E. Byers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
My goal in counseling is to help individuals find healing, wholeness, and peace in the midst of life's journey. I will walk with you where you are and as you are with compassion, empathy, and without judgment or condemnation. With 26 years of clinical experience, I am equipped to offer education, coping skills, and strategies that are designed to provide you with help, encouragement, and support as you navigate life challenges and stressors. My Relational, Strength-Based approach to counseling is designed to instill hope, empowerment, and restoration for the individual, family system, and couple.
My goal in counseling is to help individuals find healing, wholeness, and peace in the midst of life's journey. I will walk with you where you are and as you are with compassion, empathy, and without judgment or condemnation. With 26 years of clinical experience, I am equipped to offer education, coping skills, and strategies that are designed to provide you with help, encouragement, and support as you navigate life challenges and stressors. My Relational, Strength-Based approach to counseling is designed to instill hope, empowerment, and restoration for the individual, family system, and couple.
(717) 707-7126 View (717) 707-7126
Photo of Deb Schooley, LPC, NCC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deb Schooley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
My mission is to provide a welcoming space for people to work on their individual goals. This can look different for everyone. For some, it's working through life changes or challenging situations. For others, they are on a journey to identify who they are and what they want in life. I believe everyone has the ability to make changes and discover things about themselves that will allow them to live the life they want. My focus is to provide a place for people to explore and learn while feeling accepted and supported.
My mission is to provide a welcoming space for people to work on their individual goals. This can look different for everyone. For some, it's working through life changes or challenging situations. For others, they are on a journey to identify who they are and what they want in life. I believe everyone has the ability to make changes and discover things about themselves that will allow them to live the life they want. My focus is to provide a place for people to explore and learn while feeling accepted and supported.
(717) 312-4712 View (717) 312-4712
Alexia Drust
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
We all have stories and experiences that make us unique, and as a military spouse I can empathize with just how chaotic life can be and the challenges that go along with that chaos. I enjoy helping others navigate their journey by coming alongside them to encourage their strengths and share new skills.
We all have stories and experiences that make us unique, and as a military spouse I can empathize with just how chaotic life can be and the challenges that go along with that chaos. I enjoy helping others navigate their journey by coming alongside them to encourage their strengths and share new skills.
(223) 217-8726 View (223) 217-8726
Photo of Phillip G Carbaugh - PGC Counseling, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
PGC Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
PGC Counseling is a private practice offering licensed, board certified services to adolescents and adults for the treatment of depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders as well as stress, PTSD, substance use or other mental health issues. Individual, family and couples counseling is available Monday through Saturday. We accept most major insurances as well as local and national EAP programs through your workplace. We treat all sexual orientations and religious beliefs.
PGC Counseling is a private practice offering licensed, board certified services to adolescents and adults for the treatment of depression, bipolar and anxiety disorders as well as stress, PTSD, substance use or other mental health issues. Individual, family and couples counseling is available Monday through Saturday. We accept most major insurances as well as local and national EAP programs through your workplace. We treat all sexual orientations and religious beliefs.
(717) 297-1560 View (717) 297-1560
Photo of Jennifer Constanos - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201  (Online Only)
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(223) 271-4603 View (223) 271-4603
Photo of Brandi Cash, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brandi Cash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Whether addressing behavioral issues, anxiety, trauma, or other concerns, I am here to support you (or your family) every step of the way. By combining my clinical expertise with compassion, I’m committed to helping you create positive change and live a life filled with meaning, fulfillment, and joy. When working with children, I use their language of play and actively involve parents in sessions, providing guidance, support, and practical strategies to help them better understand and connect with their child.
Whether addressing behavioral issues, anxiety, trauma, or other concerns, I am here to support you (or your family) every step of the way. By combining my clinical expertise with compassion, I’m committed to helping you create positive change and live a life filled with meaning, fulfillment, and joy. When working with children, I use their language of play and actively involve parents in sessions, providing guidance, support, and practical strategies to help them better understand and connect with their child.
(717) 422-6440 View (717) 422-6440
Photo of Scott Keller, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Scott Keller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients learn and implement the skills necessary for long-term results. I use a form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy called Rational Living Therapy and I am a Certified Rational Living Therapist. The foundational concept of RLT is that your emotions and behaviors are created by your thoughts, rather than your situations. This is a wonderful fact because you can learn to change your thoughts to improve how you feel, even if your situation does not change. By the conclusion of your time in therapy you will have gained the rational self-counseling skills to essentially be your own Therapist.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients learn and implement the skills necessary for long-term results. I use a form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy called Rational Living Therapy and I am a Certified Rational Living Therapist. The foundational concept of RLT is that your emotions and behaviors are created by your thoughts, rather than your situations. This is a wonderful fact because you can learn to change your thoughts to improve how you feel, even if your situation does not change. By the conclusion of your time in therapy you will have gained the rational self-counseling skills to essentially be your own Therapist.
(717) 455-3484 View (717) 455-3484
Photo of Heather Scarbrough, MA, NCC, CSOTP, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heather Scarbrough
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, CSOTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
We all get stuck sometimes, whether it be with making an important decision or simply in unhealthy thought and behavioral patterns. I enjoy helping individuals, couples and families recognize unhelpful patterns and work towards becoming "unstuck." People often bear the symptoms of what is going on around them and these symptoms become visible as depression, anxiety, etc. I enjoy helping individuals, couples and families to become the best that they can be and to have the best relationships that they can have.
We all get stuck sometimes, whether it be with making an important decision or simply in unhealthy thought and behavioral patterns. I enjoy helping individuals, couples and families recognize unhelpful patterns and work towards becoming "unstuck." People often bear the symptoms of what is going on around them and these symptoms become visible as depression, anxiety, etc. I enjoy helping individuals, couples and families to become the best that they can be and to have the best relationships that they can have.
(717) 977-3953 x703 View (717) 977-3953 x703
Photo of Brandon Barnhartt - A Step Ahead Counseling Services, LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
A Step Ahead Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Sometimes life gives us challenges and you may feel like nobody understands you. We want to help ease those feelings and assist you in developing strategies using your strengths. We specialize in working with people who are experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, mood disorders, difficult transitions such as divorce and family issues and those dealing with trauma. We also specialize in teenagers who have behavior disorders and difficulties in the school setting.
Sometimes life gives us challenges and you may feel like nobody understands you. We want to help ease those feelings and assist you in developing strategies using your strengths. We specialize in working with people who are experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, mood disorders, difficult transitions such as divorce and family issues and those dealing with trauma. We also specialize in teenagers who have behavior disorders and difficulties in the school setting.
(717) 609-0113 View (717) 609-0113
Photo of Lauren Wicks, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Wicks
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing therapy for 17 years. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, whether that includes reducing intensity and frequency of panic attacks, preventing relapse, or improving school performance. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, attachment disorders, trauma, chronic pain, firesetting, anger, and problem sexual behaviors. I believe people are resilient and worthy of support and self-care. I invite you to chat with me about your treatment goals in a welcoming and judgement-free environment.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing therapy for 17 years. I enjoy helping people achieve their goals, whether that includes reducing intensity and frequency of panic attacks, preventing relapse, or improving school performance. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and adults with anxiety, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, attachment disorders, trauma, chronic pain, firesetting, anger, and problem sexual behaviors. I believe people are resilient and worthy of support and self-care. I invite you to chat with me about your treatment goals in a welcoming and judgement-free environment.
(717) 356-3664 View (717) 356-3664
Photo of Karissa J. Kelley - Karissa J. Kelley Counseling, LPC, CT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karissa J. Kelley Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CT
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I work with adults, families, adolescents and elementary-aged children. I also provide supervision for pre-licensed therapists. I offer in person sessions in Chambersburg, PA. My style of therapy is trauma-focused but is guided by you and your goals. Clients tell me I am easy to talk with and seem relaxed during conversation. It is important to me that you feel comfortable, liked, and valued. I believe that every person is the expert about themselves. I also believe that you already have everything you need to succeed. Our job together is to locate and hone your skills.
I work with adults, families, adolescents and elementary-aged children. I also provide supervision for pre-licensed therapists. I offer in person sessions in Chambersburg, PA. My style of therapy is trauma-focused but is guided by you and your goals. Clients tell me I am easy to talk with and seem relaxed during conversation. It is important to me that you feel comfortable, liked, and valued. I believe that every person is the expert about themselves. I also believe that you already have everything you need to succeed. Our job together is to locate and hone your skills.
(215) 273-3806 View (215) 273-3806
Photo of Liza De La O, MA, NCC,  LPC, CDBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Liza De La O
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CDBT
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be overwhelming, which can push you to feel lost and stuck. I specialize in trauma, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Autism, but I also have experience working with other mental health issues. My clients find relief by working through their current issues by identifying how your life is being currently disrupted and then working backward to process your trauma. Some of my treatment modalities include Gestalt Therapy, DBT, CBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, but I believe in tailoring the treatment to each individual client depending on what will help you the most.
Life can be overwhelming, which can push you to feel lost and stuck. I specialize in trauma, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Autism, but I also have experience working with other mental health issues. My clients find relief by working through their current issues by identifying how your life is being currently disrupted and then working backward to process your trauma. Some of my treatment modalities include Gestalt Therapy, DBT, CBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, but I believe in tailoring the treatment to each individual client depending on what will help you the most.
(223) 332-5081 View (223) 332-5081
Photo of Darlanna Meckley, MSW, LSW
Darlanna Meckley
MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Hello! I know it may seem a bit overwhelming and scary right now as you try and find someone to help you. Take a breath. Pause. I'm here for you. Your journey is one of the utmost important things and I would be honored to be part of your journey. I bring energy, warmth, and compassion to travel on the journey with you.
Hello! I know it may seem a bit overwhelming and scary right now as you try and find someone to help you. Take a breath. Pause. I'm here for you. Your journey is one of the utmost important things and I would be honored to be part of your journey. I bring energy, warmth, and compassion to travel on the journey with you.
(223) 332-4110 View (223) 332-4110
Photo of Susan Stewart, MDiv, CCTP-II, CIMHP, LMFT, AAMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Stewart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, CCTP-II, CIMHP, LMFT, AAMFT-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
Waitlist for new clients
You work in high stress, high burnout fields. You love being the strong one, the one others rely on, pushing through everything. But you're wondering how much longer you can hold it together when it feels like your relationships, your life, are coming apart. You may feel like a failure, asking for help yourself. But you're not willing to give up on your goals for your life and those relationships that are so important.
You work in high stress, high burnout fields. You love being the strong one, the one others rely on, pushing through everything. But you're wondering how much longer you can hold it together when it feels like your relationships, your life, are coming apart. You may feel like a failure, asking for help yourself. But you're not willing to give up on your goals for your life and those relationships that are so important.
(717) 850-9324 View (717) 850-9324
Photo of Sabrina Noll, MS, LCPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sabrina Noll
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chambersburg, PA 17201
I want you to know that you are not alone! I specialize primarily in trauma and anxiety disorders, but I also have experience in working with other mental health issues that affect your life. Many of my clients find relief in realizing that their struggle does not own them and that there are many options available to have hope again. Together we can find the root cause so we can create a more effective toolbox to manage your symptoms. People heal when they create trusting relationships with their therapist so they feel validated and understood. Some of the treatment modalities I utilize include CBT, EMDR, solution focused, etc.
I want you to know that you are not alone! I specialize primarily in trauma and anxiety disorders, but I also have experience in working with other mental health issues that affect your life. Many of my clients find relief in realizing that their struggle does not own them and that there are many options available to have hope again. Together we can find the root cause so we can create a more effective toolbox to manage your symptoms. People heal when they create trusting relationships with their therapist so they feel validated and understood. Some of the treatment modalities I utilize include CBT, EMDR, solution focused, etc.
(223) 204-9705 View (223) 204-9705
Photo of Mikala Morrow, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mikala Morrow
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Chambersburg, PA 17201
If your emotions feel overwhelming, and they're trying to signal you that they need your attention, I am here to help you. I provide a safe, comfortable space to explore who you are and work with you to provide a better understanding of you. I am here to help you learn to identify and access your feelings. I offer encouragement to help you get to your goals. With me, you can speak openly and fully about your anxieties and fears. I'd love to help you find your purpose in life by helping you recognize your strengths.
If your emotions feel overwhelming, and they're trying to signal you that they need your attention, I am here to help you. I provide a safe, comfortable space to explore who you are and work with you to provide a better understanding of you. I am here to help you learn to identify and access your feelings. I offer encouragement to help you get to your goals. With me, you can speak openly and fully about your anxieties and fears. I'd love to help you find your purpose in life by helping you recognize your strengths.
(223) 217-2317 View (223) 217-2317
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 17201

40+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in 17201 who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
77% Relationship Issues
72% Depression
68% Coping Skills
66% Self Esteem
64% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Highmark
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 17201 see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 17201?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.