Therapists in Fayetteville, NC

Photo of Crystal DePietro, MSW, LCSW, CCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Crystal DePietro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCM
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28303
Whether you are working within a diagnosis, processing a situation, confronting a new normal, or planning for change, Cypress Counseling Center wants to know how you’re really doing. Our therapists are committed to helping you work through your current circumstances.
Whether you are working within a diagnosis, processing a situation, confronting a new normal, or planning for change, Cypress Counseling Center wants to know how you’re really doing. Our therapists are committed to helping you work through your current circumstances.
(910) 229-3888 View (910) 229-3888
Photo of Angela C Greene, MA, LCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela C Greene
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28305
Choosing a Therapist is a "Big Deal" and I believe I can be the "Right" Therapist for you. I'm not here to judge or ridicule, but I am here to get to the root of issues that bring high levels of distress and anxiety. I have created an environment that is safe and engaging for counseling. I take pride in establishing a professional relationship that is based on making you feel better than when you arrived. My ultimate goal is to help you resolve ongoing issues that cannot be resolved alone. I have immediate openings and look forward to working with you.
Choosing a Therapist is a "Big Deal" and I believe I can be the "Right" Therapist for you. I'm not here to judge or ridicule, but I am here to get to the root of issues that bring high levels of distress and anxiety. I have created an environment that is safe and engaging for counseling. I take pride in establishing a professional relationship that is based on making you feel better than when you arrived. My ultimate goal is to help you resolve ongoing issues that cannot be resolved alone. I have immediate openings and look forward to working with you.
(910) 356-9920 View (910) 356-9920
Photo of Bobette (Bobbie) Smith - All-American Counseling, Wellness and Consulting, LCSW, MSW, BSW, C-SWHC, C-ASWCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
All-American Counseling, Wellness and Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, BSW, C-SWHC, C-ASWCM
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fayetteville, NC 28311
Clinicians have ties and connections to the military, veterans, LEOs, first responders and surrounding areas for: Cumberland, Moore, Harnett, Robinson, New Hanover, Forsyth, Wake and Lee, NC counties. Our contracted clinicians provide a wide range of services and specialties. We appreciate the opportunity to be of help and look forward to all of us working together. Bobette Smith, LCSW, owner, is military connected and a Fayettevillian. Experience with: Service Members and families, first responders, children, adolescents, adults, geriatrics, families, small groups, intensive outpatient groups and clinical inpatient hospital care.
Clinicians have ties and connections to the military, veterans, LEOs, first responders and surrounding areas for: Cumberland, Moore, Harnett, Robinson, New Hanover, Forsyth, Wake and Lee, NC counties. Our contracted clinicians provide a wide range of services and specialties. We appreciate the opportunity to be of help and look forward to all of us working together. Bobette Smith, LCSW, owner, is military connected and a Fayettevillian. Experience with: Service Members and families, first responders, children, adolescents, adults, geriatrics, families, small groups, intensive outpatient groups and clinical inpatient hospital care.
(833) 846-3463 View (833) 846-3463
Photo of Alejandro Godinez - Camino Medio Therapeutic Services, PLLC, LCSWA
Camino Medio Therapeutic Services, PLLC
LCSW Associate, LCSWA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I started working in a multicultural setting in 2017 and as a grad student I introduced yoga and mindfulness in underserved and underrepresented communities. I am an Army veteran who has worked with active duty service members with chronic pain issues, many of whom are grappling with mental, emotional, and sometimes spiritual dimensions of pain. Folks who are looking for assistance with life transitions, chronic pain and stress, PTSD, relational issues, and depression. Life difficulties are multidimensional, and I can assist with learning how to tune in to your inner resources and pave the way toward contentment.
I started working in a multicultural setting in 2017 and as a grad student I introduced yoga and mindfulness in underserved and underrepresented communities. I am an Army veteran who has worked with active duty service members with chronic pain issues, many of whom are grappling with mental, emotional, and sometimes spiritual dimensions of pain. Folks who are looking for assistance with life transitions, chronic pain and stress, PTSD, relational issues, and depression. Life difficulties are multidimensional, and I can assist with learning how to tune in to your inner resources and pave the way toward contentment.
(910) 898-4194 x28301 View (910) 898-4194 x28301
Photo of Jenny Massol, MSW, LCSW, LCAS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenny Massol
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCAS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fayetteville, NC 28303
If you're looking for guidance and support with challenging situations I can assist you to achieve your goals. By using a variety of techniques that will help you change negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
If you're looking for guidance and support with challenging situations I can assist you to achieve your goals. By using a variety of techniques that will help you change negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(910) 370-1028 View (910) 370-1028
Photo of Ashauntis McNair, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashauntis McNair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I provide expertise in addressing the complex needs of clients facing anxiety, stress, trauma, depression, career concerns, and personal growth. My approach focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment, where clients can develop effective coping strategies, resolve conflicts, and cultivate healthy relationships. My goals include: Enhancing communication skills Establishing healthy boundaries Strengthening relationships Fostering a sense of understanding and validation. By providing empathetic and non-judgmental support, I empower clients to overcome challenges and achieve their personal and professional goals.
I provide expertise in addressing the complex needs of clients facing anxiety, stress, trauma, depression, career concerns, and personal growth. My approach focuses on creating a safe and supportive environment, where clients can develop effective coping strategies, resolve conflicts, and cultivate healthy relationships. My goals include: Enhancing communication skills Establishing healthy boundaries Strengthening relationships Fostering a sense of understanding and validation. By providing empathetic and non-judgmental support, I empower clients to overcome challenges and achieve their personal and professional goals.
(910) 390-1371 View (910) 390-1371
Photo of Sitonja Valenzuela, LCMHC, NCC
Sitonja Valenzuela
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi! Welcome! I provide mental health counseling for individuals in North Carolina specializing in helping clients with depression and body image issues. I primarily help clients who are struggling with self-love and have negative, harmful relationships with their bodies. I help clients develop a new and healthy relationship with their bodies. In session, I seek to learn more about thoughts and behaviors as well as the role that they play with their emotions. I believe wholeheartedly that each client has everything they need within and around them to heal.
Hi! Welcome! I provide mental health counseling for individuals in North Carolina specializing in helping clients with depression and body image issues. I primarily help clients who are struggling with self-love and have negative, harmful relationships with their bodies. I help clients develop a new and healthy relationship with their bodies. In session, I seek to learn more about thoughts and behaviors as well as the role that they play with their emotions. I believe wholeheartedly that each client has everything they need within and around them to heal.
(910) 541-5640 View (910) 541-5640
Photo of Quanda La'Shawn Banks
Quanda La'Shawn Banks
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28314
Hello! theI love working with individuals that are ready to be their best versions of themselves. Whether, in a relationship or single. Whether you are a male or female. I work primarily with the women population. The majority of them are wanting to understand who they are for they have been in traumatic relationships (narcissist, manipulative, opportunist). I help one in regaining and changing false mentalities. To more adaptive and practical thinking. It's a process that I love to assist with.
Hello! theI love working with individuals that are ready to be their best versions of themselves. Whether, in a relationship or single. Whether you are a male or female. I work primarily with the women population. The majority of them are wanting to understand who they are for they have been in traumatic relationships (narcissist, manipulative, opportunist). I help one in regaining and changing false mentalities. To more adaptive and practical thinking. It's a process that I love to assist with.
(910) 812-3985 View (910) 812-3985
Photo of Elizabeth Caldwell - Clinical Counseling and Consulting Services, PLLC, LCSW, LCASA, CSOTP, TFCBT, NCCPE, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Clinical Counseling and Consulting Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCASA, CSOTP, TFCBT, NCCPE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fayetteville, NC 28303
Clinical Counseling and Consulting Services, PLLC (CCCS) is a counseling and consulting agency dedicated to clinician development and mental health treatment. Although CCCS specializes in treatment for sex offenders, individuals with problematic sexualized behavior, and victims of trauma, the agency also provides specialized outpatient therapy, employee assistance services, and services for individuals suffering from addiction. Parenting education classes are also available to assist parents with managing and coping with their children and/or adolescent behavioral deficits, addictions, and/or mental health disorder(s).
Clinical Counseling and Consulting Services, PLLC (CCCS) is a counseling and consulting agency dedicated to clinician development and mental health treatment. Although CCCS specializes in treatment for sex offenders, individuals with problematic sexualized behavior, and victims of trauma, the agency also provides specialized outpatient therapy, employee assistance services, and services for individuals suffering from addiction. Parenting education classes are also available to assist parents with managing and coping with their children and/or adolescent behavioral deficits, addictions, and/or mental health disorder(s).
(910) 401-2998 View (910) 401-2998
Photo of Erica Clemons-manuel, MA, LPCS, NCC, Counselor
Erica Clemons-manuel
Counselor, MA, LPCS, NCC
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28303
If you continue to do the same things, you will receive the same results. My counseling experience range from working with at risk youth, dual diagnoses and the military, as service members and families cope with issues related to deployment and reintegration.
If you continue to do the same things, you will receive the same results. My counseling experience range from working with at risk youth, dual diagnoses and the military, as service members and families cope with issues related to deployment and reintegration.
(910) 212-3463 View (910) 212-3463
Photo of Shanna M Bell, MAED, NCC, LCMHC
Shanna M Bell
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MAED, NCC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28304
Accepting New Clients Making the decision to begin therapy is a hard one. You are choosing to come to a trained specialist in mental health, and regurgitate all of your deepest feelings, emotions, and possibly a traumatic past. Working in mental health for the past 5 years, I have learned that mental health is a part of your personal growth and well being. It's a way to heal mentally, spiritually, and to learn to forgive. Forgiveness and grace may be needed in yourself. You will learn how to be your better and greater self, one day at a time.
Accepting New Clients Making the decision to begin therapy is a hard one. You are choosing to come to a trained specialist in mental health, and regurgitate all of your deepest feelings, emotions, and possibly a traumatic past. Working in mental health for the past 5 years, I have learned that mental health is a part of your personal growth and well being. It's a way to heal mentally, spiritually, and to learn to forgive. Forgiveness and grace may be needed in yourself. You will learn how to be your better and greater self, one day at a time.
(910) 460-6280 View (910) 460-6280
Photo of Keishona Farmer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keishona Farmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Do you find yourself being overwhelmed? Do you let your thoughts get the best of you? Are you easily triggered or irritated? As a therapist, I am committed to helping you change the way you think and feel about life’s challenges. Through a personalized approach to therapy, we will work together to set goals, identify negative thought patterns, and develop a path forward that improves your overall well-being. My therapeutic space provides a safe and non-judgemental environment to support you on your healing journey.
Do you find yourself being overwhelmed? Do you let your thoughts get the best of you? Are you easily triggered or irritated? As a therapist, I am committed to helping you change the way you think and feel about life’s challenges. Through a personalized approach to therapy, we will work together to set goals, identify negative thought patterns, and develop a path forward that improves your overall well-being. My therapeutic space provides a safe and non-judgemental environment to support you on your healing journey.
(910) 335-8816 View (910) 335-8816
Photo of Tabitha Foster, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tabitha Foster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28304
Immediate openings, including evenings and Saturday time slots still available! If you feel like you want to make some changes in your life, but need to talk through it with someone, we would love the opportunity to help. The therapists at Relax and Release work with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. We use a variety of approaches to assist individuals and the therapy style is always flexible. If progress is not happening, we reevaluate and adjust the approach accordingly.
Immediate openings, including evenings and Saturday time slots still available! If you feel like you want to make some changes in your life, but need to talk through it with someone, we would love the opportunity to help. The therapists at Relax and Release work with children, adolescents, adults, and couples. We use a variety of approaches to assist individuals and the therapy style is always flexible. If progress is not happening, we reevaluate and adjust the approach accordingly.
(910) 672-7149 View (910) 672-7149
Photo of Natasha Thompson, LCSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natasha Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28304
Now accepting new clients! Life happens and things change. Often times we feel as if we are stuck and not sure of how to process our thoughts and emotions. As a psychotherapist, my role is to help you navigate through life's challenges, gain insight into your emotions and behaviors, and develop coping strategies to lead a more fulfilling life. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, or any other concern, I'm here to support you every step of the way. I offer a nonjudgmental and empathetic space where you can express yourself freely and openly without fear of criticism or shame.
Now accepting new clients! Life happens and things change. Often times we feel as if we are stuck and not sure of how to process our thoughts and emotions. As a psychotherapist, my role is to help you navigate through life's challenges, gain insight into your emotions and behaviors, and develop coping strategies to lead a more fulfilling life. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, or any other concern, I'm here to support you every step of the way. I offer a nonjudgmental and empathetic space where you can express yourself freely and openly without fear of criticism or shame.
(910) 469-0579 View (910) 469-0579
Photo of LaShonda Oates Milsap, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LaShonda Oates Milsap
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have over 23 years social work and clinical experience working with diverse clients dealing with stress, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues, and life transitions. I work with children, couples, and families. With each client, a specific treatment model is used which involves a holistic approach that is person centered to address each client’s needs/concerns. In sessions, solution focused, CBT, DBT, ACT and other evidence-based interventions are used. Not only am I a therapist but I am also a co-author who helps and motivates others to pursue their goals/aspirations and assist individuals to recognize their strengths.
I have over 23 years social work and clinical experience working with diverse clients dealing with stress, depression, anxiety, and relationship issues, and life transitions. I work with children, couples, and families. With each client, a specific treatment model is used which involves a holistic approach that is person centered to address each client’s needs/concerns. In sessions, solution focused, CBT, DBT, ACT and other evidence-based interventions are used. Not only am I a therapist but I am also a co-author who helps and motivates others to pursue their goals/aspirations and assist individuals to recognize their strengths.
(910) 858-8103 View (910) 858-8103
Photo of Renee M Prows, LCMHC, Counselor
Renee M Prows
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Often, when people find their voice they also find hope; aiding individuals' growth in understanding and communicating their needs is a goal I strive toward as a therapist. I also desire to provide a safe environment for individuals to address issues in their life and to teach skills to improve communication in interpersonal relationships. I have worked with women and families as a women's pastor. Now, I continue to encourage growth and change in individuals who are committed to enjoying richer relationships. There is no such thing as a perfect life, but there is a healthier one.
Often, when people find their voice they also find hope; aiding individuals' growth in understanding and communicating their needs is a goal I strive toward as a therapist. I also desire to provide a safe environment for individuals to address issues in their life and to teach skills to improve communication in interpersonal relationships. I have worked with women and families as a women's pastor. Now, I continue to encourage growth and change in individuals who are committed to enjoying richer relationships. There is no such thing as a perfect life, but there is a healthier one.
(910) 335-2501 View (910) 335-2501
Photo of Sarah Schwartz, MSSW, LCSW-A
Sarah Schwartz
LCSW Associate, MSSW, LCSW-A
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28303
As a clinician, I enjoy working with clients as young as 4 years old and those well into adulthood. I strongly believe that clients are the experts on themselves; my job is to partner with clients to better understand their needs and help guide them in building skills to help them manage their day-to-day stressors and challenges. I am often sought out to help clients with behavioral and emotional needs, process grief, and address childhood and/or complex trauma.
As a clinician, I enjoy working with clients as young as 4 years old and those well into adulthood. I strongly believe that clients are the experts on themselves; my job is to partner with clients to better understand their needs and help guide them in building skills to help them manage their day-to-day stressors and challenges. I am often sought out to help clients with behavioral and emotional needs, process grief, and address childhood and/or complex trauma.
(910) 812-9502 View (910) 812-9502
Photo of Darlene Patricia Fairley, MA, LCMHCS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Darlene Patricia Fairley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCMHCS, NCC
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Everyone is in need of a SAFE place. The SAFE place is where you can be yourself without the fear of rejection. It is a place wherein you can express your thoughts and feelings while knowing and feeling that you are being heard. The SAFE place is a judgment-free zone and a place for a therapeutic relationship between you and your counselor. Life brings many stressors, anxiety, problems and hurts; I believe when a person comes for counseling, he or she is looking for a SAFE place to address those issues.
Everyone is in need of a SAFE place. The SAFE place is where you can be yourself without the fear of rejection. It is a place wherein you can express your thoughts and feelings while knowing and feeling that you are being heard. The SAFE place is a judgment-free zone and a place for a therapeutic relationship between you and your counselor. Life brings many stressors, anxiety, problems and hurts; I believe when a person comes for counseling, he or she is looking for a SAFE place to address those issues.
(910) 430-3747 View (910) 430-3747
Photo of Stephanie Burrell, LCSWA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Stephanie Burrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSWA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life's hurdles are inevitable, yet selecting the right therapist shouldn't add to your burden. With firsthand knowledge of emotional complexities, I emphasize effective coping mechanisms. My goal is clear: to provide a safe, non-judgmental haven where you're genuinely heard and valued. Through a person-centered approach, I tailor guidance to your journey, aiding as you confront challenges and pursue goals. Embracing a holistic view, integrating mind, body, and existential perspectives, is paramount.
Life's hurdles are inevitable, yet selecting the right therapist shouldn't add to your burden. With firsthand knowledge of emotional complexities, I emphasize effective coping mechanisms. My goal is clear: to provide a safe, non-judgmental haven where you're genuinely heard and valued. Through a person-centered approach, I tailor guidance to your journey, aiding as you confront challenges and pursue goals. Embracing a holistic view, integrating mind, body, and existential perspectives, is paramount.
(910) 485-6336 View (910) 485-6336
Photo of Kadejah Jahnae Horne - Benevolent Counseling, PLLC, MSW, LCSWA
Benevolent Counseling, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Social Worker Associate, MSW, LCSWA
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, NC 28303
Imagine waking up each day without the weight of negative self-image dragging you down. Picture fostering healthy connections with loved ones and nurturing your inner confidence with self-care practices that truly uplifts you. It's a journey we can embark on together, and I'm here to guide you every step of the way.
Imagine waking up each day without the weight of negative self-image dragging you down. Picture fostering healthy connections with loved ones and nurturing your inner confidence with self-care practices that truly uplifts you. It's a journey we can embark on together, and I'm here to guide you every step of the way.
(910) 310-5333 x1002 View (910) 310-5333 x1002
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fayetteville, NC

400+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Fayetteville, NC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
72% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fayetteville, NC see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fayetteville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.