Therapists in Atlanta, GA

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Photo of Amy W Culbertson, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy W Culbertson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30305
Not accepting new clients
I am Amy Culbertson, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor and psychotherapist. I received my M.S. degree in Counseling and Psychological Services from Georgia State University. My practice includes individuals, groups and family counseling to those who have been affected by addiction and co-occurring disorders. I work with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief and emotional life issues. I believe a key component in successful therapeutic treatment is the relationship between counselor and client. I value the relationships with my clients and feel honored to witness and assist in their healing and spiritual journey.
I am Amy Culbertson, LPC, a Licensed Professional Counselor and psychotherapist. I received my M.S. degree in Counseling and Psychological Services from Georgia State University. My practice includes individuals, groups and family counseling to those who have been affected by addiction and co-occurring disorders. I work with depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief and emotional life issues. I believe a key component in successful therapeutic treatment is the relationship between counselor and client. I value the relationships with my clients and feel honored to witness and assist in their healing and spiritual journey.
(404) 857-4439 View (404) 857-4439
Photo of Drew Adelman, PhD, MA, Psychologist
Drew Adelman
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30308
My areas of clinical focus are around men's issues and with members of the LGBTQ community. I'm committed to providing a safe and affirming environment where you can process your feelings, no matter how difficult or uncomfortable. I'm not the kind of psychologist who sits silently and nods while you do all the work. I'm an active therapist and work collaboratively to help you increase self-awareness and identify a healthier path. Additionally, I draw on different theoretical approaches to adapt my work to your needs, but work primarily from a relational psychodynamic perspective.
My areas of clinical focus are around men's issues and with members of the LGBTQ community. I'm committed to providing a safe and affirming environment where you can process your feelings, no matter how difficult or uncomfortable. I'm not the kind of psychologist who sits silently and nods while you do all the work. I'm an active therapist and work collaboratively to help you increase self-awareness and identify a healthier path. Additionally, I draw on different theoretical approaches to adapt my work to your needs, but work primarily from a relational psychodynamic perspective.
(470) 594-6615 View (470) 594-6615
Photo of Brad Brizendine, LPC, JD, Counselor
Brad Brizendine
Counselor, LPC, JD
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30327
My clients reach out because they are experiencing stress, anxiety, frustration, indecision, depressed mood, grief, difficulties in their relationships, or something simply feels "off". They're not at their best and are looking for change. After a brief phone consultation to determine if I can best serve a particular client's needs, we'll schedule an initial appointment and get right to work. My focus is to help clients grow, learn, heal and accomplish their goals as quickly as possible so they can move forward, and enjoy a healthy and fulfilling life.
My clients reach out because they are experiencing stress, anxiety, frustration, indecision, depressed mood, grief, difficulties in their relationships, or something simply feels "off". They're not at their best and are looking for change. After a brief phone consultation to determine if I can best serve a particular client's needs, we'll schedule an initial appointment and get right to work. My focus is to help clients grow, learn, heal and accomplish their goals as quickly as possible so they can move forward, and enjoy a healthy and fulfilling life.
(404) 963-9954 View (404) 963-9954
Photo of Tiffany Nolan, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Nolan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30303  (Online Only)
Hi there, I'm Tiffany! Do you feel like you just can't keep it all straight in your head in anymore? Too many thoughts on your mind keeping you up too late? Are you struggling to find your purpose and meaning in your day to day routine?
Hi there, I'm Tiffany! Do you feel like you just can't keep it all straight in your head in anymore? Too many thoughts on your mind keeping you up too late? Are you struggling to find your purpose and meaning in your day to day routine?
(404) 814-5136 View (404) 814-5136
Photo of Dena Franco, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dena Franco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30324
Are you feeling overwhelmed by ruminating thoughts? Do you find yourself wondering, “What’s wrong with me?" Have you noticed that you become easily irritable or you're feeling on edge? Have you been through a very stressful or traumatizing experience that you're having difficulty getting past? I want you to know three things: You are not alone, there is hope, and I am here to help. Through our work together, you will learn how to manage current stressors and heal from past traumatic experiences in order to feel improved inner peace and experience stronger, healthier relationships.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by ruminating thoughts? Do you find yourself wondering, “What’s wrong with me?" Have you noticed that you become easily irritable or you're feeling on edge? Have you been through a very stressful or traumatizing experience that you're having difficulty getting past? I want you to know three things: You are not alone, there is hope, and I am here to help. Through our work together, you will learn how to manage current stressors and heal from past traumatic experiences in order to feel improved inner peace and experience stronger, healthier relationships.
(470) 236-5971 View (470) 236-5971
The People of Promise Psychological Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30339
The people of Promise Psychological Service is centered on for fulfilling client's needs. God has stated that we are people of promise, which means that we are entitled to a healthy mind. This agency givest hat extra special touch to mental health, and treats all clients with dignity and respect.
The people of Promise Psychological Service is centered on for fulfilling client's needs. God has stated that we are people of promise, which means that we are entitled to a healthy mind. This agency givest hat extra special touch to mental health, and treats all clients with dignity and respect.
(678) 999-8104 View (678) 999-8104
Photo of Britni Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Britni Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30345
If a person experiences physical pain, seeking treatment is expected. To me, it is important to do the same when one experiences emotional and/or mental pain. Whether it be lack of balance, understanding a past/recent traumatic event, or navigating difficult relationships, life can leave us feeling off balance and disconnected from people and things that mean the most to us. Being able to help people heal from emotional pain, restore connections, and find joy in their lives is my greatest passion.
If a person experiences physical pain, seeking treatment is expected. To me, it is important to do the same when one experiences emotional and/or mental pain. Whether it be lack of balance, understanding a past/recent traumatic event, or navigating difficult relationships, life can leave us feeling off balance and disconnected from people and things that mean the most to us. Being able to help people heal from emotional pain, restore connections, and find joy in their lives is my greatest passion.
(470) 616-1550 View (470) 616-1550
Photo of Olivia Gordon-Thomas, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Olivia Gordon-Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30308  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with families, couples, young adults, and children as they battle the difficulties of life. I endeavor to provide every client with an inviting, supportive, and safe environment to explore the different issues and concerns that are a part of life. I look forward to assisting each client in their journey to personal growth and empowerment and moving towards a more balanced life. I am determined to provide a comfortable environment for each client as they take the difficult step to reach out for support in their desire to make positive life changes.
I enjoy working with families, couples, young adults, and children as they battle the difficulties of life. I endeavor to provide every client with an inviting, supportive, and safe environment to explore the different issues and concerns that are a part of life. I look forward to assisting each client in their journey to personal growth and empowerment and moving towards a more balanced life. I am determined to provide a comfortable environment for each client as they take the difficult step to reach out for support in their desire to make positive life changes.
(470) 470-8766 View (470) 470-8766
Photo of Simon Fragakis - Kinetik Focus, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kinetik Focus
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30305  (Online Only)
Achieve more and stress less with our Kinetik Focus program. From managing daily life demands to improving academic/career performance, Kinetik Focus helps you: Set Meaningful Goals, Improve Planning and Time-Management Skills, Build Motivation and Effective Habits, Organize Your Spaces, Replace Unhelpful Thinking, and Overcome Procrastination.
Achieve more and stress less with our Kinetik Focus program. From managing daily life demands to improving academic/career performance, Kinetik Focus helps you: Set Meaningful Goals, Improve Planning and Time-Management Skills, Build Motivation and Effective Habits, Organize Your Spaces, Replace Unhelpful Thinking, and Overcome Procrastination.
(470) 349-7569 View (470) 349-7569
Photo of Erin Holtzclaw - Thrive Counseling and Wellness, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thrive Counseling and Wellness, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30326  (Online Only)
In each person's life a little rain must fall. At times, however, it may feel as though you are ill equipped to weather the storm. Gaining new coping skills, strengthening self-esteem and adopting new behaviors are just some of the possible outcomes of successful counseling. I consider it an honor to hear your story and work with you towards change. Whether you are battling anxiety, low self-esteem, going through a transition such as a career change or are dealing with past wounds, my hope is that you'll find a safe place to land as we work together to find a place that brings fulfillment and helps you reach your goals.
In each person's life a little rain must fall. At times, however, it may feel as though you are ill equipped to weather the storm. Gaining new coping skills, strengthening self-esteem and adopting new behaviors are just some of the possible outcomes of successful counseling. I consider it an honor to hear your story and work with you towards change. Whether you are battling anxiety, low self-esteem, going through a transition such as a career change or are dealing with past wounds, my hope is that you'll find a safe place to land as we work together to find a place that brings fulfillment and helps you reach your goals.
(404) 882-8075 View (404) 882-8075
Photo of Lenzie Avery, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lenzie Avery
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30312
Are you tired of feeling lost within yourself? Is shame, guilt, perfectionism, impulsiveness, confusion or pain pulling you away from being present in your life? Has your life taken an unexpected turn, or is it stuck in the same unfulfilling routine as always?​ Are you always looking for something to "fix" your life, or something to "fix" about your life? Is problem solving mode your M.O. ? Do you feel alone in a crowded room, because those who care for you just don't get it, despite their best efforts? Are you & your loved ones suffering from the immovable distance that has settled in your relationships, causing disconnect?
Are you tired of feeling lost within yourself? Is shame, guilt, perfectionism, impulsiveness, confusion or pain pulling you away from being present in your life? Has your life taken an unexpected turn, or is it stuck in the same unfulfilling routine as always?​ Are you always looking for something to "fix" your life, or something to "fix" about your life? Is problem solving mode your M.O. ? Do you feel alone in a crowded room, because those who care for you just don't get it, despite their best efforts? Are you & your loved ones suffering from the immovable distance that has settled in your relationships, causing disconnect?
(404) 220-8135 View (404) 220-8135
Photo of Melissa Goldstein, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Goldstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30328
Therapy is a deeply personal experience. What works for one person is not going to work for the next. For those who have tried therapy and not received the results you’ve wanted, keep trying. One therapist, treatment, or modality does not fit everyone. The fact that you are scanning through Psychology Today profiles to find the right fit for you is a small victory in itself. My goal for each client is to figure out what works for you and help create the life you want. I use humor, validation, authenticity and directness in my therapeutic approach.
Therapy is a deeply personal experience. What works for one person is not going to work for the next. For those who have tried therapy and not received the results you’ve wanted, keep trying. One therapist, treatment, or modality does not fit everyone. The fact that you are scanning through Psychology Today profiles to find the right fit for you is a small victory in itself. My goal for each client is to figure out what works for you and help create the life you want. I use humor, validation, authenticity and directness in my therapeutic approach.
(678) 981-9454 View (678) 981-9454
Photo of Michael Britt - Michael Britt - NOCD, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michael Britt - NOCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30328  (Online Only)
Growing up, I was curious about why we all feel so differently when faced with the same struggles. This curiosity led me to become a therapist, driven by a desire to help others with their unique challenges. My approach to OCD therapy is to empower you in your treatment journey. We will work together to address the challenges in your life, with no judgment, acknowledging that every emotion is important. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for people with OCD. Our deep understanding of OCD’s nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
Growing up, I was curious about why we all feel so differently when faced with the same struggles. This curiosity led me to become a therapist, driven by a desire to help others with their unique challenges. My approach to OCD therapy is to empower you in your treatment journey. We will work together to address the challenges in your life, with no judgment, acknowledging that every emotion is important. At NOCD, my team and I specialize in providing evidence-based treatment for people with OCD. Our deep understanding of OCD’s nuances enables us to properly diagnose and treat it.
(470) 237-7833 View (470) 237-7833
Photo of Dr. Neha Khorana, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Dr. Neha Khorana
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30324  (Online Only)
Psychologist & unscripted/reality TV consultant. I work with women who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, postpartum, managing cultural dynamics, relational/family stress, career transitions, etc. As a wife and mother, I truly understand the various challenges faced by other women in regards to their career, family, relationships and self-love. In addition, I specialize in psychological assessments for ADHD, reality TV/casting, diagnostic testing, personality, disability, working closely with your providers to determine the best course of treatment.
Psychologist & unscripted/reality TV consultant. I work with women who may be struggling with anxiety, depression, postpartum, managing cultural dynamics, relational/family stress, career transitions, etc. As a wife and mother, I truly understand the various challenges faced by other women in regards to their career, family, relationships and self-love. In addition, I specialize in psychological assessments for ADHD, reality TV/casting, diagnostic testing, personality, disability, working closely with your providers to determine the best course of treatment.
(470) 431-4425 View (470) 431-4425
Photo of Xcel Arnold, MBA, BA
Xcel Arnold
MBA, BA
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30341
I have a tremendous amount of success with dealing with clients, that have anxiety (diagnosed, diagnosed). The therapies that is used in our sessions are quite different than most mainstream psychologist. The goal is to help you become well overall and without dependence on medication. Coping strategies will be identified and you will leave sessions with a new awareness of issues that are problematic for you. We will engage in Client-Centered therapy; in such, I will personally help you navigate to help arrive to the best possible outcome for you. Consider me as your personal navigator!
I have a tremendous amount of success with dealing with clients, that have anxiety (diagnosed, diagnosed). The therapies that is used in our sessions are quite different than most mainstream psychologist. The goal is to help you become well overall and without dependence on medication. Coping strategies will be identified and you will leave sessions with a new awareness of issues that are problematic for you. We will engage in Client-Centered therapy; in such, I will personally help you navigate to help arrive to the best possible outcome for you. Consider me as your personal navigator!
(678) 264-3163 View (678) 264-3163
Photo of Joni Edwards Prince, PhD, Psychologist
Joni Edwards Prince
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30328
Not accepting new clients
Ours is a stressful world and anxiety disorders is one of my specialties. It's important to directly work with both the sources of stress and your stress responses (rapid heart rate, breathing difficulty, etc) to help you feel more in control and happier with life. I use cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness strategies in my therapy. The most important key to successful therapy is the relationship between us. This collaboration, our working together, gets things off on the right foot in helping you work on the issues you brought to therapy.
Ours is a stressful world and anxiety disorders is one of my specialties. It's important to directly work with both the sources of stress and your stress responses (rapid heart rate, breathing difficulty, etc) to help you feel more in control and happier with life. I use cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness strategies in my therapy. The most important key to successful therapy is the relationship between us. This collaboration, our working together, gets things off on the right foot in helping you work on the issues you brought to therapy.
(404) 445-2362 View (404) 445-2362
Photo of Drew Phillips, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Drew Phillips
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30324
If your life and relationships aren't going the way you'd like, if your marriage feels painful, if you're at your wit's end with your children's behavior, if you want to do things differently but feel stuck- I'd like to help. Anxiety, depression, self-esteem, intimacy, personal boundaries, parenting issues, divorce and its impact on the children- all of these can be overwhelming and difficult to navigate well. I work with children and families (ages 5+), parents, adult men, and couples.
If your life and relationships aren't going the way you'd like, if your marriage feels painful, if you're at your wit's end with your children's behavior, if you want to do things differently but feel stuck- I'd like to help. Anxiety, depression, self-esteem, intimacy, personal boundaries, parenting issues, divorce and its impact on the children- all of these can be overwhelming and difficult to navigate well. I work with children and families (ages 5+), parents, adult men, and couples.
(678) 647-9031 View (678) 647-9031
Photo of Whitney R. Turner, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Whitney R. Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Atlanta, GA 30318  (Online Only)
My work focuses on meeting my clients where they are and fostering a relationship that allows for the creation of a deep connection and a collaborative space where possibilities can be explored and change can happen. My non-judgmental, calm approach allows me to work well with a number of concerns including emotional & relational challenges, self-esteem/ self-identify work, depression, anxiety and other mood disorders. I help clients process and understand their underlying emotions, while building skill in a way that empowers them to not only see change while in session, but sustain it for a fuller and happier life.
My work focuses on meeting my clients where they are and fostering a relationship that allows for the creation of a deep connection and a collaborative space where possibilities can be explored and change can happen. My non-judgmental, calm approach allows me to work well with a number of concerns including emotional & relational challenges, self-esteem/ self-identify work, depression, anxiety and other mood disorders. I help clients process and understand their underlying emotions, while building skill in a way that empowers them to not only see change while in session, but sustain it for a fuller and happier life.
(678) 899-6982 View (678) 899-6982
Photo of Dr. Onoriode Evwaraye, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Onoriode Evwaraye
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30329  (Online Only)
Life can be hard at times. Trust me, I get it. Navigating our interpersonal relationships can be difficult. Whether it is challenges in our romantic relationships, managing our children’s behavior concerns, or establishing healthy boundaries with our friends and family – It can be tough. Struggles in relationships can lead to depression or anxiety, self-doubt, or lack of confidence. Often we know that we want a change, but be unsure how to achieve that change.
Life can be hard at times. Trust me, I get it. Navigating our interpersonal relationships can be difficult. Whether it is challenges in our romantic relationships, managing our children’s behavior concerns, or establishing healthy boundaries with our friends and family – It can be tough. Struggles in relationships can lead to depression or anxiety, self-doubt, or lack of confidence. Often we know that we want a change, but be unsure how to achieve that change.
(678) 750-1614 View (678) 750-1614
Photo of Ebony Booker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ebony Booker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30349  (Online Only)
The tools that I'll provide are the ones that I have crafted and utilized over my career in order to help people just like you. My goal is for you to learn those tools, modify them and put them into practice. They are very simple and easy to implement, so no matter the situation or the life stressor you will be able to utilize them at any time. We will work collaboratively to address areas of improvement or giving you the most challenges, develop a plan and implement tools to address the identified need.
The tools that I'll provide are the ones that I have crafted and utilized over my career in order to help people just like you. My goal is for you to learn those tools, modify them and put them into practice. They are very simple and easy to implement, so no matter the situation or the life stressor you will be able to utilize them at any time. We will work collaboratively to address areas of improvement or giving you the most challenges, develop a plan and implement tools to address the identified need.
(866) 738-3081 View (866) 738-3081
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Atlanta, GA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Atlanta, GA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
68% Stress
66% Relationship Issues
66% Self Esteem
63% Trauma and PTSD
61% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Atlanta, GA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Atlanta?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.