Therapists in Port Washington, NY

Photo of Michelle Wallace, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Michelle Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
As a warm, interactive psychotherapist, I will help you gain insight and understanding in order to alleviate symptoms, enhance relationships, and manage stressors. I provide a supportive, nonjudgmental environment where you can safely express feelings and concerns, while working towards therapeutic goals. Together we can explore behavioral/relational patterns, and discover effective coping skills that best fit your needs. For over a decade I have helped adults, young adults, and teens, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, insecurities, postpartum, career change and adjusting to life transitions.
As a warm, interactive psychotherapist, I will help you gain insight and understanding in order to alleviate symptoms, enhance relationships, and manage stressors. I provide a supportive, nonjudgmental environment where you can safely express feelings and concerns, while working towards therapeutic goals. Together we can explore behavioral/relational patterns, and discover effective coping skills that best fit your needs. For over a decade I have helped adults, young adults, and teens, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, insecurities, postpartum, career change and adjusting to life transitions.
(516) 686-9981 View (516) 686-9981
Photo of Carrie E Diamond-Feldman, Counselor in Port Washington, NY
Carrie E Diamond-Feldman
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
We’ve been through a lot these past few years, maybe longer. You somehow are keeping it together, but the feeling of thriving is distant. Maybe you are too in your head or distracted to experience life fully. Procrastination is interfering with doing the things you know would help. Perhaps resentment or dissatisfaction has taken over your relationships- Maybe your child is struggling, Or perhaps you are dealing with something more intense; gender questioning or transition; a history of trauma; a significant life change. You've been thinking about finding support, now maybe you're ready. You want to reconnect with resilience and joy
We’ve been through a lot these past few years, maybe longer. You somehow are keeping it together, but the feeling of thriving is distant. Maybe you are too in your head or distracted to experience life fully. Procrastination is interfering with doing the things you know would help. Perhaps resentment or dissatisfaction has taken over your relationships- Maybe your child is struggling, Or perhaps you are dealing with something more intense; gender questioning or transition; a history of trauma; a significant life change. You've been thinking about finding support, now maybe you're ready. You want to reconnect with resilience and joy
(516) 500-7945 View (516) 500-7945
Photo of Amy Roth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Amy Roth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
Life is not always easy. Sometimes it throws challenges our way that we feel like we can't handle. Starting therapy is tough. Living day to day life can also be exhausting. Just being human alone is exhausting, but even harder when we put pressure on ourselves to live up to a certain unrealistic expectation. I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker with advanced training from The Training Institute for Mental Health in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. I have worked with children and families for over 25 years. I specialize in working with adults and teens who are struggling with anxiety, depression and trauma.
Life is not always easy. Sometimes it throws challenges our way that we feel like we can't handle. Starting therapy is tough. Living day to day life can also be exhausting. Just being human alone is exhausting, but even harder when we put pressure on ourselves to live up to a certain unrealistic expectation. I am a licensed Clinical Social Worker with advanced training from The Training Institute for Mental Health in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. I have worked with children and families for over 25 years. I specialize in working with adults and teens who are struggling with anxiety, depression and trauma.
(516) 259-3636 View (516) 259-3636
Photo of Debra J. Brodsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Debra J. Brodsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Is self doubt, fear, anxiety about the future getting in your way of living? Are you experiencing illness anxiety, social anxiety, or intrusive self defeating thoughts? Are you stuck when trying to make life decisions? I can help you weigh out your options and formulate a plan in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
Is self doubt, fear, anxiety about the future getting in your way of living? Are you experiencing illness anxiety, social anxiety, or intrusive self defeating thoughts? Are you stuck when trying to make life decisions? I can help you weigh out your options and formulate a plan in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
(516) 387-9967 View (516) 387-9967
Photo of Dan L Epstein, Psychologist in Port Washington, NY
Dan L Epstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Finding a therapist that you feel can be of help to you can be a difficult process. How do you determine if someone has the background and experience that is relevant to your individual struggles? You may not even know if therapy is the way to go. With over 38 years in practice and a direct and caring approach, I provide a safe, non judgmental space that is conducive to self exploration. As you gain insight into yourself and you will also gain insight into others. This often results in feeling more connected with those around you. My clients often report they feel freer and empowered to make positive changes in their lives.
Finding a therapist that you feel can be of help to you can be a difficult process. How do you determine if someone has the background and experience that is relevant to your individual struggles? You may not even know if therapy is the way to go. With over 38 years in practice and a direct and caring approach, I provide a safe, non judgmental space that is conducive to self exploration. As you gain insight into yourself and you will also gain insight into others. This often results in feeling more connected with those around you. My clients often report they feel freer and empowered to make positive changes in their lives.
(516) 548-1735 View (516) 548-1735
Photo of Vella Consulting Inc in Port Washington, NY
Vella Consulting Inc
M Ed
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Educational and Therapeutic Consulting practice assisting parents in need of guidance with placement in traditional boarding schools, alternative day schools, colleges and all levels of therapeutic and residential placements for any age. Traditional and non traditional settings for children, young adults and adults.
Educational and Therapeutic Consulting practice assisting parents in need of guidance with placement in traditional boarding schools, alternative day schools, colleges and all levels of therapeutic and residential placements for any age. Traditional and non traditional settings for children, young adults and adults.
(516) 570-9487 View (516) 570-9487
Photo of Dena S Prybutok, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Dena S Prybutok
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Life can be difficult. It can throw us for a loop. We can suddenly find ourselves feeling alone, bewildered. Life's transitions and changes can easily overwhelm us and it feels as though it is more than we can handle. But I can help you. I am here to encourage you, to support you. With an objective, non-judgmental ear and an open mind, I can give you another perspective. Sometimes, all it takes is another perspective to make life's challenges feel less intimidating.
Life can be difficult. It can throw us for a loop. We can suddenly find ourselves feeling alone, bewildered. Life's transitions and changes can easily overwhelm us and it feels as though it is more than we can handle. But I can help you. I am here to encourage you, to support you. With an objective, non-judgmental ear and an open mind, I can give you another perspective. Sometimes, all it takes is another perspective to make life's challenges feel less intimidating.
(646) 798-6859 View (646) 798-6859
Photo of Dr Jaclyn M. Levy - Gold Coast Psychology, PLLC , Psychologist in Port Washington, NY
Dr Jaclyn M. Levy - Gold Coast Psychology, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
Beginning therapy, whether you are going for the first time, or are restarting a process can feel difficult and even lonely. There is a never a "bad" time to take that first step, and finding the right therapist can help you make that long lasting change that you deserve. By building a relationship centered on safety, authenticity, and collaboration, I help to foster an environment where you can begin to explore, heal, and grow. My approach to psychotherapy is focused on finding a treatment that is tailored to your needs - not "one-size-fits-all."
Beginning therapy, whether you are going for the first time, or are restarting a process can feel difficult and even lonely. There is a never a "bad" time to take that first step, and finding the right therapist can help you make that long lasting change that you deserve. By building a relationship centered on safety, authenticity, and collaboration, I help to foster an environment where you can begin to explore, heal, and grow. My approach to psychotherapy is focused on finding a treatment that is tailored to your needs - not "one-size-fits-all."
(516) 447-2863 View (516) 447-2863
Photo of Ellen Satloff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Ellen Satloff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Are you feeling disappointed in your life...frustrated with your marriage, parenting, friendships or any other important relationships? Are you overwhelmed and overstressed..consumed with worry, anxiety, sadness, depression or fear? So often peoples' lives are hampered by negative habitual thoughts and feelings that interfere with their sense of well being and lead to the feeling that something is wrong with "me", with"you", with my life. I work with people in supportive, empathic, positive and interactive therapeutic relationships... individuals , couples, families and groups...children, adolescents and adults. I treat families
Are you feeling disappointed in your life...frustrated with your marriage, parenting, friendships or any other important relationships? Are you overwhelmed and overstressed..consumed with worry, anxiety, sadness, depression or fear? So often peoples' lives are hampered by negative habitual thoughts and feelings that interfere with their sense of well being and lead to the feeling that something is wrong with "me", with"you", with my life. I work with people in supportive, empathic, positive and interactive therapeutic relationships... individuals , couples, families and groups...children, adolescents and adults. I treat families
(516) 619-8151 View (516) 619-8151
Photo of Lynn Pinkham, Psychologist in Port Washington, NY
Lynn Pinkham
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
I am an experienced clinical psychologist (over 25 years of experience) who tries to understand a client's experience from the inside out. I have worked with people from diverse backgrounds and with a broad range of concerns. My sessions are interactive and lively since I am committed to providing a supportive, collaborative and empathic space.
I am an experienced clinical psychologist (over 25 years of experience) who tries to understand a client's experience from the inside out. I have worked with people from diverse backgrounds and with a broad range of concerns. My sessions are interactive and lively since I am committed to providing a supportive, collaborative and empathic space.
(929) 560-6392 View (929) 560-6392
Photo of Loren Lapenna Goold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Loren Lapenna Goold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker in New York, specializing in children, youth and families. My passion has always been to help children and adolescents find their strengths, learn to become mindful of their emotions and communicate their needs so they can be their best selves. Everyone should have a safe and healing place to work through life's difficulties. My goal is to help children reach their fullest potential and help their families live a more harmonious and happier life together.
I am Licensed Clinical Social Worker in New York, specializing in children, youth and families. My passion has always been to help children and adolescents find their strengths, learn to become mindful of their emotions and communicate their needs so they can be their best selves. Everyone should have a safe and healing place to work through life's difficulties. My goal is to help children reach their fullest potential and help their families live a more harmonious and happier life together.
(516) 980-5819 View (516) 980-5819
Photo of Danielle Scheinberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Danielle Scheinberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping people struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, interpersonal issues at home, work and school, or those trying to break free of unhelpful patterns. As a former lawyer, I understand the unique demands, stress, and expectations many lawyers, students, executives, and high-level professionals experience, including perfectionism, imposter syndrome, relationship struggles, and difficulty achieving a work-life balance. Together, we can explore how your life experiences impact your current relationships and patterns in order to help you live fully and authentically.
I specialize in helping people struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, interpersonal issues at home, work and school, or those trying to break free of unhelpful patterns. As a former lawyer, I understand the unique demands, stress, and expectations many lawyers, students, executives, and high-level professionals experience, including perfectionism, imposter syndrome, relationship struggles, and difficulty achieving a work-life balance. Together, we can explore how your life experiences impact your current relationships and patterns in order to help you live fully and authentically.
(516) 517-9011 View (516) 517-9011
Photo of Better Life Associates, Pre-Licensed Professional in Port Washington, NY
Better Life Associates
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Hi, I’m Dr. Sukriti Gupta. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, individuals and couples, offering a relational approach to empower people to play an active role in their healing process by utilizing their strengths and resources to thrive. I approach therapy through an attachment and systemic lens, helping clients gain new insights by exploring the ways that past experiences influence their current lives, relationships and family dynamics. I strongly believe in meeting clients where they are and providing various skills and tools to help them strive toward their personal goals.
Hi, I’m Dr. Sukriti Gupta. I enjoy working with children, adolescents, individuals and couples, offering a relational approach to empower people to play an active role in their healing process by utilizing their strengths and resources to thrive. I approach therapy through an attachment and systemic lens, helping clients gain new insights by exploring the ways that past experiences influence their current lives, relationships and family dynamics. I strongly believe in meeting clients where they are and providing various skills and tools to help them strive toward their personal goals.
(516) 604-5715 View (516) 604-5715
Photo of Alexis J. S. Sturnick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Alexis J. S. Sturnick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
We are all human and experience hard “things” at one time or another. Hard doesn't always have a concrete definition. Our difficulties and challenges are rarely the same as we are all unique. What is the same is that we all deserve a space to deal with the weight that so often bears down on our shoulders, regardless of how light or heavy that may be. Now more than ever, there is a need for dedicated mental health professionals who wholeheartedly want to work cohesively and collaboratively with their clients towards their goals of being their best and most authentic selves. I am here to support you.
We are all human and experience hard “things” at one time or another. Hard doesn't always have a concrete definition. Our difficulties and challenges are rarely the same as we are all unique. What is the same is that we all deserve a space to deal with the weight that so often bears down on our shoulders, regardless of how light or heavy that may be. Now more than ever, there is a need for dedicated mental health professionals who wholeheartedly want to work cohesively and collaboratively with their clients towards their goals of being their best and most authentic selves. I am here to support you.
(631) 527-6743 View (631) 527-6743
Photo of Marni Siegel Tuch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Marni Siegel Tuch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Parenting a young child can be challenging! I am a Licensed, Clinical Social Worker with 25 years experience working with young children and their families. I specialize in individual therapy with children and their parents to reach behavioral and therapeutic goals. My work addresses: • School concerns • Hitting and biting • Temper tantrums • Bed-time routines • Toilet training and toileting issues • Working through fears • Bereavement support • Special-education issues • Eating patterns • Social anxiety • Divorce/family changes. • Adoption •
Parenting a young child can be challenging! I am a Licensed, Clinical Social Worker with 25 years experience working with young children and their families. I specialize in individual therapy with children and their parents to reach behavioral and therapeutic goals. My work addresses: • School concerns • Hitting and biting • Temper tantrums • Bed-time routines • Toilet training and toileting issues • Working through fears • Bereavement support • Special-education issues • Eating patterns • Social anxiety • Divorce/family changes. • Adoption •
(516) 604-3251 View (516) 604-3251
Photo of Gloria Marmor, Psychologist in Port Washington, NY
Gloria Marmor
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Welcome. My goals as therapist and psychological counselor are to provide support and help for people experiencing negative feelings, self-defeating behavior, social problems, work problems or other personal difficulties.
Welcome. My goals as therapist and psychological counselor are to provide support and help for people experiencing negative feelings, self-defeating behavior, social problems, work problems or other personal difficulties.
(516) 246-2644 View (516) 246-2644
Photo of Karen Arluck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Karen Arluck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
My approach is warm, empathic, and creative, and I utilize a collaborative therapeutic process informed by Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Gestalt, and Masterson's psychotherapy theories. There are many reasons to come to therapy, and usually a person begins because something is bothering them, and they may be feeling "stuck". In therapy, you can work towards feeling better, improving the areas you are struggling in, and addressing the life obstacles that you may be facing. I believe each person brings their unique strengths to the process as well as issues they would like to resolve.
My approach is warm, empathic, and creative, and I utilize a collaborative therapeutic process informed by Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Gestalt, and Masterson's psychotherapy theories. There are many reasons to come to therapy, and usually a person begins because something is bothering them, and they may be feeling "stuck". In therapy, you can work towards feeling better, improving the areas you are struggling in, and addressing the life obstacles that you may be facing. I believe each person brings their unique strengths to the process as well as issues they would like to resolve.
(347) 682-2790 View (347) 682-2790
Photo of Haley Rottenberg, Psychologist in Port Washington, NY
Haley Rottenberg
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050
Dr. Rottenberg is a clinical psychologist, licensed in New York State. Dr. Rottenberg specializes in evidence based treatments for children, adolescents, and adults. She uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to help you learn skills to effectively manage thoughts, emotions, and urges. Dr. Rottenberg's approach of acceptance and change will help you to understand and validate your current experience while moving toward your life worth living.
Dr. Rottenberg is a clinical psychologist, licensed in New York State. Dr. Rottenberg specializes in evidence based treatments for children, adolescents, and adults. She uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to help you learn skills to effectively manage thoughts, emotions, and urges. Dr. Rottenberg's approach of acceptance and change will help you to understand and validate your current experience while moving toward your life worth living.
(516) 980-5690 View (516) 980-5690
Photo of Marlo Spilko, Counselor in Port Washington, NY
Marlo Spilko
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Port Washington, NY 11050  (Online Only)
Are you looking to attain healthier relationships with loved ones, friends and co workers or yourself but do not know what is contributing to these setbacks? If your anxiety, depression or negative thinking patterns have become unmanageable, we can work together to find out how to make life better. The therapy session will be specific to your needs at a pace which is comfortable for you. We are all works in progress and can all benefit from learning new ways of handling our thoughts and behaviors.
Are you looking to attain healthier relationships with loved ones, friends and co workers or yourself but do not know what is contributing to these setbacks? If your anxiety, depression or negative thinking patterns have become unmanageable, we can work together to find out how to make life better. The therapy session will be specific to your needs at a pace which is comfortable for you. We are all works in progress and can all benefit from learning new ways of handling our thoughts and behaviors.
(516) 774-5081 View (516) 774-5081
Photo of Rosemary McNamara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Port Washington, NY
Rosemary McNamara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Washington, NY 11050
Transitions from one life stage to another can be challenging. Anxiety, depression or feeling 'stuck' can get in the way of achieving ones goals and aspirations. Overcoming the obstacles that may be interfering with those goals is a primary focus of therapy. I have worked extensively with individuals who are struggling with understanding what is getting in the way of their success, which include emotional roadblocks, inattention, focus, purpose and identity. I have had extensive experience with young and older adults struggling with separation, executive functioning disorder and post career transitions.
Transitions from one life stage to another can be challenging. Anxiety, depression or feeling 'stuck' can get in the way of achieving ones goals and aspirations. Overcoming the obstacles that may be interfering with those goals is a primary focus of therapy. I have worked extensively with individuals who are struggling with understanding what is getting in the way of their success, which include emotional roadblocks, inattention, focus, purpose and identity. I have had extensive experience with young and older adults struggling with separation, executive functioning disorder and post career transitions.
(516) 518-5321 View (516) 518-5321

See more therapy options for Port Washington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Port Washington, NY

100+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Port Washington, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
67% Family Conflict
62% Parenting

Average years in practice

19 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Oxford

How Therapists in Port Washington, NY see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Port Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.