Therapists in 07012

Photo of Richard Eli Zilka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Richard Eli Zilka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Clifton, NJ 07012
Waitlist for new clients
All relationships rupture...but not all relationships repair. A couple's ability to safely and effectively repair their ruptures, and heal their pain, is an essential ingredient to any healthy long-term connection. In my office, I meet a great variety of people and relationship types; some are merely dating, while others are already engaged, or have begun the marital journey... and yet others are anywhere from 10-50 years into their marriage. What unites them all is the great human need and desire to feel understood, seen, safe, loved, and held.
All relationships rupture...but not all relationships repair. A couple's ability to safely and effectively repair their ruptures, and heal their pain, is an essential ingredient to any healthy long-term connection. In my office, I meet a great variety of people and relationship types; some are merely dating, while others are already engaged, or have begun the marital journey... and yet others are anywhere from 10-50 years into their marriage. What unites them all is the great human need and desire to feel understood, seen, safe, loved, and held.
(973) 359-5887 View (973) 359-5887
Photo of Danielle Zimmerman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Danielle Zimmerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Clifton, NJ 07012
Do you feel overwhelmed at times, with emotions that feel too much to handle? Do you have difficulty maintaining meaningful relationships? Do you struggle with feeling not good enough? Do you or does someone you love struggle with addiction?
Do you feel overwhelmed at times, with emotions that feel too much to handle? Do you have difficulty maintaining meaningful relationships? Do you struggle with feeling not good enough? Do you or does someone you love struggle with addiction?
(973) 556-2981 View (973) 556-2981
Photo of Kristina Colletti, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Kristina Colletti
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in the aftermath of trauma or struggling with symptoms of post-traumatic stress? You're not alone—and you don’t have to face it alone. I’m Kristina Colletti, a Board Certified Counselor licensed in both NJ and NY. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma and post-traumatic stress injuries, with a particular focus on supporting first responders. As a former first responder, I understand the unique challenges and experiences that come with the job—and the toll it can take. Trauma can affect your mind, body, and relationships in ways that are sometimes hard to name.
Are you feeling stuck in the aftermath of trauma or struggling with symptoms of post-traumatic stress? You're not alone—and you don’t have to face it alone. I’m Kristina Colletti, a Board Certified Counselor licensed in both NJ and NY. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma and post-traumatic stress injuries, with a particular focus on supporting first responders. As a former first responder, I understand the unique challenges and experiences that come with the job—and the toll it can take. Trauma can affect your mind, body, and relationships in ways that are sometimes hard to name.
(973) 447-9346 View (973) 447-9346
Photo of Michael Buchman, Counselor, LAC
Michael Buchman
Counselor, LAC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Michael has always felt a natural inclination towards helping those around him. He takes an integrative approach and creates a unique treatment plan for his clients depending on their personalities, life circumstances, and goals. He believes that just as medicine is not a one-size-fits-all solution, therapy must also be uniquely tailored for each individual. Michael has a firm conviction in people’s innate ability to find the resolutions to their struggles. He is here to help you recognize your strengths and support you on your journey towards fulfillment.
Michael has always felt a natural inclination towards helping those around him. He takes an integrative approach and creates a unique treatment plan for his clients depending on their personalities, life circumstances, and goals. He believes that just as medicine is not a one-size-fits-all solution, therapy must also be uniquely tailored for each individual. Michael has a firm conviction in people’s innate ability to find the resolutions to their struggles. He is here to help you recognize your strengths and support you on your journey towards fulfillment.
(973) 846-9281 View (973) 846-9281
Photo of Matthew Lichten, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC, ACS, LLC
Matthew Lichten
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC, ACS, LLC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Life can be challenging and sometimes overwhelming. Therapy is a safe place where you can understand yourself better and learn how to use tools to cope with depression, anxiety, and substance use which often creates more stress and relationship/family problems. Whether you are struggling with school or work, I can provide you with meaningful strategies and support to help you through this difficult time. In my approach to treatment, I aim to help you understand the importance of the Mind-Body Relationship and spirituality as vehicles for positive change.
Life can be challenging and sometimes overwhelming. Therapy is a safe place where you can understand yourself better and learn how to use tools to cope with depression, anxiety, and substance use which often creates more stress and relationship/family problems. Whether you are struggling with school or work, I can provide you with meaningful strategies and support to help you through this difficult time. In my approach to treatment, I aim to help you understand the importance of the Mind-Body Relationship and spirituality as vehicles for positive change.
(201) 354-2029 View (201) 354-2029
Photo of Virginia A Meinke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Virginia A Meinke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Clifton, NJ 07012
My experiences led me to a core belief that informs my work--the human spirit is resilient. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker my integrative approach with clients is focused on meeting individual needs and goals. Through exploration you will come to understand and improve your sense of self. Allow me to assist you to understand the signals of distress and reclaim your life!
My experiences led me to a core belief that informs my work--the human spirit is resilient. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker my integrative approach with clients is focused on meeting individual needs and goals. Through exploration you will come to understand and improve your sense of self. Allow me to assist you to understand the signals of distress and reclaim your life!
(201) 762-8909 View (201) 762-8909
Photo of Henchi Goldberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP, SRT, EMDR
Henchi Goldberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP, SRT, EMDR
Clifton, NJ 07012
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Somatic practitioner, and SEP, I believe in a strength-based approach to help each person discover their own unique strengths and abilities. As a happily married woman myself and a proud mother of a beautiful family, I draw on my personal and professional trainings to help individuals, couples and families lead more loving, involved and happy lives together. Working with a holistic approach, I may integrate many modalities, to tailor the healing to each individual. I am trained in EMDR (Emdria certified) SE, SRT, dARE, DBT, FBT, CBT, and TIST. My approach is soft and gentle yet goal oriented.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Somatic practitioner, and SEP, I believe in a strength-based approach to help each person discover their own unique strengths and abilities. As a happily married woman myself and a proud mother of a beautiful family, I draw on my personal and professional trainings to help individuals, couples and families lead more loving, involved and happy lives together. Working with a holistic approach, I may integrate many modalities, to tailor the healing to each individual. I am trained in EMDR (Emdria certified) SE, SRT, dARE, DBT, FBT, CBT, and TIST. My approach is soft and gentle yet goal oriented.
(973) 587-2460 View (973) 587-2460
Photo of Miriam Adler, Psychologist, PhD, CHT
Miriam Adler
Psychologist, PhD, CHT
Clifton, NJ 07012
Do you suffer from stress, depression or anxiety? Do you have difficulty just getting through the day? Don't give up on yourself! I am an experienced therapist who personalizes therapy to match each client's individual needs and personality. My style is warm and supportive, with a solution oriented, down-to-earth approach. I make therapy a comfortable and natural experience- I love what I do, and will give you my undivided attention. I can give you the tools to build upon your strengths, work around your weaknesses, and develop a sense of inner balance and well-being.
Do you suffer from stress, depression or anxiety? Do you have difficulty just getting through the day? Don't give up on yourself! I am an experienced therapist who personalizes therapy to match each client's individual needs and personality. My style is warm and supportive, with a solution oriented, down-to-earth approach. I make therapy a comfortable and natural experience- I love what I do, and will give you my undivided attention. I can give you the tools to build upon your strengths, work around your weaknesses, and develop a sense of inner balance and well-being.
(973) 317-8121 x253 View (973) 317-8121 x253
Photo of Chastity M. Biagiotti - Beyond Therapy and Wellness, Counselor, MA, LPC
Beyond Therapy and Wellness
Counselor, MA, LPC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Are you feeling overwhelmed by persistent worry, sadness, or haunted by past trauma? Do you find it difficult to break free from negative thought patterns that impact your daily life? I specialize in utilizing evidence-based practices to address the unique needs of individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. My sessions are carefully tailored to address the nuanced aspects of your experiences, fostering a healing journey that aligns with your unique needs.Through a blend of therapeutic modalities, we work together to uncover underlying factors and develop coping strategies to break through the barriers to recovery.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by persistent worry, sadness, or haunted by past trauma? Do you find it difficult to break free from negative thought patterns that impact your daily life? I specialize in utilizing evidence-based practices to address the unique needs of individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. My sessions are carefully tailored to address the nuanced aspects of your experiences, fostering a healing journey that aligns with your unique needs.Through a blend of therapeutic modalities, we work together to uncover underlying factors and develop coping strategies to break through the barriers to recovery.
(201) 485-5537 View (201) 485-5537
Photo of Rachel Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCM
Rachel Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCM
Online Only
Is a serious illness or disability in your life impacting you? Are you grieving the loss of a loved one? Do you feel lonely or lacking purpose? Are you no longer interested in the activities you once enjoyed? Are you feeling vulnerable as you age? Your emotions are normal reactions to the changes in your life and important aspects of your current challenges. I can help you explore them so that they no longer overwhelm you. By working with me to identify strategies to manage your feelings, you can adjust to these transitions and begin to feel better.
Is a serious illness or disability in your life impacting you? Are you grieving the loss of a loved one? Do you feel lonely or lacking purpose? Are you no longer interested in the activities you once enjoyed? Are you feeling vulnerable as you age? Your emotions are normal reactions to the changes in your life and important aspects of your current challenges. I can help you explore them so that they no longer overwhelm you. By working with me to identify strategies to manage your feelings, you can adjust to these transitions and begin to feel better.
(973) 791-5501 View (973) 791-5501
Photo of Simona C Cassatly - Time To Heal Counseling & Associates, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdM, MA, LPC
Time To Heal Counseling & Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdM, MA, LPC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Welcome to Time To Heal Counseling! Life's challenges, stress, and adverse experiences negatively impact our ability to function as well as our quality of life. It takes courage and hard work to make the necessary changes to achieve and maintain happiness. Our goal is to provide a safe, nurturing, and supportive environment that will facilitate the healing process. Our dedicated therapists work with children, adolescents, and adults using evidence-based strategies and techniques that can be applied to all areas of life. We are located in a professional, comfortable setting, easily accessible by public transportation.
Welcome to Time To Heal Counseling! Life's challenges, stress, and adverse experiences negatively impact our ability to function as well as our quality of life. It takes courage and hard work to make the necessary changes to achieve and maintain happiness. Our goal is to provide a safe, nurturing, and supportive environment that will facilitate the healing process. Our dedicated therapists work with children, adolescents, and adults using evidence-based strategies and techniques that can be applied to all areas of life. We are located in a professional, comfortable setting, easily accessible by public transportation.
(973) 860-3185 View (973) 860-3185
Photo of Devora Burnstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LMSW
Devora Burnstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, my name is Devora Burnstein. As a licensed social worker, I primarily work with adults, adolescents, and children of various backgrounds who are feeling stressed, anxious, and are overwhelmed by life changes. I am passionate about working with individuals to help them better understand their emotions and behaviors and help them navigate the difficulties that they are experiencing in their lives. My immediate goal is to provide symptom relief and subsequently address any underlying causes and issues. My goal is to help clients feel better and be able to maintain those feelings long-term.
Hi, my name is Devora Burnstein. As a licensed social worker, I primarily work with adults, adolescents, and children of various backgrounds who are feeling stressed, anxious, and are overwhelmed by life changes. I am passionate about working with individuals to help them better understand their emotions and behaviors and help them navigate the difficulties that they are experiencing in their lives. My immediate goal is to provide symptom relief and subsequently address any underlying causes and issues. My goal is to help clients feel better and be able to maintain those feelings long-term.
(973) 620-7065 View (973) 620-7065
Photo of Brittney Barat, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brittney Barat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Clifton, NJ 07012
Are you or your child struggling with moodiness, emotional reactivity, impulsivity or focus? Do you or your child have difficulty setting goals and consistently achieving them? Do you or your child WANT to do things right, but inevitably mess up? I specialize in helping people like you- people who mean well and want to do good- but somehow just "can't" be who they want to be. It is so painful to feel inadequate inside... and even more painful to watch your child feel that way... My current work as a school counselor and background in addictions has given me a unique perspective on how to help children and teens thrive.
Are you or your child struggling with moodiness, emotional reactivity, impulsivity or focus? Do you or your child have difficulty setting goals and consistently achieving them? Do you or your child WANT to do things right, but inevitably mess up? I specialize in helping people like you- people who mean well and want to do good- but somehow just "can't" be who they want to be. It is so painful to feel inadequate inside... and even more painful to watch your child feel that way... My current work as a school counselor and background in addictions has given me a unique perspective on how to help children and teens thrive.
(862) 260-8491 x201 View (862) 260-8491 x201
Photo of Erica Buchman, LPC Intern
Erica Buchman
LPC Intern
1 Endorsed
Clifton, NJ 07012
You might be feeling stuck, disconnected, or weighed down by something you can’t quite name. Maybe you’re navigating burnout, trauma, ADHD, a major life shift, or a powerful psychedelic experience. You’re looking for clarity, motivation, and a way back to yourself—even if you’re not sure what that looks like yet. You want someone who gets it, who can help you sort through the noise with compassion and curiosity. You want a therapist who sees your strengths—even when you can’t.
You might be feeling stuck, disconnected, or weighed down by something you can’t quite name. Maybe you’re navigating burnout, trauma, ADHD, a major life shift, or a powerful psychedelic experience. You’re looking for clarity, motivation, and a way back to yourself—even if you’re not sure what that looks like yet. You want someone who gets it, who can help you sort through the noise with compassion and curiosity. You want a therapist who sees your strengths—even when you can’t.
(973) 604-4976 View (973) 604-4976
Photo of Avi Muschel, Psychologist, PsyD
Avi Muschel
Psychologist, PsyD
Clifton, NJ 07012
Are you getting frustrated at how challenging it is for you to end up "happily ever after"? Whether you're struggling to find the "right one," preparing for a committed relationship, want to work on a troubled relationship, or trying to re-ignite the energy in your existing relationship, you've come to the right place.
Are you getting frustrated at how challenging it is for you to end up "happily ever after"? Whether you're struggling to find the "right one," preparing for a committed relationship, want to work on a troubled relationship, or trying to re-ignite the energy in your existing relationship, you've come to the right place.
(845) 203-2409 View (845) 203-2409
Photo of Evi Carrillo, Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Evi Carrillo
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Online Only
My clients work with me to feel more in control of their emotions and their lives. I have guided clients through relationship based issues such as, healing from trauma, exploring alternative relationship styles, inner child work, while reducing feelings of anxiety, depression and grief.
My clients work with me to feel more in control of their emotions and their lives. I have guided clients through relationship based issues such as, healing from trauma, exploring alternative relationship styles, inner child work, while reducing feelings of anxiety, depression and grief.
View
Photo of Dawn Fifth - Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Clifton, NJ 07012
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(973) 874-2120 View (973) 874-2120
Photo of Dr. Daniel Cruz, Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Dr. Daniel Cruz
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
1 Endorsed
Clifton, NJ 07012
Did you experience trauma in childhood or adolescence? Are you still experiencing stress, anxiety, fear, or depression? Do you feel misunderstood by others, judged, or find it challenging to connect with others? Therapy is a safe place where you can understand yourself better and learn to cope with these thoughts and feelings, which may be interfering with your happiness, health, and relationships. Whether you are struggling with work or school, I can provide you with support and coping strategies to help you through this difficult time. Treatment is evidence-based, trauma-informed, person-centered, and strengths-focused.
Did you experience trauma in childhood or adolescence? Are you still experiencing stress, anxiety, fear, or depression? Do you feel misunderstood by others, judged, or find it challenging to connect with others? Therapy is a safe place where you can understand yourself better and learn to cope with these thoughts and feelings, which may be interfering with your happiness, health, and relationships. Whether you are struggling with work or school, I can provide you with support and coping strategies to help you through this difficult time. Treatment is evidence-based, trauma-informed, person-centered, and strengths-focused.
(908) 224-5161 View (908) 224-5161
Photo of Anthony Christopher-Smith - YRC Counseling & Consulting, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
YRC Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Clifton, NJ 07012
With all the pressures we face these days, it’s easy to feel stuck. Stuck in your old routines, in your job, with your loved ones. It can be hard to figure out where to go next in life. That can make us feel scattered, frustrated, anxious, even depressed. I’m here to help you get unstuck. || Con todas las presiones que enfrentamos estos días, es fácil sentirse estancado – en tus viejas rutinas, en tu trabajo, con tus seres queridos. Puede resultar difícil saber qué hacer próximo. Eso puede hacernos sentir dispersos, frustrados, ansiosos y deprimidos. Estoy aquí para ayudarte a despegarte.
With all the pressures we face these days, it’s easy to feel stuck. Stuck in your old routines, in your job, with your loved ones. It can be hard to figure out where to go next in life. That can make us feel scattered, frustrated, anxious, even depressed. I’m here to help you get unstuck. || Con todas las presiones que enfrentamos estos días, es fácil sentirse estancado – en tus viejas rutinas, en tu trabajo, con tus seres queridos. Puede resultar difícil saber qué hacer próximo. Eso puede hacernos sentir dispersos, frustrados, ansiosos y deprimidos. Estoy aquí para ayudarte a despegarte.
(862) 212-0150 View (862) 212-0150
Photo of Chaya Zuckerman, Licensed Social Worker , LSW, LMSW, SRT
Chaya Zuckerman
Licensed Social Worker , LSW, LMSW, SRT
3 Endorsed
Clifton, NJ 07012
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or struggling to cope with life's challenges? You do not have to face these difficulties alone! I am here to support and guide you on your journey towards a more meaningful and fulfilling life. My approach is centered around your unique needs and goals, providing a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or struggling to cope with life's challenges? You do not have to face these difficulties alone! I am here to support and guide you on your journey towards a more meaningful and fulfilling life. My approach is centered around your unique needs and goals, providing a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
(862) 407-4157 View (862) 407-4157

See more therapy options for 07012

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 07012

40+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in 07012 who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Family Conflict
67% Grief
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
65% Oxford
62% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 07012 see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 07012?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.