Therapists in 07043

Photo of Maria Sanders, LSW
Maria Sanders
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07043
Parents often struggle with managing their child’s challenging behaviors. I work with parents of kids of all ages and all abilities to find loving solutions to their parenting challenges. My work is supported by Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS), the evidence-based and trauma-informed approach for helping children with challenging behaviors develop the skills they need to manage their behavior. The CPS approach is proven to reduce challenging behavior, teach kids the skills they lack, and build relationships with the adults in their lives.
Parents often struggle with managing their child’s challenging behaviors. I work with parents of kids of all ages and all abilities to find loving solutions to their parenting challenges. My work is supported by Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS), the evidence-based and trauma-informed approach for helping children with challenging behaviors develop the skills they need to manage their behavior. The CPS approach is proven to reduce challenging behavior, teach kids the skills they lack, and build relationships with the adults in their lives.
(973) 860-3169 View (973) 860-3169
Photo of Angela Fairweather, Psychologist, PhD
Angela Fairweather
Psychologist, PhD
Montclair, NJ 07043
Welcome to Montclair Assessment Services, where we take pride in performing state of the art psychological evaluations on adults with psychiatric disorders and cognitive limitations in collaboration with their families and support networks. We provide a compassionate process that is both thorough and efficient.
Welcome to Montclair Assessment Services, where we take pride in performing state of the art psychological evaluations on adults with psychiatric disorders and cognitive limitations in collaboration with their families and support networks. We provide a compassionate process that is both thorough and efficient.
(862) 640-1349 View (862) 640-1349
Photo of Willard W C Ashley Sr., Licensed Psychoanalyst, DMin, MFT, SCP, NCPsyA, CGP
Willard W C Ashley Sr.
Licensed Psychoanalyst, DMin, MFT, SCP, NCPsyA, CGP
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
Whatever is stealing your joy and fulfillment, we can get it back. Illness, infidelity, insecurity, insults, and injustices are welcome topics we can explore together. Let my decades of experience and education help you find what you need to grow beyond any conflicts, inner struggles, or pain. I spent decades working with and teaching others how to help individuals, couples, families, and institutions. Through humor, humanistic care, and humility, my practice helps heal what was broken and bruised. Life can get better. Change can happen. Let's work together.
Whatever is stealing your joy and fulfillment, we can get it back. Illness, infidelity, insecurity, insults, and injustices are welcome topics we can explore together. Let my decades of experience and education help you find what you need to grow beyond any conflicts, inner struggles, or pain. I spent decades working with and teaching others how to help individuals, couples, families, and institutions. Through humor, humanistic care, and humility, my practice helps heal what was broken and bruised. Life can get better. Change can happen. Let's work together.
(201) 903-0258 View (201) 903-0258
Photo of Suzanne Seligson, Art Therapist, LPAT, ATR-BC, MPS
Suzanne Seligson
Art Therapist, LPAT, ATR-BC, MPS
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in life transitions? I help young adults navigate anxiety, grief, and major life changes in a warm, supportive space. I also work with clients across the lifespan, including children, adults, and older adults experiencing dementia or memory changes.
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or stuck in life transitions? I help young adults navigate anxiety, grief, and major life changes in a warm, supportive space. I also work with clients across the lifespan, including children, adults, and older adults experiencing dementia or memory changes.
(201) 581-1611 View (201) 581-1611
Photo of Staela Keegan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Staela Keegan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
1 Endorsed
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
Making the decision to go to therapy is the first step in your journey to overall wellness. I have over 25 years of experience helping people and their families find solutions. I offer a nonjudgmental, down to earth style that will ease you into the process. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, loss or the complex family issues that result from addiction, I can help you learn to cope and find hope through CBT and mindfulness techniques. I am eager to help empower you to find solutions, supports and to explore barriers that may be preventing you from reaching your goals.
Making the decision to go to therapy is the first step in your journey to overall wellness. I have over 25 years of experience helping people and their families find solutions. I offer a nonjudgmental, down to earth style that will ease you into the process. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, loss or the complex family issues that result from addiction, I can help you learn to cope and find hope through CBT and mindfulness techniques. I am eager to help empower you to find solutions, supports and to explore barriers that may be preventing you from reaching your goals.
(973) 506-2360 View (973) 506-2360
Photo of Jason Duncan, Psychologist, PhD
Jason Duncan
Psychologist, PhD
Montclair, NJ 07043
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
I am a psychologist providing therapy and assessment services for children through adults. I have extensive clinical experience and am an expert Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I’ve been trained by top therapy institutes, am a board member for well accomplished CBT organizations, and run the official podcast for the national CBT organization. I strive to regularly advance my knowledge and provide leading scientific treatments. I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, panic, OCD, trauma, stress, insomnia, ADHD, defiance, and work/school issues. Many of my clients lead busy lives; therefore, I offer evening appointments.
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Photo of Michaela D'Urso, Counselor, LMHC
Michaela D'Urso
Counselor, LMHC
Montclair, NJ 07043
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
Michaela is a passionate Cognitive Behavioral therapist (which is the most effective, researched, and validated therapy to date). She will work with you to identify and change overly negative thinking and unhelpful behaviors that interfere with your mood, reaching your goals, or hampering interpersonal relationships. She works with those struggling with depression, anxiety, worry, phobias, stress, body image issues, performance anxiety, defiant behavior in children, relationship struggles, and work/school issues.
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Photo of Laura Holland, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, EMDR, PMH-C
Laura Holland
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, EMDR, PMH-C
10 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
My goal is to support you in finding meaning and being more present in your life, utilizing a holistic approach that fits your unique strengths, needs, and culture. I am passionate about supporting teens, adults, and couples through this client-lead, goal-oriented approach. I am a counselor, art therapist, and certified in EMDR. These approaches allow me to meet a wide array of client needs, from day-to-day stress and anxiety, to the healing of deep trauma wounds or other stuck points as we expand toward your new areas of growth. Together, we will focus on your strengths to create a plan that feels supportive and achievable for you.
My goal is to support you in finding meaning and being more present in your life, utilizing a holistic approach that fits your unique strengths, needs, and culture. I am passionate about supporting teens, adults, and couples through this client-lead, goal-oriented approach. I am a counselor, art therapist, and certified in EMDR. These approaches allow me to meet a wide array of client needs, from day-to-day stress and anxiety, to the healing of deep trauma wounds or other stuck points as we expand toward your new areas of growth. Together, we will focus on your strengths to create a plan that feels supportive and achievable for you.
(973) 791-8508 View (973) 791-8508
Photo of Melanie Palmietto, Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, SEP
Melanie Palmietto
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, SEP
3 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
Do you abandon your needs to please and appease others? Are you stuck in survival mode, overwhelmed, anxious, avoiding tasks and responsibilities or working even harder to keep up? Maybe you've tried traditional talk therapy but did not see the change you were looking for. You still feel anxious, stuck, and have trouble saying no. You believe trauma and anxiety have a huge impact on our bodies, thought patterns, relationships, and so much more. You're not just looking for coping skills you're looking for long term change. If this is you you're in the right place!
Do you abandon your needs to please and appease others? Are you stuck in survival mode, overwhelmed, anxious, avoiding tasks and responsibilities or working even harder to keep up? Maybe you've tried traditional talk therapy but did not see the change you were looking for. You still feel anxious, stuck, and have trouble saying no. You believe trauma and anxiety have a huge impact on our bodies, thought patterns, relationships, and so much more. You're not just looking for coping skills you're looking for long term change. If this is you you're in the right place!
(201) 371-7389 View (201) 371-7389
Photo of Jenna Berman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jenna Berman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Montclair, NJ 07043
Sometimes it feels like emotional, social, and practical obstacles get in the way of living our lives. I am here to support you in identifying, understanding, and navigating these so that you can take yourself closer to the things you want. Whether you are going through a difficult time, adjusting to changes, or coping with long-standing issues, I will help you to develop the insights and tools to manage whatever feelings and circumstances come your way.
Sometimes it feels like emotional, social, and practical obstacles get in the way of living our lives. I am here to support you in identifying, understanding, and navigating these so that you can take yourself closer to the things you want. Whether you are going through a difficult time, adjusting to changes, or coping with long-standing issues, I will help you to develop the insights and tools to manage whatever feelings and circumstances come your way.
(973) 313-5526 View (973) 313-5526
Photo of Nancy M Walther, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCADC, LCSW
Nancy M Walther
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MA, LCADC, LCSW
Montclair, NJ 07043
Families evolve and change over time. As individuals age and grow, their roles within the family also change. The family can help - or hinder - individual and personal growth. Family work can help to make the family a positive source of support. Family work will help you to step back and observe emotional patterns and processes. There definitely can be family change with only one person in the room working with a therapist. In physics there is an adage: for every action there is a reaction.
Families evolve and change over time. As individuals age and grow, their roles within the family also change. The family can help - or hinder - individual and personal growth. Family work can help to make the family a positive source of support. Family work will help you to step back and observe emotional patterns and processes. There definitely can be family change with only one person in the room working with a therapist. In physics there is an adage: for every action there is a reaction.
(551) 272-6965 View (551) 272-6965
Photo of Konstantin Lukin - Lukin Center for Psychotherapy, PC, Psychologist, PhD
Lukin Center for Psychotherapy, PC
Psychologist, PhD
Montclair, NJ 07043
As one of the largest psychotherapy practices in Northern New Jersey, Lukin Center offers you or your loved one more options and therapy modalities so you can find the best clinician and treatment for you. Our clinicians practice at the top of their fields, with many specializing in specific age groups, life stages, or relationships. In order to bring the highest quality, evidence-based services to our clients, we truly live by the power of life-long learning. This dedication to the ongoing training of our staff enables us to provide our clients with the most cutting-edge and expert treatment available.
As one of the largest psychotherapy practices in Northern New Jersey, Lukin Center offers you or your loved one more options and therapy modalities so you can find the best clinician and treatment for you. Our clinicians practice at the top of their fields, with many specializing in specific age groups, life stages, or relationships. In order to bring the highest quality, evidence-based services to our clients, we truly live by the power of life-long learning. This dedication to the ongoing training of our staff enables us to provide our clients with the most cutting-edge and expert treatment available.
(917) 563-4611 View (917) 563-4611
Photo of Jana Luber, Psychologist, PsyD, BCBA
Jana Luber
Psychologist, PsyD, BCBA
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
The opportunity for children and adolescents to build upon their strengths by developing a skill set related to their social and emotional world is empowering. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and parents with concerns related to learning disabilities, anxiety, attentional difficulties, and behavior challenges. Through a genuine care and consideration for the individual characteristics of the child and family, I strive to facilitate positive change and provide concrete tools with the goal of navigating one's inner and social world in a balanced and focused manner.
The opportunity for children and adolescents to build upon their strengths by developing a skill set related to their social and emotional world is empowering. I specialize in treating children, adolescents, and parents with concerns related to learning disabilities, anxiety, attentional difficulties, and behavior challenges. Through a genuine care and consideration for the individual characteristics of the child and family, I strive to facilitate positive change and provide concrete tools with the goal of navigating one's inner and social world in a balanced and focused manner.
(551) 465-9198 View (551) 465-9198
Photo of Les Kooyman, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Les Kooyman
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Montclair, NJ 07043
I believe therapy is a caring, supportive, challenging, and collaborative process of exploring areas of your life that are concerning to you and you'd like to learn how to manage better. I follow a strengths-based, person-centered approach where we discuss and explore areas of your life you are concerned about and I assist you in making the real changes you seek. I'm easy going guy who uses humor, homework, insight readings, and other resources to support and challenge you to create change in your life.
I believe therapy is a caring, supportive, challenging, and collaborative process of exploring areas of your life that are concerning to you and you'd like to learn how to manage better. I follow a strengths-based, person-centered approach where we discuss and explore areas of your life you are concerned about and I assist you in making the real changes you seek. I'm easy going guy who uses humor, homework, insight readings, and other resources to support and challenge you to create change in your life.
(704) 761-6736 View (704) 761-6736
Photo of Janice Leventhal Rosenman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Janice Leventhal Rosenman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
People seek therapy because they wish to make a difference in their lives. They may struggle with anxiety, depression, loss, low self-esteem, relationship issues, life transitions, trauma, parenting challlenges. They may be contemplating a life change or curious about the emotional obstacles interfering with their ability to change. We will collaborate to establish your own goals for therapy and work together to gain clarity so that those goals become available to you.
People seek therapy because they wish to make a difference in their lives. They may struggle with anxiety, depression, loss, low self-esteem, relationship issues, life transitions, trauma, parenting challlenges. They may be contemplating a life change or curious about the emotional obstacles interfering with their ability to change. We will collaborate to establish your own goals for therapy and work together to gain clarity so that those goals become available to you.
(201) 654-7940 View (201) 654-7940
Photo of Joyce M. Mermini - Joyce M. Mermini, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Joyce M. Mermini, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
18 Endorsed
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
HELLO and WELCOME! I provide psychotherapy to adolescents, adults, couples and families. Through an empowering based perspective, I focus on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety and relationship problems. My expertise is in the area of eating disorders, specializing in improving body image, enhancing self-esteem, and addressing psychological aspects of bariatric weight loss surgery. Using a non-dieting approach leads to a healthier relationship with food. Additionally, I offer a Mental Toughness program focusing on empowering individual athletes and performers to develop the optimal balance between mind and body.
HELLO and WELCOME! I provide psychotherapy to adolescents, adults, couples and families. Through an empowering based perspective, I focus on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety and relationship problems. My expertise is in the area of eating disorders, specializing in improving body image, enhancing self-esteem, and addressing psychological aspects of bariatric weight loss surgery. Using a non-dieting approach leads to a healthier relationship with food. Additionally, I offer a Mental Toughness program focusing on empowering individual athletes and performers to develop the optimal balance between mind and body.
(973) 261-6253 View (973) 261-6253
Photo of Rebecca Rothman, Licensed Associate Counselor, LAC
Rebecca Rothman
Licensed Associate Counselor, LAC
Montclair, NJ 07043
Do you ever find yourself repeating the same patterns, even when you want things to change? Maybe you feel stuck, or disconnected, and you’re not sure why certain feelings or relationships keep triggering the same pain. We'll work together to slow down and become more aware of what’s happening beneath the surface. My psychodynamic approach combines talk therapy with body awareness and mindfulness, developed over 25 years of teaching yoga.
Do you ever find yourself repeating the same patterns, even when you want things to change? Maybe you feel stuck, or disconnected, and you’re not sure why certain feelings or relationships keep triggering the same pain. We'll work together to slow down and become more aware of what’s happening beneath the surface. My psychodynamic approach combines talk therapy with body awareness and mindfulness, developed over 25 years of teaching yoga.
(973) 419-6339 View (973) 419-6339
Photo of Christina Andino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Christina Andino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
4 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
If anxiety or relationship stress has started to impact your life, it’s okay to ask for help. Whether you’re feeling disconnected from your partner, struggling to communicate, or finding it hard to balance work and relationships, therapy can help you rebuild trust, connection, and confidence. Feeling burnt out doesn’t mean you’ve failed—it means you’ve been carrying a lot. Reaching out takes courage, and I’m here to help you manage stress, create healthy coping skills, and find lasting balance. Best Therapist Award Winner - Best of Montclair 2024.
If anxiety or relationship stress has started to impact your life, it’s okay to ask for help. Whether you’re feeling disconnected from your partner, struggling to communicate, or finding it hard to balance work and relationships, therapy can help you rebuild trust, connection, and confidence. Feeling burnt out doesn’t mean you’ve failed—it means you’ve been carrying a lot. Reaching out takes courage, and I’m here to help you manage stress, create healthy coping skills, and find lasting balance. Best Therapist Award Winner - Best of Montclair 2024.
(201) 514-6689 View (201) 514-6689
Photo of Henry Srednicki, Psychologist, PhD, CSAT, BCN
Henry Srednicki
Psychologist, PhD, CSAT, BCN
Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
Dr Srednicki specializes in Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and other anxiety and compulsive related disorders. He is a New York and New Jersey licensed psychologist, Graduate of the Behavior Therapy Training Institute, the country's foremost OCD training program, sponsored by the International OCD Foundation and a long standing member of the Trichotillomania Learning Center. Dr. Srednicki is certified to work with "Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors," and Trichotillomania as well. Dr Srednicki is the founder of Upper Montclair Psychological Associates, LLC.
Dr Srednicki specializes in Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and other anxiety and compulsive related disorders. He is a New York and New Jersey licensed psychologist, Graduate of the Behavior Therapy Training Institute, the country's foremost OCD training program, sponsored by the International OCD Foundation and a long standing member of the Trichotillomania Learning Center. Dr. Srednicki is certified to work with "Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors," and Trichotillomania as well. Dr Srednicki is the founder of Upper Montclair Psychological Associates, LLC.
(973) 544-8952 x1 View (973) 544-8952 x1
Photo of Melina Reyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Melina Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
Hi there! Reaching out for support is a big step, and I’m here to make it a little easier. Whether you're concerned about your child’s mood, behavior, or self-esteem, or if you're a young adult facing the pressures of school, work, or relationships, you don’t have to go through it alone. I’m passionate about helping children, teens, young adults, and families navigate life’s challenges and build emotional well-being. Here, you’ll find a safe, understanding space to work through whatever life brings—be it anxiety, stress, depression, family changes, or anything in between.
Hi there! Reaching out for support is a big step, and I’m here to make it a little easier. Whether you're concerned about your child’s mood, behavior, or self-esteem, or if you're a young adult facing the pressures of school, work, or relationships, you don’t have to go through it alone. I’m passionate about helping children, teens, young adults, and families navigate life’s challenges and build emotional well-being. Here, you’ll find a safe, understanding space to work through whatever life brings—be it anxiety, stress, depression, family changes, or anything in between.
(973) 620-7006 View (973) 620-7006

See more therapy options for 07043

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 07043

300+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 07043 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
63% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 07043 see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 07043?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.