Counselling in MK19

Photo of Joanne Blythen, Counsellor, MBACP
Joanne Blythen
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hi, my name is JoJo, and I am a qualified person-centred counsellor based in Buckinghamshire, Milton Keynes. I offer in-person sessions, online counselling, and even walking therapy sessions. I work with individuals aged 14 and above, supporting a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, body image, disordered eating, self-harm, sexuality, LGBTQI matters, ADHD, neurodiversity, and challenges related to blended families. My approach focuses on building a trusting relationship, finding areas of connection, and working at a pace that feels right for you.
Hi, my name is JoJo, and I am a qualified person-centred counsellor based in Buckinghamshire, Milton Keynes. I offer in-person sessions, online counselling, and even walking therapy sessions. I work with individuals aged 14 and above, supporting a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, body image, disordered eating, self-harm, sexuality, LGBTQI matters, ADHD, neurodiversity, and challenges related to blended families. My approach focuses on building a trusting relationship, finding areas of connection, and working at a pace that feels right for you.
01908 103712 View 01908 103712
Photo of Claire Jane Jackson, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Claire Jane Jackson
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Hello, I am Claire, an experienced therapist of 30 years for those struggling with depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders. These challenges can feel overwhelming and make it difficult to reach out for support. I understand these difficulties and can offer a safe and supportive environment to explore your current problem and work together to achieve your goals. I am committed to using evidence-based protocols tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are trying to navigate persistent low mood or worry or, If you have concerns around eating behaviours with negative body perception, helping you create lasting change.
Hello, I am Claire, an experienced therapist of 30 years for those struggling with depression, anxiety disorders and eating disorders. These challenges can feel overwhelming and make it difficult to reach out for support. I understand these difficulties and can offer a safe and supportive environment to explore your current problem and work together to achieve your goals. I am committed to using evidence-based protocols tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are trying to navigate persistent low mood or worry or, If you have concerns around eating behaviours with negative body perception, helping you create lasting change.
01908 024286 View 01908 024286
Photo of Nicola Ward, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Nicola Ward
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Hello, I am a trauma-informed therapeutic counsellor based in South Northamptonshire, supporting both young adults and adults through challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem and or lacking confidence, depression, grief, and trauma.
Hello, I am a trauma-informed therapeutic counsellor based in South Northamptonshire, supporting both young adults and adults through challenges such as anxiety, low self-esteem and or lacking confidence, depression, grief, and trauma.
01908 024986 View 01908 024986
Photo of Will Griffiths, Counsellor, MBACP
Will Griffiths
Counsellor, MBACP
Counselling can be hard - I get it, I've been there, but it doesn't have to be. I work collaboratively, so you don’t have to know what to do, or what to say. We’ll work through whatever you’re facing, at your pace.
Counselling can be hard - I get it, I've been there, but it doesn't have to be. I work collaboratively, so you don’t have to know what to do, or what to say. We’ll work through whatever you’re facing, at your pace.
01296 938004 View 01296 938004
Photo of Charlotte Grosch - Counselling with Char, Counsellor, MBACP
Counselling with Char
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I provide counselling for individuals aged 18+. I have a comfy therapy room in Newport Pagnell, Milton Keynes and also offer virtual sessions either on Zoom or over the phone. I have experience of working with anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, shame, low self-esteem, loss, grief, bereavement, unpaid carers, trauma, relationship issues, neurodivergence and more.
I provide counselling for individuals aged 18+. I have a comfy therapy room in Newport Pagnell, Milton Keynes and also offer virtual sessions either on Zoom or over the phone. I have experience of working with anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, shame, low self-esteem, loss, grief, bereavement, unpaid carers, trauma, relationship issues, neurodivergence and more.
01908 103584 View 01908 103584
Photo of Emma Allum, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Emma Allum
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Serves Area
As a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist specialising in CAMHS, neurodevelopmental conditions, and eating disorders, I understand how exhausting it is to battle overwhelming emotions and self-critical thoughts every day. Perhaps anxiety steals your peace, or you're trapped in patterns that leave you feeling stuck and alone. Mental health struggles can drain the joy from life, making even simple moments feel impossible. You deserve to feel calmer, more confident, and in control. Through CBT and evidence-based approaches, I'll help you understand the thinking patterns driving your emotions and break the cycles keeping you stuck.
As a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist specialising in CAMHS, neurodevelopmental conditions, and eating disorders, I understand how exhausting it is to battle overwhelming emotions and self-critical thoughts every day. Perhaps anxiety steals your peace, or you're trapped in patterns that leave you feeling stuck and alone. Mental health struggles can drain the joy from life, making even simple moments feel impossible. You deserve to feel calmer, more confident, and in control. Through CBT and evidence-based approaches, I'll help you understand the thinking patterns driving your emotions and break the cycles keeping you stuck.
01908 410774 View 01908 410774
Photo of Daniel Arnold, Counsellor, BACP
Daniel Arnold
Counsellor, BACP
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Therapy with me provides you the space to hear your own voice more clearly. ​I am a BACP-registered therapist working with individuals and couples who are struggling to find connection, understanding, or peace in their life. Whether facing conflict, distance, betrayal, life transitions, or a sense of being “stuck,” I offer a therapeutic space to slow down and explore what lies beneath the surface. My work is grounded in the belief that emotional distress often has deep roots in early relationships, and that healing involves making sense of the patterns we carry—sometimes unknowingly into our adult lives.
Therapy with me provides you the space to hear your own voice more clearly. ​I am a BACP-registered therapist working with individuals and couples who are struggling to find connection, understanding, or peace in their life. Whether facing conflict, distance, betrayal, life transitions, or a sense of being “stuck,” I offer a therapeutic space to slow down and explore what lies beneath the surface. My work is grounded in the belief that emotional distress often has deep roots in early relationships, and that healing involves making sense of the patterns we carry—sometimes unknowingly into our adult lives.
020 4572 2935 View 020 4572 2935
Photo of Tim Buckingham, Counsellor, MBACP
Tim Buckingham
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Face to face sessions for adults and young people aged 11 +, located close to Buckingham, in a peaceful countryside setting. Where appropriate, I encourage my clients to take some of their counselling outdoors. This allows you, if you wish, to engage with the healing from nature to complement your therapy and is proving to be very effective. Many of my clients find beneficial outcomes are often achieved in 6 to 10 sessions.
Face to face sessions for adults and young people aged 11 +, located close to Buckingham, in a peaceful countryside setting. Where appropriate, I encourage my clients to take some of their counselling outdoors. This allows you, if you wish, to engage with the healing from nature to complement your therapy and is proving to be very effective. Many of my clients find beneficial outcomes are often achieved in 6 to 10 sessions.
01280 736305 View 01280 736305
Photo of Sarah Showler, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Sarah Showler
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
My aim is to offer my clients a supportive and safe space for them to explore and work through their challenges. This means that I actively listen to my clients, working collaboratively together to find a new perspective and approach to their situations to enable them to make the positive steps toward their goals and in their lives. I believe that counselling isn’t a ‘one size fits all’ process and together we will work out a process that best works for you. Finding a solution to understand or accept something that has been holding you back is a positive step.
My aim is to offer my clients a supportive and safe space for them to explore and work through their challenges. This means that I actively listen to my clients, working collaboratively together to find a new perspective and approach to their situations to enable them to make the positive steps toward their goals and in their lives. I believe that counselling isn’t a ‘one size fits all’ process and together we will work out a process that best works for you. Finding a solution to understand or accept something that has been holding you back is a positive step.
01908 015970 View 01908 015970
Photo of Carly Weston - Carly Weston Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Carly Weston Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
There are many reasons people come to counselling, for example bereavement, relationship breakdown, issues at work, past or recent traumatic events, difficulties around disordered eating or complexities associated with gender dysphoria. Whatever it is that has led you to consider counselling, I know you have a unique story to tell. Are you are struggling with low self-worth, stress or anger? Or maybe you are worried, confused, scared, misunderstood, feeling lost or experiencing other unwanted feelings? Life can be very busy, demanding and draining. Counselling is an opportunity to slow down and look inside. What do you want?
There are many reasons people come to counselling, for example bereavement, relationship breakdown, issues at work, past or recent traumatic events, difficulties around disordered eating or complexities associated with gender dysphoria. Whatever it is that has led you to consider counselling, I know you have a unique story to tell. Are you are struggling with low self-worth, stress or anger? Or maybe you are worried, confused, scared, misunderstood, feeling lost or experiencing other unwanted feelings? Life can be very busy, demanding and draining. Counselling is an opportunity to slow down and look inside. What do you want?
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Photo of Marta Helon, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Marta Helon
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Not accepting new clients
I'm Marta, an experienced CBT and EMDR psychotherapist. Over many years of my clinical practice I have gained valuable knowledge of how our minds work and how sometimes they can be our greatest oppressors.
I'm Marta, an experienced CBT and EMDR psychotherapist. Over many years of my clinical practice I have gained valuable knowledge of how our minds work and how sometimes they can be our greatest oppressors.
01908 103439 View 01908 103439

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Glenda Erwee - The Stevenage Counselling Clinic, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
The Stevenage Counselling Clinic
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Serves Area
We have a wealth of knowledge with diverse and highly trained counsellors in our team to help you process , heal and work towards a more contented, healthy and stable life and relationship with yourself. We work with a wide range of presentations including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, OCD, body image and many many more. We are all passionate about working with people and helping them to reach their full potential at a pace that works for you! We value CPD as vitally important to keep up with the ever evolving and exciting sector of mental health and neuroscience.
We have a wealth of knowledge with diverse and highly trained counsellors in our team to help you process , heal and work towards a more contented, healthy and stable life and relationship with yourself. We work with a wide range of presentations including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, OCD, body image and many many more. We are all passionate about working with people and helping them to reach their full potential at a pace that works for you! We value CPD as vitally important to keep up with the ever evolving and exciting sector of mental health and neuroscience.
01438 904207 View 01438 904207
Photo of Dr Anne Lane, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Anne Lane
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
Hello. I am a warm, experienced clinical psychologist. I have been working with people with a range of psychological difficulties for over twenty years. I see adults, teenagers and parents. My therapeutic approach is based on a combination of Internal Family System (IFS), Cognitive Therapy (with a base of CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, If you are experiencing intense distress our work may either take the form of a more intensive, time-limited therapy to help you regain a sense of emotional balance. Equally we may work in a more explorative manner better suited to understanding more deep seated emotional difficulties.
Hello. I am a warm, experienced clinical psychologist. I have been working with people with a range of psychological difficulties for over twenty years. I see adults, teenagers and parents. My therapeutic approach is based on a combination of Internal Family System (IFS), Cognitive Therapy (with a base of CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, If you are experiencing intense distress our work may either take the form of a more intensive, time-limited therapy to help you regain a sense of emotional balance. Equally we may work in a more explorative manner better suited to understanding more deep seated emotional difficulties.
07480 065294 View 07480 065294
Photo of Caro Southcombe, Counsellor, MBACP
Caro Southcombe
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Caro, an integrative therapist and member of the BACP. You may be coping on the outside but struggling inside, feeling anxious, overwhelmed, self-critical, angry, depressed, or not quite yourself. You might be dealing with a life transition such as midlife or menopause, burnout from work or study, relationship difficulties, or a lingering sense that something isn’t right. Perhaps you’re unsure what the problem is, only that things feel worse than they should. You want a safe, thoughtful space to talk things through, feel understood, and begin to make sense of what’s going on.
Hi, I'm Caro, an integrative therapist and member of the BACP. You may be coping on the outside but struggling inside, feeling anxious, overwhelmed, self-critical, angry, depressed, or not quite yourself. You might be dealing with a life transition such as midlife or menopause, burnout from work or study, relationship difficulties, or a lingering sense that something isn’t right. Perhaps you’re unsure what the problem is, only that things feel worse than they should. You want a safe, thoughtful space to talk things through, feel understood, and begin to make sense of what’s going on.
01392 542625 View 01392 542625
Photo of Renata Harris, Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Renata Harris
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Hello, I'm Renata. I am a Psychologist and Psychotherapist (17+ years), and a BPS supervisor. I had extensive personal therapy myself. I aim to equip you with skills and self-acceptance to heal. I offer NICE recommended, holistic and relational therapy to get your life back on track, in a safe and validating space. I have worked in the NHS as a Psychology Lead in an eating disorders service for over 10 years. I have experience in working with most mental health diagnoses as well as neurodiversity, addiction, bereavement, anxiety, low mood, stress, family and marital problems, issues with anger, self-esteem, and relational issues.
Hello, I'm Renata. I am a Psychologist and Psychotherapist (17+ years), and a BPS supervisor. I had extensive personal therapy myself. I aim to equip you with skills and self-acceptance to heal. I offer NICE recommended, holistic and relational therapy to get your life back on track, in a safe and validating space. I have worked in the NHS as a Psychology Lead in an eating disorders service for over 10 years. I have experience in working with most mental health diagnoses as well as neurodiversity, addiction, bereavement, anxiety, low mood, stress, family and marital problems, issues with anger, self-esteem, and relational issues.
01582 377599 View 01582 377599
Photo of Sophie Killip, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Sophie Killip
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello! I’m Sophie, a qualified therapist with over 8 years of international experience across the UK, Canada, and the US. Within my therapy practice, Soleada Studio, I support teens (14+) and adults navigating eating disorders, disordered eating, body image concerns, anxiety, perfectionism, and low self-esteem. Together, we’ll explore your experiences and patterns, deepen your self-understanding, and support you in developing a kinder, more connected relationship with yourself. 'Soleada' is a Spanish word representing a girl or woman who shines from within, embodying her inner sunshine.
Hello! I’m Sophie, a qualified therapist with over 8 years of international experience across the UK, Canada, and the US. Within my therapy practice, Soleada Studio, I support teens (14+) and adults navigating eating disorders, disordered eating, body image concerns, anxiety, perfectionism, and low self-esteem. Together, we’ll explore your experiences and patterns, deepen your self-understanding, and support you in developing a kinder, more connected relationship with yourself. 'Soleada' is a Spanish word representing a girl or woman who shines from within, embodying her inner sunshine.
01926 895880 View 01926 895880
Photo of Greg Barton, Counsellor, MBACP
Greg Barton
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Working face to face & online as a therapist I seek to establish a safe space where you are able to explore those challenges in your life that keep you from moving forward or from leading the life that you aspire to have. I will support & guide you through the complexity of emotions you are experiencing. Working as wilderness therapist I also run 3 week 'Rites of Passage' journeys to the Himalayas for young adults and 3-week 'Reflection Journeys' for mature adults wanting to take stock of where they are today & where they want to be tomorrow. These journeys start in Kathmandu trekking through Mustang to the Tibetan border.
Working face to face & online as a therapist I seek to establish a safe space where you are able to explore those challenges in your life that keep you from moving forward or from leading the life that you aspire to have. I will support & guide you through the complexity of emotions you are experiencing. Working as wilderness therapist I also run 3 week 'Rites of Passage' journeys to the Himalayas for young adults and 3-week 'Reflection Journeys' for mature adults wanting to take stock of where they are today & where they want to be tomorrow. These journeys start in Kathmandu trekking through Mustang to the Tibetan border.
0131 357 3826 View 0131 357 3826
Photo of Lisa Michelle Green - Green Therapy, Psychotherapist, BACP
Green Therapy
Psychotherapist, BACP
Aylesbury HP19
If you would like someone to listen to you and help you find ways to manage your emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, bereavement, trauma or difficult life events then counselling can help. I work with young people and adults in private practise situated in Aylesbury and Thame. I offer a confidential non-judgemental safe and comfortable environment, allowing my client's to express and explore themselves, their feelings, thoughts and concerns. My practise is Neuro-affirming offering counselling for Autistic and ADHD clients. I work with those that have been diagnosed and those that would like to explore their identity.
If you would like someone to listen to you and help you find ways to manage your emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, bereavement, trauma or difficult life events then counselling can help. I work with young people and adults in private practise situated in Aylesbury and Thame. I offer a confidential non-judgemental safe and comfortable environment, allowing my client's to express and explore themselves, their feelings, thoughts and concerns. My practise is Neuro-affirming offering counselling for Autistic and ADHD clients. I work with those that have been diagnosed and those that would like to explore their identity.
07723 456080 View 07723 456080
Photo of Barbara Bailey - Glendene Care Uk Child and Family Wellbeing Centre, Counsellor, MBACP
We are a team of qualified accredited Psychotherapists and Counsellors. We have 25 years experience of counselling children, young people and families, having worked in a variety of settings including schools, colleges and CAHMS, delivering therapeutic work with children . We are qualified practitioners in delivering a range of therapeutic interventions such as Play therapy, DDP, VIG, Trauma focused CBT and EMDR therapy. We are experienced in working with children and young people aged 4 years to 30 years old. We have therapy dogs and pigs to support children with managing their anxieties and to help calm them during sessions.
We are a team of qualified accredited Psychotherapists and Counsellors. We have 25 years experience of counselling children, young people and families, having worked in a variety of settings including schools, colleges and CAHMS, delivering therapeutic work with children . We are qualified practitioners in delivering a range of therapeutic interventions such as Play therapy, DDP, VIG, Trauma focused CBT and EMDR therapy. We are experienced in working with children and young people aged 4 years to 30 years old. We have therapy dogs and pigs to support children with managing their anxieties and to help calm them during sessions.
01234 608775 View 01234 608775
Photo of Dr Donna Bella Gurney, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Donna Bella Gurney
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Are you battling an eating disorder or caught in a cycle of never feeling good enough? Are you constantly self-doubting or procastinating? Is anxiety holding you back from the life you want to live? Maybe you’re overwhelmed, burnt out, or stuck in perfectionism — driven by impossible standards and harsh self-criticism. Perhaps your relationships are suffering, and you don’t know why. You don’t have to face this alone. I created "Tutum Psychology" from the Latin word 'tutum', meaning 'safe'—to offer exactly that: a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, heal, and grow. Let’s work together to create that space for you.
Are you battling an eating disorder or caught in a cycle of never feeling good enough? Are you constantly self-doubting or procastinating? Is anxiety holding you back from the life you want to live? Maybe you’re overwhelmed, burnt out, or stuck in perfectionism — driven by impossible standards and harsh self-criticism. Perhaps your relationships are suffering, and you don’t know why. You don’t have to face this alone. I created "Tutum Psychology" from the Latin word 'tutum', meaning 'safe'—to offer exactly that: a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, heal, and grow. Let’s work together to create that space for you.
01628 969426 View 01628 969426

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in MK19

10+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in MK19 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
91% Depression
91% Stress
73% Bereavement
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
64% Anger Management

Average years in practice

9 Years

How Counsellors in MK19 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

64% Female
27% Male
9% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in MK19?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.