Photo of Helen Manning, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Helen Manning
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Chatham ME4  (Online Only)
A warm welcome, I am glad you're here. Life can be challenging, and sometimes we all need a little support. Whether you're facing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma or simply seeking personal growth, I am here to help. My goal is to provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgemental space where you can explore your concerns, and process your thoughts, feelings, and experiences openly. I believe in tailoring my approach to meet your specific needs. Together, we will work through your concerns, identify strengths, and develop strategies to help you achieve your goals.
A warm welcome, I am glad you're here. Life can be challenging, and sometimes we all need a little support. Whether you're facing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma or simply seeking personal growth, I am here to help. My goal is to provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgemental space where you can explore your concerns, and process your thoughts, feelings, and experiences openly. I believe in tailoring my approach to meet your specific needs. Together, we will work through your concerns, identify strengths, and develop strategies to help you achieve your goals.
01634 558723 View 01634 558723
Photo of Dawn Ellaine Hamblett, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Dawn Ellaine Hamblett
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stepping into counselling and looking for a therapist when you are feeling at your most vulnerable can seem very daunting. You are possibly feeling very low and anxious and in need of a neutral and non-judgemental place to turn. I offer Person Centred Therapy - a Humanistic Approach that deals with the ways in which a person consciously perceives themselves. I am client-led, I do not offer you advice, but trust that the relationship we develop together will allow you to find what you need. I offer therapy to Adults, Young People and Children (5years plus) and can work creatively.
Stepping into counselling and looking for a therapist when you are feeling at your most vulnerable can seem very daunting. You are possibly feeling very low and anxious and in need of a neutral and non-judgemental place to turn. I offer Person Centred Therapy - a Humanistic Approach that deals with the ways in which a person consciously perceives themselves. I am client-led, I do not offer you advice, but trust that the relationship we develop together will allow you to find what you need. I offer therapy to Adults, Young People and Children (5years plus) and can work creatively.
01634 961059 View 01634 961059
Photo of Rebecca Attwood - Rebecca Attwood- Low Cost Counselling, MA, BACP, Counsellor
Rebecca Attwood- Low Cost Counselling
Counsellor, MA, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
We believe that everyone who needs to see a counsellor should be able to do so. Cost should not be the reason that you are not able to access support. Day Time Sessions (7am- 5pm) £28. Evening Sessions (5pm-8pm) £30. Whatever your reasons for seeking support, be assured you will be treated with respect and confidentiality, and given the safe space to be yourself.
We believe that everyone who needs to see a counsellor should be able to do so. Cost should not be the reason that you are not able to access support. Day Time Sessions (7am- 5pm) £28. Evening Sessions (5pm-8pm) £30. Whatever your reasons for seeking support, be assured you will be treated with respect and confidentiality, and given the safe space to be yourself.
01634 557249 View 01634 557249
Photo of Kirsti Sandom, MBACP, Counsellor
Kirsti Sandom
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
I understand how daunting it can be to begin counselling. Whatever you’re struggling with, be it depression, grief, self-esteem or relationship issues, we can look at the jigsaw pieces of your life together, to help you gain clarity. This may involve exploring the past to identify patterns in emotions and behaviours which shine a light on current issues. You may be grappling with life’s meaning after bereavement, a relationship breakdown or job loss. Any kind of loss can have a huge impact on our mental wellbeing. I work with you to help you make sense of things & find meaning and purpose in order to move forward and feel less lost.
I understand how daunting it can be to begin counselling. Whatever you’re struggling with, be it depression, grief, self-esteem or relationship issues, we can look at the jigsaw pieces of your life together, to help you gain clarity. This may involve exploring the past to identify patterns in emotions and behaviours which shine a light on current issues. You may be grappling with life’s meaning after bereavement, a relationship breakdown or job loss. Any kind of loss can have a huge impact on our mental wellbeing. I work with you to help you make sense of things & find meaning and purpose in order to move forward and feel less lost.
01634 564099 View 01634 564099
Photo of Ulrika Kristina Guttormsson, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Ulrika Kristina Guttormsson
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
In psychotherapy there is an opportunity to get to know yourself in depth and discover new ways of living your life. Often we have repetitive patterns and ways of thinking that can for instance cause suffering, frustration, anxiety and sadness in our life. Despite our best efforts to decide to behave and relate differently, we drift back to our old ways of being and behaving. In psychotherapy we will work at getting to know your unconscious inner life. A lot of feelings and thoughts we have are not conscious and psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to reflect and try out new ways when you feel change is needed.
In psychotherapy there is an opportunity to get to know yourself in depth and discover new ways of living your life. Often we have repetitive patterns and ways of thinking that can for instance cause suffering, frustration, anxiety and sadness in our life. Despite our best efforts to decide to behave and relate differently, we drift back to our old ways of being and behaving. In psychotherapy we will work at getting to know your unconscious inner life. A lot of feelings and thoughts we have are not conscious and psychotherapy gives you the opportunity to reflect and try out new ways when you feel change is needed.
01634 959301 View 01634 959301
Photo of Natascha Ryan, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Natascha Ryan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you looking to make sense of things?  We seek counselling for a number of reasons including anxiety, trauma, depression, loss, stress, relationship difficulties - but also to gain a greater understanding of the ‘self’ and improve psychological well-being. Mostly and put simply, we want to learn to feel better about ourselves.
Are you looking to make sense of things?  We seek counselling for a number of reasons including anxiety, trauma, depression, loss, stress, relationship difficulties - but also to gain a greater understanding of the ‘self’ and improve psychological well-being. Mostly and put simply, we want to learn to feel better about ourselves.
01634 557459 View 01634 557459
Photo of Carol Charmaine Dobbs - Hamilton Lodge Counselling Practice, MBACP, Counsellor
Hamilton Lodge Counselling Practice
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Do you need someone to talk too? Are you lonely, depressed or having relationship issues? Sometimes having an impartial listener can help you to see new ways of coping or overcoming the problems you are facing. As a qualified and registered counsellor I am able to provide a safe and supportive environment to explore any issues you feel are causing difficulty in your life. I pride myself on being non-judgmental and welcome everyone, whatever your background may be, to explore ways in which to make your life better. I am passionate about helping people to see that tomorrow can be better than today.
Do you need someone to talk too? Are you lonely, depressed or having relationship issues? Sometimes having an impartial listener can help you to see new ways of coping or overcoming the problems you are facing. As a qualified and registered counsellor I am able to provide a safe and supportive environment to explore any issues you feel are causing difficulty in your life. I pride myself on being non-judgmental and welcome everyone, whatever your background may be, to explore ways in which to make your life better. I am passionate about helping people to see that tomorrow can be better than today.
01634 968955 View 01634 968955
Photo of Amanda Darbon, MBACP, Counsellor
Amanda Darbon
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
My background in working for organisations across London & Kent gave me a particular understanding of the emotional challenges that many of us face including, depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, bereavement, relationship & family issues. I believe that evidence based psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) along with an integrative counselling approach allows flexibility in dealing with each individual’s needs. This, combined with a safe & non-judgemental therapeutic relationship is key for the process of change & recovery.
My background in working for organisations across London & Kent gave me a particular understanding of the emotional challenges that many of us face including, depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, bereavement, relationship & family issues. I believe that evidence based psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) along with an integrative counselling approach allows flexibility in dealing with each individual’s needs. This, combined with a safe & non-judgemental therapeutic relationship is key for the process of change & recovery.
01322 923375 View 01322 923375
Photo of Natasha Singh, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Natasha Singh
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Welcome. By offering compassion, new information and an emphasis on finding solutions, my clients find themselves ‘working’ and having ‘hope’ from the first session. I am an Accredited Counsellor, PICT Psychotherapist, Registered Adoption Counsellor, and PICT Clinical Supervisor. I provide pathways of resolution for the effects of trauma, abuse, anxiety and ongoing issues that affect your daily functioning and quality of life. Since 2004, I’ve successfully built and nurtured a thriving therapy practice working with adults. I have acquired substantial training and experience working in public and private industries.
Welcome. By offering compassion, new information and an emphasis on finding solutions, my clients find themselves ‘working’ and having ‘hope’ from the first session. I am an Accredited Counsellor, PICT Psychotherapist, Registered Adoption Counsellor, and PICT Clinical Supervisor. I provide pathways of resolution for the effects of trauma, abuse, anxiety and ongoing issues that affect your daily functioning and quality of life. Since 2004, I’ve successfully built and nurtured a thriving therapy practice working with adults. I have acquired substantial training and experience working in public and private industries.
01732 443127 View 01732 443127
Photo of Brenda Mackie, MBACP, Counsellor
Brenda Mackie
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I'm a therapeutic counsellor qualified to diploma level with over 12 years experience in helping adults, young people and children in Medway Towns. I provide a safe, nurturing space for you to explore and make sense of how past trauma, relationship fails, bereavement or obsessive behaviours are affecting how you feel about yourself, your life and the lives of those around you. Please call me to discuss how I might be of help to you or email me to arrange an initial assessment.
I'm a therapeutic counsellor qualified to diploma level with over 12 years experience in helping adults, young people and children in Medway Towns. I provide a safe, nurturing space for you to explore and make sense of how past trauma, relationship fails, bereavement or obsessive behaviours are affecting how you feel about yourself, your life and the lives of those around you. Please call me to discuss how I might be of help to you or email me to arrange an initial assessment.
01747 448683 View 01747 448683
Photo of Catherine Cross, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Catherine Cross
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Chatham ME4  (Online Only)
Are You Ready to change? Do you feel stuck in a rut? Would you like to change things but don’t know how? Or do you feel lost and unsure at the moment? It can be difficult and uncomfortable to change things in your life but it might be just what you need. You do not need to be ‘mad’ to seek therapy or counselling, many people who are in therapy are lost, unsure or stuck like you and need a change in their lives.
Are You Ready to change? Do you feel stuck in a rut? Would you like to change things but don’t know how? Or do you feel lost and unsure at the moment? It can be difficult and uncomfortable to change things in your life but it might be just what you need. You do not need to be ‘mad’ to seek therapy or counselling, many people who are in therapy are lost, unsure or stuck like you and need a change in their lives.
01634 561126 View 01634 561126
Photo of Erin Singleton - Erin Singleton Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Erin Singleton Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chatham ME4  (Online Only)
Hello I'm Erin and welcome to my page taking the first step to reach out for help can be scary and overwhelming but I will be with you every step of the way. We will work together to ensure we meet your unique and specific needs during our sessions. I aim to run a friendly, professional and relaxed practice which is online or over the telephone. I work in an Integrative way, which basically means I use a variety of different methods and ideas to help you individually as each and every client is unique. There is an emphasis on person centred therapy that ensures you at the centre of our work together.
Hello I'm Erin and welcome to my page taking the first step to reach out for help can be scary and overwhelming but I will be with you every step of the way. We will work together to ensure we meet your unique and specific needs during our sessions. I aim to run a friendly, professional and relaxed practice which is online or over the telephone. I work in an Integrative way, which basically means I use a variety of different methods and ideas to help you individually as each and every client is unique. There is an emphasis on person centred therapy that ensures you at the centre of our work together.
01732 441079 View 01732 441079
Photo of Sarah Elliott - Solve and Evolve Therapies, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Solve and Evolve Therapies
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
I'm an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and Counsellor with almost 20yrs experience in mental health. I support Adults and Adolescents (12-17yrs). I have additional training in EMDR Therapy and Supervision, with over 10 years experience Supervising within the NHS and private practice. I have a special interest in PTSD and trauma. I also specialise in anxiety disorders (ie. PTSD, Panic, Health, GAD, Social Anxiety and Phobias) depression and low self-esteem. I Supervise Trainees on the level 7 Masters in CBT as well as other qualified clinicians. F2F and Remote.
I'm an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and Counsellor with almost 20yrs experience in mental health. I support Adults and Adolescents (12-17yrs). I have additional training in EMDR Therapy and Supervision, with over 10 years experience Supervising within the NHS and private practice. I have a special interest in PTSD and trauma. I also specialise in anxiety disorders (ie. PTSD, Panic, Health, GAD, Social Anxiety and Phobias) depression and low self-esteem. I Supervise Trainees on the level 7 Masters in CBT as well as other qualified clinicians. F2F and Remote.
01634 968295 View 01634 968295
Photo of Mary Ann Stevenson, BACP, Counsellor
Mary Ann Stevenson
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
I have training in counselling adults, young people and children. My placements included Place2Be, Improving Mental Health Provision in Chatham Kent and Counselling Parents and teachers in a local Secondary School. I continually update my training to ensure I give my best to my clients. I offer a safe, non judgemental space to work with clients and work at the clients own pace as they are the expert of themselves. At present I am only offering sessions on TEAMS and via telephone
I have training in counselling adults, young people and children. My placements included Place2Be, Improving Mental Health Provision in Chatham Kent and Counselling Parents and teachers in a local Secondary School. I continually update my training to ensure I give my best to my clients. I offer a safe, non judgemental space to work with clients and work at the clients own pace as they are the expert of themselves. At present I am only offering sessions on TEAMS and via telephone
01634 558727 View 01634 558727
Photo of Joanna Taylor, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Joanna Taylor
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a highly experienced counselling psychologist who really enjoys helping people. I have a great deal of empathy and compassion for the struggles we face as human beings. If you are finding life tough or feeling like you want to make changes, I would love to try and help. I like to draw on a range of approaches to help you and I highly value a good therapeutic relationship together. Within this I use interventions so that you can understand yourself better and identify ways forward. It’s important for me to discover what YOU want to be different and my ideal client is only someone who works hard in allowing me to help you.
I am a highly experienced counselling psychologist who really enjoys helping people. I have a great deal of empathy and compassion for the struggles we face as human beings. If you are finding life tough or feeling like you want to make changes, I would love to try and help. I like to draw on a range of approaches to help you and I highly value a good therapeutic relationship together. Within this I use interventions so that you can understand yourself better and identify ways forward. It’s important for me to discover what YOU want to be different and my ideal client is only someone who works hard in allowing me to help you.
01634 959282 View 01634 959282
Photo of Charlotte A Smith - Bulb Therapy, MBACP, Counsellor
Bulb Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Firstly I would like to show my admiration for you making this courageous decision to look for help. I know how it feels to be stuck within the world, within yourself. To suffer great sadness and hopelessness. I too, once sat in the client's chair and can appreciate, how significant taking this first step is... Relationships, connections are so powerful within our world. Have you ever thought about the relationship you have with yourself? At Bulb Therapy , I walk alongside you, providing you a safe space to find new meanings, and a greater awareness of who you are and how together we can tackle your difficulties effectively.
Firstly I would like to show my admiration for you making this courageous decision to look for help. I know how it feels to be stuck within the world, within yourself. To suffer great sadness and hopelessness. I too, once sat in the client's chair and can appreciate, how significant taking this first step is... Relationships, connections are so powerful within our world. Have you ever thought about the relationship you have with yourself? At Bulb Therapy , I walk alongside you, providing you a safe space to find new meanings, and a greater awareness of who you are and how together we can tackle your difficulties effectively.
01634 540369 View 01634 540369
Photo of Phillippa Diane Cella, MBACP, Counsellor
Phillippa Diane Cella
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
My name is Phillippa and i am a qualified integrative counsellor meaning that i can offer different types of counselling and interventions. I offer an adaptable approach tailored to your own individual circumstance in a empathetic setting . Counselling offers you an opportunity what is going on with you in your life , enabling you to express your mind and find some peace In a non judgmental environment. I believe that we all have times in our life where we all need to talk to someone with prejudice or judgement. .I have experience working with mind and can offer a wide range of support around your mental wellbeing
My name is Phillippa and i am a qualified integrative counsellor meaning that i can offer different types of counselling and interventions. I offer an adaptable approach tailored to your own individual circumstance in a empathetic setting . Counselling offers you an opportunity what is going on with you in your life , enabling you to express your mind and find some peace In a non judgmental environment. I believe that we all have times in our life where we all need to talk to someone with prejudice or judgement. .I have experience working with mind and can offer a wide range of support around your mental wellbeing
01634 968904 View 01634 968904
Photo of Deri Hughes, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Deri Hughes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I treat a broad range of mental health conditions and worked as a senior psychotherapist in the NHS for many years. I have worked extensively with sexual and domestic abuse, anxiety and borderline personality issues as well as depression and Post-traumatic Stress conditions. I am experienced interculturally in helping people with racial and discrimination issues. I work in both English and Spanish. Hablo Espanol y Ingles y ofrezco terapia en los dos idomas.
I treat a broad range of mental health conditions and worked as a senior psychotherapist in the NHS for many years. I have worked extensively with sexual and domestic abuse, anxiety and borderline personality issues as well as depression and Post-traumatic Stress conditions. I am experienced interculturally in helping people with racial and discrimination issues. I work in both English and Spanish. Hablo Espanol y Ingles y ofrezco terapia en los dos idomas.
01634 968852 View 01634 968852
Photo of Farzana Ahmed, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Farzana Ahmed
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I offer a Counselling service to individuals, young people and families who may be facing personal difficulties and challenges. We all experience painful events and losses at various times in our lives and Counselling creates a safe containing space for clients to explore and process their emotions on a range if issues that may be impacting on them negatively. This can help clients to identify their triggers which may be responsible for creating the emotional and or physical distress. It also helps develop some strategies for clients to have at their disposal to manage better the impacts of the distress being experienced.
I offer a Counselling service to individuals, young people and families who may be facing personal difficulties and challenges. We all experience painful events and losses at various times in our lives and Counselling creates a safe containing space for clients to explore and process their emotions on a range if issues that may be impacting on them negatively. This can help clients to identify their triggers which may be responsible for creating the emotional and or physical distress. It also helps develop some strategies for clients to have at their disposal to manage better the impacts of the distress being experienced.
01622 584270 View 01622 584270
Photo of Angela Christie, MBACP, Counsellor
Angela Christie
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Feeling overwhelmed and struggling to make sense of stressful and emotional anguish from current or past experiences? As a counsellor, my help with you would be to explore these issues, enable you to find your answers and recognise the choices that are available to you.
Feeling overwhelmed and struggling to make sense of stressful and emotional anguish from current or past experiences? As a counsellor, my help with you would be to explore these issues, enable you to find your answers and recognise the choices that are available to you.
07479 273211 View 07479 273211
1

See more therapy options for ME4

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in ME4

20+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in ME4 who prioritize treating:

95% Relationship Issues
95% Anxiety
90% Depression
86% Self Esteem
81% Stress
71% Domestic Abuse
71% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Bupa
43% Aviva
43% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in ME4 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

95% Female
5% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in ME4?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.