Photo of Sam Southey, DCounsPsych, BPC, Counsellor
Sam Southey
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BPC
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Lots of us face challenging situations at some stage in our lives, which can be difficult to manage. It's not always easy or appropriate to talk with family or friends and sometimes we worry that bringing something old and / or hidden up to the surface will cause more problems. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space where we can work together to help you to develop insight and understanding by exploring how your present situation might be impacted by past experiences and people from your past and / or present.
Lots of us face challenging situations at some stage in our lives, which can be difficult to manage. It's not always easy or appropriate to talk with family or friends and sometimes we worry that bringing something old and / or hidden up to the surface will cause more problems. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space where we can work together to help you to develop insight and understanding by exploring how your present situation might be impacted by past experiences and people from your past and / or present.
01470 229996 View 01470 229996
Photo of Catriona Bowie, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Catriona Bowie
Counsellor, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
There are countless reasons why someone might be looking for a counsellor. Everyone in the world is unique and as such their worries, concerns or issues are also unique. In the current climate the world has changed and as such you life might have too. As a Person Centred Counsellor my hope is to help you through whatever is not right for you and to be able to help you be the best you possible. I offer a safe, supportive, confidential and non-judgemental place for your counselling journey.
There are countless reasons why someone might be looking for a counsellor. Everyone in the world is unique and as such their worries, concerns or issues are also unique. In the current climate the world has changed and as such you life might have too. As a Person Centred Counsellor my hope is to help you through whatever is not right for you and to be able to help you be the best you possible. I offer a safe, supportive, confidential and non-judgemental place for your counselling journey.
01456 498719 View 01456 498719
Photo of Tracy Sedgeworth, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Tracy Sedgeworth
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Making the decision to see a therapist is a big step forward in dealing with what is troubling you and it can be difficult to know where to start. Finding the right therapist for you is an important first step. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive environment, where we will work through whatever is troubling you at your own pace. You will be listened to, accepted and respected regardless of what you tell me. I will not tell you what to do, but will do my best to support you in working through any difficulties you may be experiencing and to give you the space to make the decisions that are right for you.
Making the decision to see a therapist is a big step forward in dealing with what is troubling you and it can be difficult to know where to start. Finding the right therapist for you is an important first step. I aim to provide a comfortable and supportive environment, where we will work through whatever is troubling you at your own pace. You will be listened to, accepted and respected regardless of what you tell me. I will not tell you what to do, but will do my best to support you in working through any difficulties you may be experiencing and to give you the space to make the decisions that are right for you.
01456 498698 View 01456 498698
Photo of Lorraine Davidson, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Lorraine Davidson
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I understand that life can become difficult and stressful. Some situations can feel overwhelming. I'm here to listen and to start you on the path to good mental health. Counselling provides a regular time and space for you to talk about your troubles and explore difficult feelings in an environment that is dependable, free from intrusion and confidential. Your viewpoint will always be respected. Counselling can support you to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis, improve your relationships, or develop better ways of living. You can gain insight into your feelings and behaviour and make positive changes for mental health
I understand that life can become difficult and stressful. Some situations can feel overwhelming. I'm here to listen and to start you on the path to good mental health. Counselling provides a regular time and space for you to talk about your troubles and explore difficult feelings in an environment that is dependable, free from intrusion and confidential. Your viewpoint will always be respected. Counselling can support you to deal with specific problems, cope with a crisis, improve your relationships, or develop better ways of living. You can gain insight into your feelings and behaviour and make positive changes for mental health
01408 910351 View 01408 910351
Photo of Rae Moss, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Rae Moss
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
You’re here because you want something in your life to be different. This could be your environments, the way you feel / think about yourself, your relationships with others, and / or your world. It can be difficult to know where to turn and sometimes you can feel very alone, struggling to open up to those around you for fear of being burdensome, not understood or accepted. Therapy is an empowering process, supporting you to become more aware of and connect with yourself and others. Through it you'll reframe past wounds, identify and prioritise your needs, enhancing the feeling of security within yourself and relationships.
You’re here because you want something in your life to be different. This could be your environments, the way you feel / think about yourself, your relationships with others, and / or your world. It can be difficult to know where to turn and sometimes you can feel very alone, struggling to open up to those around you for fear of being burdensome, not understood or accepted. Therapy is an empowering process, supporting you to become more aware of and connect with yourself and others. Through it you'll reframe past wounds, identify and prioritise your needs, enhancing the feeling of security within yourself and relationships.
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Fran Davies
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a psycho-dynamic counsellor and have been counselling couples, adults and teenagers for over twenty years. I work with issues creating such distressing issues as anxiety, bereavement, relationships, eating problems, illnesses - in fact most of the problems which need to be looked at to improve life for my clients. I work with couples and with individuals of all ages. I also use CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and other therapies which I have studied in order to help clients to change or cope with their problems. I can offer a non-judgemental, safe place for people to bring their problems for help.
I am a psycho-dynamic counsellor and have been counselling couples, adults and teenagers for over twenty years. I work with issues creating such distressing issues as anxiety, bereavement, relationships, eating problems, illnesses - in fact most of the problems which need to be looked at to improve life for my clients. I work with couples and with individuals of all ages. I also use CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) and other therapies which I have studied in order to help clients to change or cope with their problems. I can offer a non-judgemental, safe place for people to bring their problems for help.
01847 637006 View 01847 637006
Photo of John McDonald - Jack McDonald Counselling and Psychotherapy, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Psychotherapist
Jack McDonald Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
My name is Jack and I am a person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist working in Inverness. I provide one-to-one therapy for adults and offer in-person appointments, online (Zoom) appointments, and telephone appointments. There are many reasons why you might be considering coming to therapy. Maybe you are looking for some help with a specific personal or emotional issue, or perhaps you have a more general sense of just not feeling okay. Whatever is troubling you, I can offer you the chance to discuss your problems in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment.
My name is Jack and I am a person-centred counsellor and psychotherapist working in Inverness. I provide one-to-one therapy for adults and offer in-person appointments, online (Zoom) appointments, and telephone appointments. There are many reasons why you might be considering coming to therapy. Maybe you are looking for some help with a specific personal or emotional issue, or perhaps you have a more general sense of just not feeling okay. Whatever is troubling you, I can offer you the chance to discuss your problems in a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental environment.
01463 217287 View 01463 217287
Photo of Angela Maclennan Naylor - Angela Naylor - AMN Counselling & Psychotherapy, PMCOSCA, Psychotherapist
Angela Naylor - AMN Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, PMCOSCA
Verified Verified
Diagnosed ADHD, I have first-hand experience of living with a spiky brain and all that encompasses, the anxiety, and past traumas associated with being a bit different. I’m a massive advocate for neurodiversity, and have a passion for supporting and enabling people to realise their potential. How our brains work and the effect they have on us will depend on our own unique circumstances and life experience. Together we can find the best way to recognise and work with your own uniqueness.
Diagnosed ADHD, I have first-hand experience of living with a spiky brain and all that encompasses, the anxiety, and past traumas associated with being a bit different. I’m a massive advocate for neurodiversity, and have a passion for supporting and enabling people to realise their potential. How our brains work and the effect they have on us will depend on our own unique circumstances and life experience. Together we can find the best way to recognise and work with your own uniqueness.
01309 251694 View 01309 251694
Photo of Vivienne Harte, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Vivienne Harte
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
I offer online therapy, both individual and group work for people who may be seeking change in their lives, may be struggling with aspects of their life and want greater self understanding. I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I have experience of conducting on-line therapy groups for individuals affected by the experience of Covid pandemic and especially those recovering from Long Covid.
I offer online therapy, both individual and group work for people who may be seeking change in their lives, may be struggling with aspects of their life and want greater self understanding. I am a qualified psychodynamic psychotherapist and group analyst. I have experience of conducting on-line therapy groups for individuals affected by the experience of Covid pandemic and especially those recovering from Long Covid.
01309 250180 View 01309 250180
Photo of Julia Donald - Cognitive Vitality Ltd, MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Julia Donald - Cognitive Vitality Ltd
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
Life is full of ups and downs. There are times it can feel like an endless uphill battle with little reprieve. Maybe you are noticing an increase in feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or overwhelmed. Perhaps you are having issues at work, your relationships, low self esteem or the loss of a loved one. If you have experienced childhood or adult trauma(s) there may be painful memories, flashbacks or nightmares disrupting your life, even many years after the event. I work with most mental health concerns but specialise in trauma, anxiety, dissociation, fertility issues, baby loss and low self esteem. I work exclusively online.
Life is full of ups and downs. There are times it can feel like an endless uphill battle with little reprieve. Maybe you are noticing an increase in feeling anxious, depressed, stressed or overwhelmed. Perhaps you are having issues at work, your relationships, low self esteem or the loss of a loved one. If you have experienced childhood or adult trauma(s) there may be painful memories, flashbacks or nightmares disrupting your life, even many years after the event. I work with most mental health concerns but specialise in trauma, anxiety, dissociation, fertility issues, baby loss and low self esteem. I work exclusively online.
01463 630027 View 01463 630027
Photo of Michele Junges-Stainthorpe, MBACP, Counsellor
Michele Junges-Stainthorpe
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
We all experience times when we feel isolated, misunderstood or lonely; we have the impression that we can’t function anymore in our daily life. Keeping it all inside and being unable to share our thoughts and feelings with someone for fear of being judged or criticised is not a pleasant thought. As humans, we need to talk, and we make sense of our individual circumstances and pain by processing them. I am here to support you through your difficult times.
We all experience times when we feel isolated, misunderstood or lonely; we have the impression that we can’t function anymore in our daily life. Keeping it all inside and being unable to share our thoughts and feelings with someone for fear of being judged or criticised is not a pleasant thought. As humans, we need to talk, and we make sense of our individual circumstances and pain by processing them. I am here to support you through your difficult times.
01381 658583 View 01381 658583
Photo of Victoria Ross - Dr Victoria Ross, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Victoria Ross
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
Overwhelmed? Lost? Your past weighing you down? If this is you, you are not alone. Life is tough for us all and it’s no surprise we sometimes feel a bit stuck. My primary aim is to create a safe environment where we can work together to move towards your goals. We will explore, discover and try out new skills and strategies for improvements in the long term leading to healthier relationships and greater overall well-being and life fulfilment. I work with individuals and couples.
Overwhelmed? Lost? Your past weighing you down? If this is you, you are not alone. Life is tough for us all and it’s no surprise we sometimes feel a bit stuck. My primary aim is to create a safe environment where we can work together to move towards your goals. We will explore, discover and try out new skills and strategies for improvements in the long term leading to healthier relationships and greater overall well-being and life fulfilment. I work with individuals and couples.
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Photo of Susan Ahluwalia - Amber Path Counselling, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Amber Path Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Hi, my name is Susan. Do you struggle with anxiety, stress, intrusive thoughts, reliving the past, or anxiety about the future? Maybe you want to improve your confidence or find self-acceptance? I can support you to find a path to a new way of life. I provide confidential counselling on a face to face, video/online, telephone or email basis, tailored to your personal needs. Give me a call to arrange a free 30 minute telephone consultation to get a feel of whether we would work well together and ask me any questions you may have. I am based in Clachnaharry, Inverness.
Hi, my name is Susan. Do you struggle with anxiety, stress, intrusive thoughts, reliving the past, or anxiety about the future? Maybe you want to improve your confidence or find self-acceptance? I can support you to find a path to a new way of life. I provide confidential counselling on a face to face, video/online, telephone or email basis, tailored to your personal needs. Give me a call to arrange a free 30 minute telephone consultation to get a feel of whether we would work well together and ask me any questions you may have. I am based in Clachnaharry, Inverness.
01386 574255 View 01386 574255
Photo of Kim Alice Brown, MBACP, Counsellor
Kim Alice Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
I work with both individuals and Couples to support their movement towards their desired outcomes and provide a safe, non-judgmental and empathic space for clients to discuss their worries. My aim is to support my clients with my therapeutic and blended approach using my 2 areas of expertise, Counselling, and Peter Hess Sound massage in my 90 min sessions to work together with my clients to help foster a deeper sense of calm, connection and communication. My space is one of inclusivity, relishing in the individuality of each client and their experiences. I pride myself on offering a warm, caring environment for my clients
I work with both individuals and Couples to support their movement towards their desired outcomes and provide a safe, non-judgmental and empathic space for clients to discuss their worries. My aim is to support my clients with my therapeutic and blended approach using my 2 areas of expertise, Counselling, and Peter Hess Sound massage in my 90 min sessions to work together with my clients to help foster a deeper sense of calm, connection and communication. My space is one of inclusivity, relishing in the individuality of each client and their experiences. I pride myself on offering a warm, caring environment for my clients
0161 524 4423 View 0161 524 4423
Photo of Lilla Cseke, MBACP, Counsellor
Lilla Cseke
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I offer 1 : 1 relational therapeutic counselling. Drawing on years of experience working with adults within varied settings in different countries, I offer you non-judgmental support, a safe environment to freely express and explore what is unsettling you and how to move forward. I have experience in working with stress related issues, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, relationship with food, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and issues around belonging. Evening, day-time appointments available Monday to Friday: in-person, phone, online video and Walk & Talk sessions. Initial assessment is £65, sessions are £55 for 1 hour.
I offer 1 : 1 relational therapeutic counselling. Drawing on years of experience working with adults within varied settings in different countries, I offer you non-judgmental support, a safe environment to freely express and explore what is unsettling you and how to move forward. I have experience in working with stress related issues, anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, relationship with food, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and issues around belonging. Evening, day-time appointments available Monday to Friday: in-person, phone, online video and Walk & Talk sessions. Initial assessment is £65, sessions are £55 for 1 hour.
01525 307552 View 01525 307552
Photo of Jill Holland, PhD, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Jill Holland
Counsellor, PhD, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Whatever your reason for seeking counselling; abuse, anxiety, overthinking, self-esteem, work or relationship issues, to name but a few, you're probably looking for something to change. Counselling offers you a different kind of relationship, one where you can open up, explore and reassess current or historic issues which may be holding you back. With greater understanding comes greater resilience and self-empowerment, which can enable you to make the changes you want in order to enjoy your life more fully. That life can be hard is a fact. That we have to face challenging times alone is not. Get in touch and start that change!
Whatever your reason for seeking counselling; abuse, anxiety, overthinking, self-esteem, work or relationship issues, to name but a few, you're probably looking for something to change. Counselling offers you a different kind of relationship, one where you can open up, explore and reassess current or historic issues which may be holding you back. With greater understanding comes greater resilience and self-empowerment, which can enable you to make the changes you want in order to enjoy your life more fully. That life can be hard is a fact. That we have to face challenging times alone is not. Get in touch and start that change!
01542 280188 View 01542 280188
Photo of Kasia McMorland, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Kasia McMorland
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy is deeply rooted in the humanistic values of person-centred and emotion-focused modalities. I provide a safe environment for each client to explore their concerns by offering acceptance, respect, and empathy. I believe one of the key purposes of psychotherapy is to increase each client’s self-awareness, which consequently aids personal growth and the fulfilment of innate potential. I am also passionate about the current findings of interpersonal neurobiology (IPNB) and its application to psychotherapy.
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy is deeply rooted in the humanistic values of person-centred and emotion-focused modalities. I provide a safe environment for each client to explore their concerns by offering acceptance, respect, and empathy. I believe one of the key purposes of psychotherapy is to increase each client’s self-awareness, which consequently aids personal growth and the fulfilment of innate potential. I am also passionate about the current findings of interpersonal neurobiology (IPNB) and its application to psychotherapy.
01599 230330 View 01599 230330
Photo of Michelle Kuzak, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Michelle Kuzak
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Inverness IV1  (Online Only)
For those who are struggling with their eating, weight, shape or appearance, I help and specialise in psychological restoration of those who have eating disorders or disordered eating. As a potential client, you may have high levels of anxiety, perfectionism, OCD, depression and body dysmorphia amongst other issues. You may be very tired with people telling you to eat more, or less. You may notice that your normal level of living is impaired in a variety of ways. You want change but don't know where to start.
For those who are struggling with their eating, weight, shape or appearance, I help and specialise in psychological restoration of those who have eating disorders or disordered eating. As a potential client, you may have high levels of anxiety, perfectionism, OCD, depression and body dysmorphia amongst other issues. You may be very tired with people telling you to eat more, or less. You may notice that your normal level of living is impaired in a variety of ways. You want change but don't know where to start.
01456 494641 View 01456 494641
Photo of Julie Weir, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Julie Weir
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
At some point in our lives, we may feel ‘things’ are too much for us to manage alone. Whether, we have experienced trauma, feel anxious or depressed or just don’t know what’s wrong or who we are anymore, it can feel overwhelming. It is important to find someone you feel will listen to you and really hear what you are saying. I offer flexible appointments, for example, weekly, fortnightly.
At some point in our lives, we may feel ‘things’ are too much for us to manage alone. Whether, we have experienced trauma, feel anxious or depressed or just don’t know what’s wrong or who we are anymore, it can feel overwhelming. It is important to find someone you feel will listen to you and really hear what you are saying. I offer flexible appointments, for example, weekly, fortnightly.
07476 562773 View 07476 562773
Photo of Fiona Mary MacAulay(MacRae) - Highland Trauma Services
Highland Trauma Services
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Deciding on the right therapist needs careful consideration. Welcome to evidence based approaches which get to the heart of the matter. I offer assessment and treatment which is based on up to date neuroscience to help reclaim your life. We now know that common signs of unprocessed past traumatic life events can present as depression, anxiety, panic, phobia, social anxiety and / or addiction . Please look up Highland Trauma Services to learn a little more about my clinical experience and qualifications in mental health.
Deciding on the right therapist needs careful consideration. Welcome to evidence based approaches which get to the heart of the matter. I offer assessment and treatment which is based on up to date neuroscience to help reclaim your life. We now know that common signs of unprocessed past traumatic life events can present as depression, anxiety, panic, phobia, social anxiety and / or addiction . Please look up Highland Trauma Services to learn a little more about my clinical experience and qualifications in mental health.
01456 494629 View 01456 494629
1

See more therapy options for IV1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in IV1

30+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in IV1 who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
88% Self Esteem
82% Depression
79% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
40% AXA PPP
40% Vitality

How Counsellors in IV1 see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in IV1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.