Psychodynamic Therapists in Kitchener, ON
Nicholas Jacob Balaisis
Registered Psychotherapist, PhD, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2G
I work with individuals and couples with many modalities including Cognitive Behavioural and Emotionally Focussed Therapies as well as applying psychodynamic perspectives among others, but my approach is tailored to individual needs.
My intention for you, as a therapist, is to be with you with compassion and skill to help you through life's difficult times and to help you reach your greater potential. We will work together, in a supportive environment, to increase resilience and wisdom so you can be better able to access, communicate and actualize your inner needs. Most of the clients I see are burdened by anxiety, depression, relationship problems and/or trauma. I have resources and strategies that address these all too common concerns.
I work with individuals and couples with many modalities including Cognitive Behavioural and Emotionally Focussed Therapies as well as applying psychodynamic perspectives among others, but my approach is tailored to individual needs.
My intention for you, as a therapist, is to be with you with compassion and skill to help you through life's difficult times and to help you reach your greater potential. We will work together, in a supportive environment, to increase resilience and wisdom so you can be better able to access, communicate and actualize your inner needs. Most of the clients I see are burdened by anxiety, depression, relationship problems and/or trauma. I have resources and strategies that address these all too common concerns.
I have psychodynamic training, therefore my specialty is talk therapy, to make the unconscious patterns of your life conscious, we use different tools such as free association, role play, dream work, and empty chair.
Often taking the first step is the hardest. I offer a private and safe space to explore your needs and struggles. Often we lose sight of our greatest strengths in everyday life. I offer acceptance base therapy and then I help you work towards change. Most of my experience has been in individual therapy. I truly enjoy starting an internal journey with you. Different parts of you come alive in the therapy room. When you know yourself and your different parts it is much easier to cope with life's difficulties.
I have psychodynamic training, therefore my specialty is talk therapy, to make the unconscious patterns of your life conscious, we use different tools such as free association, role play, dream work, and empty chair.
Often taking the first step is the hardest. I offer a private and safe space to explore your needs and struggles. Often we lose sight of our greatest strengths in everyday life. I offer acceptance base therapy and then I help you work towards change. Most of my experience has been in individual therapy. I truly enjoy starting an internal journey with you. Different parts of you come alive in the therapy room. When you know yourself and your different parts it is much easier to cope with life's difficulties.
Sarah Glinski
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA, RP(Q)
Verified Verified
Kitchener, ON N2H (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is psychodynamic, trauma informed, spiritually informed and narrative in nature.
You are exhausted! You know that you could feel more fulfilled but you're not sure what to do next. You worry all the time, your energy is depleted, managing daily tasks feel impossible and you aren't feeling too great about yourself. You have a sense that your life should be different than this, that you should have a more meaningful purpose. Maybe you even know what that purpose is- but you're scared. Scared of being misunderstood, humiliated, rejected. Scared of failing. I know what that feels like. And if you're willing, I can help guide you through it.
My approach to therapy is psychodynamic, trauma informed, spiritually informed and narrative in nature.
You are exhausted! You know that you could feel more fulfilled but you're not sure what to do next. You worry all the time, your energy is depleted, managing daily tasks feel impossible and you aren't feeling too great about yourself. You have a sense that your life should be different than this, that you should have a more meaningful purpose. Maybe you even know what that purpose is- but you're scared. Scared of being misunderstood, humiliated, rejected. Scared of failing. I know what that feels like. And if you're willing, I can help guide you through it.
Mehdi 'aras' Nasrin
Registered Psychotherapist, RP , MACP, CHyp, PhD
Verified Verified
Kitchener, ON N2B
I am also trained in Jungian-informed psychodynamic psychotherapy.
I believe that we are all in a continuous process of identifying our internal resources, embracing our own creativity and mobilizing our psychic energy. My aim for therapy is to help my clients arrive at a personal, yet structured and novel, understanding of themselves, others and the world around them. I invite my clients to enrich their personal narratives and use their own unique abilities and skills. Each session is a collaborative attempt to elaborate on the client’s mental map. Each conversation is a mutual dialogue on how you could experience yourself differently.
I am also trained in Jungian-informed psychodynamic psychotherapy.
I believe that we are all in a continuous process of identifying our internal resources, embracing our own creativity and mobilizing our psychic energy. My aim for therapy is to help my clients arrive at a personal, yet structured and novel, understanding of themselves, others and the world around them. I invite my clients to enrich their personal narratives and use their own unique abilities and skills. Each session is a collaborative attempt to elaborate on the client’s mental map. Each conversation is a mutual dialogue on how you could experience yourself differently.
Kaleigh Russell
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2H
Clinically, I follow an eclectic framework informed and influenced strongly by Psychodynamic Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
I am a dedicated Registered Social Worker (RSW) with a Master of Social Work who practices clinical psychotherapy and supportive counselling. I have a passion for delivering therapeutic interventions that address the social, emotional, relational, behavioural, and psychological needs of individuals and couples in order to address presenting problems in a holistic way. I have experience working with adults, adolescents (13+) and couples. My areas of specialty include attachment & relational trauma, self worth/esteem, self sabotage, unhelpful thinking patterns, addiction & substance abuse, relationship issues, depression & anxiety
Clinically, I follow an eclectic framework informed and influenced strongly by Psychodynamic Therapy, Narrative Therapy, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT), and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
I am a dedicated Registered Social Worker (RSW) with a Master of Social Work who practices clinical psychotherapy and supportive counselling. I have a passion for delivering therapeutic interventions that address the social, emotional, relational, behavioural, and psychological needs of individuals and couples in order to address presenting problems in a holistic way. I have experience working with adults, adolescents (13+) and couples. My areas of specialty include attachment & relational trauma, self worth/esteem, self sabotage, unhelpful thinking patterns, addiction & substance abuse, relationship issues, depression & anxiety
Katie Gosse
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2A (Online Only)
Using a specialized psychodynamic approach, I'll help you access memories and emotions safely, which allows you to heal from your pain and live your life in freedom, joy, and peace.
As a Christian woman, it’s hard navigating your experiences of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Your pain and suffering makes you question “If God is good, then why hasn’t he healed me? Is there something wrong with me? Do I not have enough faith?” Maybe past painful experiences of abuse or neglect haunt you and you can’t seem to forgive and move on. Depression and anxiety feel out of your control leaving you scared and hopeless. You pray and pray and pray and it doesn’t stop. Maybe you’ve tried therapy before and it didn’t help as you hoped. You desire and need the peace promised in the bible but it feels so far away.
Using a specialized psychodynamic approach, I'll help you access memories and emotions safely, which allows you to heal from your pain and live your life in freedom, joy, and peace.
As a Christian woman, it’s hard navigating your experiences of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Your pain and suffering makes you question “If God is good, then why hasn’t he healed me? Is there something wrong with me? Do I not have enough faith?” Maybe past painful experiences of abuse or neglect haunt you and you can’t seem to forgive and move on. Depression and anxiety feel out of your control leaving you scared and hopeless. You pray and pray and pray and it doesn’t stop. Maybe you’ve tried therapy before and it didn’t help as you hoped. You desire and need the peace promised in the bible but it feels so far away.
My holistic approach integrates person-centred therapy with other evidence-based therapies, including CBT, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Psychodynamic Therapy while drawing inspiration from Narrative Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness.
Accepting New Clients. Throughout life's various phases, we often encounter common themes that touch the core of our shared human journey. I have more than 6 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults facing a range of mental health conditions including relationship difficulties, complex trauma, intergenerational trauma, depression, anxiety, oppression, low self-worth and BPD. Through lived experience with mental health and as a second-generation immigrant with a bicultural background, I offer you a deep understanding and distinctive viewpoint supporting growth, empowerment, healing and lasting change.
My holistic approach integrates person-centred therapy with other evidence-based therapies, including CBT, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) and Psychodynamic Therapy while drawing inspiration from Narrative Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Mindfulness.
Accepting New Clients. Throughout life's various phases, we often encounter common themes that touch the core of our shared human journey. I have more than 6 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults facing a range of mental health conditions including relationship difficulties, complex trauma, intergenerational trauma, depression, anxiety, oppression, low self-worth and BPD. Through lived experience with mental health and as a second-generation immigrant with a bicultural background, I offer you a deep understanding and distinctive viewpoint supporting growth, empowerment, healing and lasting change.
My work is informed by solution-focused, narrative, cognitive-behaviour, mindfulness, and psychodynamic approaches to emotional healing and behavioural change.
Life can challenge us in ways that leave us feeling overwhelmed and in emotional pain. Sometimes we need help to get back on track. Counselling is an opportunity to feel safe, respected, heard and appreciated for who you really are. It is a place to get perspective on your life, learn coping skills and to explore solutions that work for you.
My work is informed by solution-focused, narrative, cognitive-behaviour, mindfulness, and psychodynamic approaches to emotional healing and behavioural change.
Life can challenge us in ways that leave us feeling overwhelmed and in emotional pain. Sometimes we need help to get back on track. Counselling is an opportunity to feel safe, respected, heard and appreciated for who you really are. It is a place to get perspective on your life, learn coping skills and to explore solutions that work for you.
Marinela Trickett
Registered Psychotherapist, MACP, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2A
I have experience utilizing DBT, EFT, EFT for couples and complex Trauma, Exposure therapy, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness modalities.
I have been working with people suffering from BPD and difficulties regulating emotions in clinical settings and private practice for over a decade now. I have also worked extensively with poly-substance and behavioural addictions, clients from diverse cultural backgrounds, age, and socioeconomic status, complex PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, LGBTQ, and Sex Addiction. I have worked closely with Veterans, struggling with decades of combat trauma, victims of human trafficking, loss and grief. I have acquired this experience not only in individual and group setting, but also working with couples in outpatient and inpatient setting.
I have experience utilizing DBT, EFT, EFT for couples and complex Trauma, Exposure therapy, Psychodynamic, and Mindfulness modalities.
I have been working with people suffering from BPD and difficulties regulating emotions in clinical settings and private practice for over a decade now. I have also worked extensively with poly-substance and behavioural addictions, clients from diverse cultural backgrounds, age, and socioeconomic status, complex PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, LGBTQ, and Sex Addiction. I have worked closely with Veterans, struggling with decades of combat trauma, victims of human trafficking, loss and grief. I have acquired this experience not only in individual and group setting, but also working with couples in outpatient and inpatient setting.
Swapna Viswanathan
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MACP, MBA, RHN, NLP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2A
My approach to therapy is rooted in trauma-informed and integrating different modalities like CBT, SFBT, narrative therapy and psychodynamic theories to work with individuals and families from diverse backgrounds.
Carl Jung quoted "I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become". Are you looking to learn coping mechanisms to manage symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression or negative thoughts? Are you navigating life transitions and working towards achieving your life goals? Are you looking to work on past trauma or intergenerational cultural trauma? Are you and your partner going through fertility treatments, in your perinatal or postnatal phase and looking for support during this journey? My lived experience inspired me to add this as a part of my service for individuals and couples counselling.
My approach to therapy is rooted in trauma-informed and integrating different modalities like CBT, SFBT, narrative therapy and psychodynamic theories to work with individuals and families from diverse backgrounds.
Carl Jung quoted "I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become". Are you looking to learn coping mechanisms to manage symptoms of trauma, anxiety, depression or negative thoughts? Are you navigating life transitions and working towards achieving your life goals? Are you looking to work on past trauma or intergenerational cultural trauma? Are you and your partner going through fertility treatments, in your perinatal or postnatal phase and looking for support during this journey? My lived experience inspired me to add this as a part of my service for individuals and couples counselling.
Reenie Perkovic
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MTA, MMT
Verified Verified
Kitchener, ON N2H (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is eclectic and draws from psychodynamic, narrative, emotion-focused, mindfulness, and music therapy principles and techniques.
I’m Reenie (she/they) and I’m a queer therapist who values the importance of lived experiences and aims to help empower you as the author of your own story. Whether you're seeking to build connection with yourself and others, or navigating life challenges, I’m here to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgemental space to explore your feelings, thoughts, needs, and goals. As an anti-oppressive, trauma-informed therapist, I am passionate about creating safer spaces through human-to-human collaboration and will move at your pace on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
My approach to therapy is eclectic and draws from psychodynamic, narrative, emotion-focused, mindfulness, and music therapy principles and techniques.
I’m Reenie (she/they) and I’m a queer therapist who values the importance of lived experiences and aims to help empower you as the author of your own story. Whether you're seeking to build connection with yourself and others, or navigating life challenges, I’m here to provide a warm, safe, and non-judgemental space to explore your feelings, thoughts, needs, and goals. As an anti-oppressive, trauma-informed therapist, I am passionate about creating safer spaces through human-to-human collaboration and will move at your pace on your journey of self-discovery and healing.
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Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, RSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Kitchener, ON N2A
I work from a relational, psychodynamic perspective, simply meaning that I see the therapeutic relationship as the foundation of our work and I see the value in understanding how our past experiences have an impact on who we are today.
Therapy offers a profound opportunity to make sense of overwhelming emotions, heal from painful relationships, and address past traumas that impact your present life. My goal is to build a relationship with you where you feel deeply accepted and genuinely understood. Through this connection, we can gently explore your inner world, helping you gain insight into your emotions and nurturing a stronger sense of self. For adults, this journey unfolds through meaningful conversations, while for children, emotions are expressed and understood through the language of play, fostering growth in a safe, supportive environment.
I work from a relational, psychodynamic perspective, simply meaning that I see the therapeutic relationship as the foundation of our work and I see the value in understanding how our past experiences have an impact on who we are today.
Therapy offers a profound opportunity to make sense of overwhelming emotions, heal from painful relationships, and address past traumas that impact your present life. My goal is to build a relationship with you where you feel deeply accepted and genuinely understood. Through this connection, we can gently explore your inner world, helping you gain insight into your emotions and nurturing a stronger sense of self. For adults, this journey unfolds through meaningful conversations, while for children, emotions are expressed and understood through the language of play, fostering growth in a safe, supportive environment.
Gurnoor Bawa
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2M
I specialize in trauma-informed, person-centered therapy, using IFS, EFT, psychodynamic, DBT, and Somatic therapy.
Taking the first step towards self-awareness and healing can feel challenging. I am here to offer a safe, unbiased space to unpack emotions, experiences, and thoughts. Recognizing our internal dualities and reconnecting with our inner child, a wounded part of ourselves, can be transformative and healing. As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you by fostering self-awareness and challenging harmful patterns. To book an appointment, please visit our website (chettiarcounselling.ca).
I specialize in trauma-informed, person-centered therapy, using IFS, EFT, psychodynamic, DBT, and Somatic therapy.
Taking the first step towards self-awareness and healing can feel challenging. I am here to offer a safe, unbiased space to unpack emotions, experiences, and thoughts. Recognizing our internal dualities and reconnecting with our inner child, a wounded part of ourselves, can be transformative and healing. As your therapist, I am committed to supporting you by fostering self-awareness and challenging harmful patterns. To book an appointment, please visit our website (chettiarcounselling.ca).
Joshua Parent Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd, MT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2M
Specifically, I draw from psychodynamic psychotherapy, EMDR, narrative psychotherapy and parts work.
Currently offering in-person sessions to Windsor-Essex and online to all of Ontario. My name is Josh and I am a queer-identifying, Registered Psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy prioritizes the relationship that develops between us and focuses on creating a sense of safety. I approach each person with a genuine curiosity to better understand both their present and past experiences. I have extensive experience working with adults to address relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, depression and self-esteem.
Specifically, I draw from psychodynamic psychotherapy, EMDR, narrative psychotherapy and parts work.
Currently offering in-person sessions to Windsor-Essex and online to all of Ontario. My name is Josh and I am a queer-identifying, Registered Psychotherapist. My approach to psychotherapy prioritizes the relationship that develops between us and focuses on creating a sense of safety. I approach each person with a genuine curiosity to better understand both their present and past experiences. I have extensive experience working with adults to address relationship issues, trauma, anxiety, depression and self-esteem.
Andrea Legato
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2K (Online Only)
You’re feeling overwhelmed, whether from the pressures of daily life, the demands of relationships, or the weight of expectations you can never quite meet. Constantly second-guessing your choices and prioritizing others' needs may have left you feeling disconnected from yourself. Maybe you're a mother navigating society’s impossible standards, a young adult juggling school and life, or someone facing a major life transition. If anxiety, depression, stress, or a sense of feeling lost are taking a toll, you're not alone.
You’re feeling overwhelmed, whether from the pressures of daily life, the demands of relationships, or the weight of expectations you can never quite meet. Constantly second-guessing your choices and prioritizing others' needs may have left you feeling disconnected from yourself. Maybe you're a mother navigating society’s impossible standards, a young adult juggling school and life, or someone facing a major life transition. If anxiety, depression, stress, or a sense of feeling lost are taking a toll, you're not alone.
Catherine Kovacich
Registered Social Worker, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2G
Waitlist for new clients
You know how sometimes in life we feel like we should just know how to deal? Well I have extensive experience working with people who have felt that way, and who feel like they are struggling sometimes just to make it through their days. I work with issues that are sometimes too difficult to talk about such as: professional burnout, vicarious trauma/compassion fatigue, caregiver burnout, relationship conflict that impacts personal and professional well-being, even suicidal thoughts. I am able to help to understand, and most importantly, help guide and support change in functioning and behaviour.
You know how sometimes in life we feel like we should just know how to deal? Well I have extensive experience working with people who have felt that way, and who feel like they are struggling sometimes just to make it through their days. I work with issues that are sometimes too difficult to talk about such as: professional burnout, vicarious trauma/compassion fatigue, caregiver burnout, relationship conflict that impacts personal and professional well-being, even suicidal thoughts. I am able to help to understand, and most importantly, help guide and support change in functioning and behaviour.
Joscelyn Guindon
Registered Social Worker, BA, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2H
NIHB provider. Each and every person that has crossed my path has their own unique life journey, and so needs a unique approach to building tools to move through them. My neuro, gender inclusive therapeutic approach is to gain understanding of who you are and your concerns, and work together to explore tools and solutions unique to you. My focus is on creating space where folx can build their skills in an open and judgment-free environment, where you know you best and I'm here to offer support and guidance. I have extensive experience working with 2SLGBTQ+ youth and adults, and with ENM and polyamory communities.
NIHB provider. Each and every person that has crossed my path has their own unique life journey, and so needs a unique approach to building tools to move through them. My neuro, gender inclusive therapeutic approach is to gain understanding of who you are and your concerns, and work together to explore tools and solutions unique to you. My focus is on creating space where folx can build their skills in an open and judgment-free environment, where you know you best and I'm here to offer support and guidance. I have extensive experience working with 2SLGBTQ+ youth and adults, and with ENM and polyamory communities.
First Step Men's Therapy - No Waitlist
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), HBSc, BSW, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2H
We believe that true strength lies in the courage to seek help. Our clinic is dedicated to supporting men as they navigate life's challenges, offering a safe space to explore emotions, heal wounds, and rediscover strength. We specialize in addressing issues like anxiety, depression, relationships, and self-worth, empowering men to break free from stigma and embrace the full potential of their mental health. Your courage to seek help is the first step—let us guide you through the rest. We look forward to supporting you on your journey!
We believe that true strength lies in the courage to seek help. Our clinic is dedicated to supporting men as they navigate life's challenges, offering a safe space to explore emotions, heal wounds, and rediscover strength. We specialize in addressing issues like anxiety, depression, relationships, and self-worth, empowering men to break free from stigma and embrace the full potential of their mental health. Your courage to seek help is the first step—let us guide you through the rest. We look forward to supporting you on your journey!
Chelsea Larsson
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2K (Online Only)
Struggling with life's transitions while facing systemic barriers? Need support that fosters growth without compromising your integrity? You're in the right place. It’s tough for self-identified misfits—those of us who are nerdy, witchy, queer, neurodivergent, chronically ill, or just frustrated trying to thrive in a society not built for us. Finding values-aligned support can be even harder. My goal is to empower you to navigate these challenges with confidence and authenticity, moving toward a fulfilling life without sacrificing who you are.
Struggling with life's transitions while facing systemic barriers? Need support that fosters growth without compromising your integrity? You're in the right place. It’s tough for self-identified misfits—those of us who are nerdy, witchy, queer, neurodivergent, chronically ill, or just frustrated trying to thrive in a society not built for us. Finding values-aligned support can be even harder. My goal is to empower you to navigate these challenges with confidence and authenticity, moving toward a fulfilling life without sacrificing who you are.
Paula Marie van Riel
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Kitchener, ON N2K
Welcome! If you have found your way here, it is likely because the discomfort from feeling stressed, overwhelmed and disconnected has become stronger than the fear of looking at what is driving those feelings. Even though it’s scary, you are willing to take a step toward balance and connection by seeking support. I am here to help you navigate major life transitions, relationship troubles, anxiety, loss or depression so that you can walk toward stronger and more meaningful relationships with others and fully embrace all the gifts that life has to offer.
Welcome! If you have found your way here, it is likely because the discomfort from feeling stressed, overwhelmed and disconnected has become stronger than the fear of looking at what is driving those feelings. Even though it’s scary, you are willing to take a step toward balance and connection by seeking support. I am here to help you navigate major life transitions, relationship troubles, anxiety, loss or depression so that you can walk toward stronger and more meaningful relationships with others and fully embrace all the gifts that life has to offer.
See more therapy options for Kitchener
Psychodynamic Counsellors
Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?
Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.
How long does psychodynamic therapy last?
Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.
Does psychodynamic therapy work?
Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.
What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?
Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.