Adoption Therapists in Sydenham, ON

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Photo of Chrystal Dulmage, MA, BA, Registered Psychotherapist
Chrystal Dulmage
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, ON K0H  (Online Only)
Welcoming new clients! Like the transition from fall to winter, we all go through seasons that threaten our livelihood and shake us from thriving to dormancy. This often leaves us questioning our meaning and purpose. Your experience may be a devastating loss, lack of energy, motivation, and enjoyment in activities and people that once brought you joy or physical and psychological restlessness. It is difficult in such states to understand how flourishing is possible. However, there is hope! Just as winter gives way to spring showers and new life springs forth to flourishing, neither is your situation hopeless; you can thrive again.
Welcoming new clients! Like the transition from fall to winter, we all go through seasons that threaten our livelihood and shake us from thriving to dormancy. This often leaves us questioning our meaning and purpose. Your experience may be a devastating loss, lack of energy, motivation, and enjoyment in activities and people that once brought you joy or physical and psychological restlessness. It is difficult in such states to understand how flourishing is possible. However, there is hope! Just as winter gives way to spring showers and new life springs forth to flourishing, neither is your situation hopeless; you can thrive again.
(343) 338-3131 View (343) 338-3131
Photo of Leslie Ann Welsh, MA, BEd, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Leslie Ann Welsh
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, BEd, RP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kingston, ON K0H
Are you experiencing grief from loss of a loved one, ending of a relationship or medical diagnosis? Struggling with the demands of life? Feeling overwhelmed? Mixed emotions as a competitive athlete, parent, caregiver? Let me help you! My calm approach will keep you at the centre of therapy sessions as we work together to resolve your issue. Let me help you regain your sense of self using a humanistic approach.
Are you experiencing grief from loss of a loved one, ending of a relationship or medical diagnosis? Struggling with the demands of life? Feeling overwhelmed? Mixed emotions as a competitive athlete, parent, caregiver? Let me help you! My calm approach will keep you at the centre of therapy sessions as we work together to resolve your issue. Let me help you regain your sense of self using a humanistic approach.
(289) 804-8609 View (289) 804-8609
Photo of Carly Quintero - Carly Quintero @ Psychotherapy for You, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Carly Quintero @ Psychotherapy for You
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, ON K0H  (Online Only)
Hello I am a welcoming, attentive clinician with a natural knack for relationship building. I earned my Master's degree in Counselling from Oakland University (Michigan) in 2013 and have been a Registered Psychotherapist in Ontario since 2016, as well as a Member of the Ontario Society of Registered Psychotherapists. I have over eight years of experience counselling individuals from predominantly person-centered and narrative approaches with specific focus placed on developing treatment to fit each client's unique needs and personality. I am confident working with anxiety, depression, trauma, emotional effects of chronic pain,
Hello I am a welcoming, attentive clinician with a natural knack for relationship building. I earned my Master's degree in Counselling from Oakland University (Michigan) in 2013 and have been a Registered Psychotherapist in Ontario since 2016, as well as a Member of the Ontario Society of Registered Psychotherapists. I have over eight years of experience counselling individuals from predominantly person-centered and narrative approaches with specific focus placed on developing treatment to fit each client's unique needs and personality. I am confident working with anxiety, depression, trauma, emotional effects of chronic pain,
(289) 272-9090 View (289) 272-9090

Online Therapists

Photo of Melissa Thivierge, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Melissa Thivierge
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K2M
I specialize in attachment disruptions, adoption support, children in care, trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and family support. I work alongside children, youth, adults, and families that are seeking a safe, and non-judgemental space to explore their struggles, relationships, emotional distress, and behavioural challenges.
I specialize in attachment disruptions, adoption support, children in care, trauma, ADHD, anxiety, depression, and family support. I work alongside children, youth, adults, and families that are seeking a safe, and non-judgemental space to explore their struggles, relationships, emotional distress, and behavioural challenges.
(343) 304-6453 View (343) 304-6453
Photo of Allison Grey - Allison Grey Counselling and Psychotherapy, RP, BA, CYW, Registered Psychotherapist
Allison Grey Counselling and Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, BA, CYW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2M
I specialize in ADHD, adoption, anxiety, attachment, depression, emotional regulation, parenting and trauma with children, youth and families.
I began my journey working with children and youth over 20 years ago in the field of Child and Youth work. My experience and passion are in helping people build and strengthen healthy attachments and connections not only with others, but with themselves. I believe that connection within the therapeutic relationship is so important and I will work with you in order to create safety as you trust me to support you in this part of your journey. I will focus on your story in a respectful and non-judgmental way so that together we can create the foundation for what you need in order to heal, grow and change in the ways you want.
I specialize in ADHD, adoption, anxiety, attachment, depression, emotional regulation, parenting and trauma with children, youth and families.
I began my journey working with children and youth over 20 years ago in the field of Child and Youth work. My experience and passion are in helping people build and strengthen healthy attachments and connections not only with others, but with themselves. I believe that connection within the therapeutic relationship is so important and I will work with you in order to create safety as you trust me to support you in this part of your journey. I will focus on your story in a respectful and non-judgmental way so that together we can create the foundation for what you need in order to heal, grow and change in the ways you want.
(343) 304-5659 View (343) 304-5659
Photo of Karen Moore, RSW, MA, ECE, Registered Social Worker
Karen Moore
Registered Social Worker, RSW, MA, ECE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carleton Place, ON K7C
I am a registered social worker (RSW) specializing in working with children, youth, families and adults. I have extensive experience working with clients dealing with various issues including trauma, adoption/permanency issues, parenting, LGBTQ, parenting, self esteem/self concept, grief/loss.
I am a registered social worker (RSW) specializing in working with children, youth, families and adults. I have extensive experience working with clients dealing with various issues including trauma, adoption/permanency issues, parenting, LGBTQ, parenting, self esteem/self concept, grief/loss.
(343) 312-7336 View (343) 312-7336
Photo of Lauren Leahy - Holistic Psychotherapy, RP(Q), Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying)
Lauren Leahy - Holistic Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist (Qualifying), RP(Q)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2J
As a psychotherapist specializing in Perinatal Mental Health, I am particularly passionate about supporting women through the emotional, spiritual, and physical journeys of pregnancy, postpartum, and the transition to motherhood. I also work with clients who are grieving a loss that occurred through miscarriage or stillbirth, are struggling with infertility, or who experienced a traumatic birthing experience. In addition, I work with parents who are in the process of adoption or who have adopted a child, as well as individuals who themselves are adopted.
As a psychotherapist specializing in Perinatal Mental Health, I am particularly passionate about supporting women through the emotional, spiritual, and physical journeys of pregnancy, postpartum, and the transition to motherhood. I also work with clients who are grieving a loss that occurred through miscarriage or stillbirth, are struggling with infertility, or who experienced a traumatic birthing experience. In addition, I work with parents who are in the process of adoption or who have adopted a child, as well as individuals who themselves are adopted.
(343) 655-4197 View (343) 655-4197
Photo of Sandra J Forbes, RSW, CRPO, Registered Social Worker
Sandra J Forbes
Registered Social Worker, RSW, CRPO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kanata, ON K2K
As an Approved Adoption Practitioner with the Ontario Ministry of Youth and Children's Services, I conduct home study assessments and provide a wide range of adoption related services.
People who feel low, anxious, and/or are tired of arguing can make a change. I am a registered therapist, social worker and coach. If repetitive patterns are draining you, I can help. For over 30 yrs I have helped individuals, couples and families overcome personal challenges and deepen their relationships. I offer Systemic, Cognitive Behavioural (CBT), Emotionally Focussed and other therapeutic approaches to help people, stretch personal and relationship muscles, in order to make changes that are central to their lives.
As an Approved Adoption Practitioner with the Ontario Ministry of Youth and Children's Services, I conduct home study assessments and provide a wide range of adoption related services.
People who feel low, anxious, and/or are tired of arguing can make a change. I am a registered therapist, social worker and coach. If repetitive patterns are draining you, I can help. For over 30 yrs I have helped individuals, couples and families overcome personal challenges and deepen their relationships. I offer Systemic, Cognitive Behavioural (CBT), Emotionally Focussed and other therapeutic approaches to help people, stretch personal and relationship muscles, in order to make changes that are central to their lives.
(343) 453-2123 View (343) 453-2123
Photo of Skb Keelan-Bishop, RP, MACP, Registered Psychotherapist
Skb Keelan-Bishop
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Belleville, ON K8N  (Online Only)
My clinical certifications include Perinatal Mental Health (CPMHT), Adoption Competency for Mental Health Professionals (ACO), and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (ATMA).
Neurodiversity-affirming therapy with a neurodivergent therapist. Identity exploration, navigation of neurotypical institutions, screening for autistic burnout, processing lived experiences of ADHD, and more. My healing-centred approach creates space for you to safely unmask and explore your authentic self. Sessions are available via video, phone, and secure synchronous text.
My clinical certifications include Perinatal Mental Health (CPMHT), Adoption Competency for Mental Health Professionals (ACO), and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (ATMA).
Neurodiversity-affirming therapy with a neurodivergent therapist. Identity exploration, navigation of neurotypical institutions, screening for autistic burnout, processing lived experiences of ADHD, and more. My healing-centred approach creates space for you to safely unmask and explore your authentic self. Sessions are available via video, phone, and secure synchronous text.
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Photo of Markus McIntyre, BSW, MSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Markus McIntyre
Registered Social Worker, BSW, MSW, RSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1G  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have preference for engaging with the LGBTQ+ community, people with disabilities, neurodiverse people, and with people who have experience in the child welfare system or with adoption, but I also work with clients who do not identify in these ways.
Working with clients across Ontario and Nova Scotia - As a trans, non-binary, queer, neurodiverse, adoptee, living with disabilities, I bring a unique perspective to working with clients who are experiencing challenges regarding gender, sexual orientation, sexuality, disability, identity, relationships, and with people who have experience with adoption and/or the child welfare system. I work with adults and youth, their families, and social circles to provide support and guidance as they navigate transitions and challenges in their lives. I am a qualified secondary assessor for Transition-Related Surgeries for OHIP coverage.
I have preference for engaging with the LGBTQ+ community, people with disabilities, neurodiverse people, and with people who have experience in the child welfare system or with adoption, but I also work with clients who do not identify in these ways.
Working with clients across Ontario and Nova Scotia - As a trans, non-binary, queer, neurodiverse, adoptee, living with disabilities, I bring a unique perspective to working with clients who are experiencing challenges regarding gender, sexual orientation, sexuality, disability, identity, relationships, and with people who have experience with adoption and/or the child welfare system. I work with adults and youth, their families, and social circles to provide support and guidance as they navigate transitions and challenges in their lives. I am a qualified secondary assessor for Transition-Related Surgeries for OHIP coverage.
(647) 372-1541 View (647) 372-1541
Photo of Martha MacLaine - Grafted Branches, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Grafted Branches
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nepean, ON K2J
Families created through adoption, fostering and donor-assisted reproduction and blended families have unique histories and experiences which differ from families created through birth alone. All have experienced losses and the trauma of broken birth bonds. These experiences can provoke conscious or unconscious feelings such as grief, anger and shame which have significant impacts on self-value, behaviours, relationships and intimacy. If you are a part of such a family, accessing & understanding your experience & grieving your losses, are necessary before personal change and deeper interpersonal connections can be made.
Families created through adoption, fostering and donor-assisted reproduction and blended families have unique histories and experiences which differ from families created through birth alone. All have experienced losses and the trauma of broken birth bonds. These experiences can provoke conscious or unconscious feelings such as grief, anger and shame which have significant impacts on self-value, behaviours, relationships and intimacy. If you are a part of such a family, accessing & understanding your experience & grieving your losses, are necessary before personal change and deeper interpersonal connections can be made.
(343) 306-4460 View (343) 306-4460
Photo of Kathryn Anne Flynn, RP, BA-Hon, MA, Registered Psychotherapist
Kathryn Anne Flynn
Registered Psychotherapist, RP, BA-Hon, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carp, ON K0A
I am trained, but not limited to, working with clients through anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD or CPTSD), body image, postpartum depression, adoption, families with children, and children's challenging behaviours, as well as significant life changes.
Hello! As a psychotherapist (RP) and director of The Wren Centre: Therapy for All Ages, I respond to the person or family in front of me – our struggles are similar, and each of us is unique. My style is warm, supportive, and informative. I support clients with an attachment and trauma-informed toolkit and work with children, adolescents and adults. I bring over 13 years as a yoga, meditation, and Ayurveda educator with a large toolkit of mindfulness and somatic techniques to help. If you’re looking to sift through your inner experience with compassion, levity and thoughtfulness, we may be a fit.
I am trained, but not limited to, working with clients through anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD or CPTSD), body image, postpartum depression, adoption, families with children, and children's challenging behaviours, as well as significant life changes.
Hello! As a psychotherapist (RP) and director of The Wren Centre: Therapy for All Ages, I respond to the person or family in front of me – our struggles are similar, and each of us is unique. My style is warm, supportive, and informative. I support clients with an attachment and trauma-informed toolkit and work with children, adolescents and adults. I bring over 13 years as a yoga, meditation, and Ayurveda educator with a large toolkit of mindfulness and somatic techniques to help. If you’re looking to sift through your inner experience with compassion, levity and thoughtfulness, we may be a fit.
(343) 312-5925 View (343) 312-5925
Photo of Catherine Horvath - Ottawa Centre for Resilience, CPsych, Psychologist
Ottawa Centre for Resilience
Psychologist, CPsych
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K1S
We work with those struggling with disruptive behaviours, self-regulation, attachment, and sexual behaviour issues related to histories of adverse childhood experiences, complex developmental trauma, adoption related issues, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and involvement with the child welfare, family court, and/or criminal justice systems.
We are currently accepting clients immediately with NO WAIT for psychotherapy (children, adolescents, adults, and families). You can book an intake here: aws-portal/owlpractice.ca/ocfr We are a mental health centre for childhood trauma & dissociation, attachment, adoption, and high-conflict families for Ottawa and surrounding areas. Our clinicians have advanced training in a variety of evidence-based trauma-informed approaches for treating children, youth, adults, and families, including psycho-biologically and somatic based approaches, such as EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, SMART, Brainspotting, and Safe and Sound Protocol.
We work with those struggling with disruptive behaviours, self-regulation, attachment, and sexual behaviour issues related to histories of adverse childhood experiences, complex developmental trauma, adoption related issues, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and involvement with the child welfare, family court, and/or criminal justice systems.
We are currently accepting clients immediately with NO WAIT for psychotherapy (children, adolescents, adults, and families). You can book an intake here: aws-portal/owlpractice.ca/ocfr We are a mental health centre for childhood trauma & dissociation, attachment, adoption, and high-conflict families for Ottawa and surrounding areas. Our clinicians have advanced training in a variety of evidence-based trauma-informed approaches for treating children, youth, adults, and families, including psycho-biologically and somatic based approaches, such as EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, SMART, Brainspotting, and Safe and Sound Protocol.
(613) 714-0662 View (613) 714-0662
Photo of Bria Wannamaker - Therapy for Kids & Teens | Bria Wannamaker, MS, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Therapy for Kids & Teens | Bria Wannamaker
Registered Psychotherapist, MS, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingston, ON K7K
For kids and teens, stress can show up as anxiety, aggression, perfectionism, anger, and other big emotions and behaviours. Trauma, stress, and attachment disorders can show up in through different life events such as: Bullying, Divorce/separation, Loss of a parent, Moving homes, Difficulty in school, Parent with substance use/mental health concerns, Adoption, Parents who work away for extended period of time, or Difficulty with peers. Therapy can help youth to identify process challenging life events and to learn healthy coping skills and communication strategies.
For kids and teens, stress can show up as anxiety, aggression, perfectionism, anger, and other big emotions and behaviours. Trauma, stress, and attachment disorders can show up in through different life events such as: Bullying, Divorce/separation, Loss of a parent, Moving homes, Difficulty in school, Parent with substance use/mental health concerns, Adoption, Parents who work away for extended period of time, or Difficulty with peers. Therapy can help youth to identify process challenging life events and to learn healthy coping skills and communication strategies.
(343) 307-0903 View (343) 307-0903
Photo of Sandra E LeBlanc, BSW, RSW, Registered Social Worker
Sandra E LeBlanc
Registered Social Worker, BSW, RSW
Verified Verified
Ottawa, ON K2M
I have extensive training in areas such as anxiety, depression, attachment issues, foster care, adoption, trauma, including treatment of child sexual abuse, sexualized behaviours, bullying issues, grief and loss, separation, divorce issues, and LGBTQ2s+.
I am a registered social worker with the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers. I have over 25 years experience providing therapy with, children, adolescents, adults and families. I am very passionate about my work and feel blessed to have walked alongside my clients over the years and share in their journey of growth and healing. My life experiences and role as a parent have also helped me become the clinician I am today.
I have extensive training in areas such as anxiety, depression, attachment issues, foster care, adoption, trauma, including treatment of child sexual abuse, sexualized behaviours, bullying issues, grief and loss, separation, divorce issues, and LGBTQ2s+.
I am a registered social worker with the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers. I have over 25 years experience providing therapy with, children, adolescents, adults and families. I am very passionate about my work and feel blessed to have walked alongside my clients over the years and share in their journey of growth and healing. My life experiences and role as a parent have also helped me become the clinician I am today.
(343) 313-0344 View (343) 313-0344
Photo of Courtney Vezina, MA, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Courtney Vezina
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, RP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Kemptville, ON K0G
My team and I at Courtney James Counselling and Psychotherapy are here to provide a safe and supportive space for you. We are honoured to meet you where you are, and move toward meeting your goals. We offer therapy services to children, teens, adults and couples. I also offer specialized support for caregivers and children/adolescents in the foster care and adoption community.
My team and I at Courtney James Counselling and Psychotherapy are here to provide a safe and supportive space for you. We are honoured to meet you where you are, and move toward meeting your goals. We offer therapy services to children, teens, adults and couples. I also offer specialized support for caregivers and children/adolescents in the foster care and adoption community.
(343) 312-6832 View (343) 312-6832
Photo of Resolve Counselling Services Canada - Resolve Counselling Services Canada, Registered Psychotherapist
Resolve Counselling Services Canada
Registered Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Kingston, ON K7K
Resolve Counselling Services Canada offers a number of programs and services that have been developed to support adults, youth, couples and families overcome challenges that affect their emotional and social well-being. All of our counsellors believe that the individuals, couples, families, and groups who come to us for counselling are resilient and possess the inherent strengths needed to solve their unique set of challenges. Each of our clinical counsellors uses a counselling approach that is informed by current best practices.
Resolve Counselling Services Canada offers a number of programs and services that have been developed to support adults, youth, couples and families overcome challenges that affect their emotional and social well-being. All of our counsellors believe that the individuals, couples, families, and groups who come to us for counselling are resilient and possess the inherent strengths needed to solve their unique set of challenges. Each of our clinical counsellors uses a counselling approach that is informed by current best practices.
(613) 519-5967 View (613) 519-5967
Photo of Allison Heffern - Holistic Psychotherapy, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Allison Heffern - Holistic Psychotherapy
Registered Psychotherapist, RP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K2J
I am a Registered Psychotherapist who facilitates healing through modern and holistic psychotherapy practices. I work with Individuals, Couples and Families, providing support in the following areas: Mental and Emotional Wellness Optimization, Self-Development and Spirituality, Childhood and Developmental Trauma Recovery, Anxiety, Depression and other mood difficulties, Eating Disorders, Perinatal Mental Health, Addictions, AD(H)D, Stress and Emotional Management, Couples Therapy, and Parenting/Family Therapy.
I am a Registered Psychotherapist who facilitates healing through modern and holistic psychotherapy practices. I work with Individuals, Couples and Families, providing support in the following areas: Mental and Emotional Wellness Optimization, Self-Development and Spirituality, Childhood and Developmental Trauma Recovery, Anxiety, Depression and other mood difficulties, Eating Disorders, Perinatal Mental Health, Addictions, AD(H)D, Stress and Emotional Management, Couples Therapy, and Parenting/Family Therapy.
(343) 429-6191 View (343) 429-6191
Photo of Stacey Matthews, RSW, RP, Registered Psychotherapist
Stacey Matthews
Registered Psychotherapist, RSW, RP
Verified Verified
Kanata, ON K2M  (Online Only)
Our experiences, choices and life circumstances can weigh heavily upon us. When our circumstances feel overwhelming and we struggle to see our way through the stress and pain, reaching out for support can lead us to an alternate path of peace, understanding and happiness. I work with youth, adults, families and couples seeking support with challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma and post-traumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties such as relationship distress, attachment injuries and problematic interpersonal patterns, sleep difficulties, stress and anger management.
Our experiences, choices and life circumstances can weigh heavily upon us. When our circumstances feel overwhelming and we struggle to see our way through the stress and pain, reaching out for support can lead us to an alternate path of peace, understanding and happiness. I work with youth, adults, families and couples seeking support with challenges such as: anxiety, depression, trauma and post-traumatic stress, interpersonal difficulties such as relationship distress, attachment injuries and problematic interpersonal patterns, sleep difficulties, stress and anger management.
(343) 800-0077 View (343) 800-0077
Photo of Julia Vlaming - Ottawa Art Therapy Inc, CATA, CRPO, Registered Psychotherapist
Ottawa Art Therapy Inc
Registered Psychotherapist, CATA, CRPO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ottawa, ON K1Z
Julia Vlaming: Does not reside in a castle, but will hold down the fort nonetheless. Taught the Ice Queen to love summertime. Fluent at deciphering treasure maps. Says she's not responsible for Rapunzel's escape, but we all know the truth.... Working on bringing peace to Narnia.
Julia Vlaming: Does not reside in a castle, but will hold down the fort nonetheless. Taught the Ice Queen to love summertime. Fluent at deciphering treasure maps. Says she's not responsible for Rapunzel's escape, but we all know the truth.... Working on bringing peace to Narnia.
(343) 308-1397 View (343) 308-1397
Adoption Counsellors

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioural or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioural, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.