Counselling in 4509

Photo of Durriya Meraj, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Durriya Meraj
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Mango Hill, QLD 4509
I believe in contributing towards welfare of the community through my knowledge and experience. I integrate client-centred communicative skills using an empathic and compassionate approach in my practice to help and alleviate the distress of the individuals encountering mental health challenges.I have experience in conducting various cognitive assessments and use validated measure to inform the clients’ presentations. I incorporate various evidence-based interventions like CBT, PCT and Solution Focused therapy, motivational interviewing, Grief Counselling and IPT into client-focused issues.
I believe in contributing towards welfare of the community through my knowledge and experience. I integrate client-centred communicative skills using an empathic and compassionate approach in my practice to help and alleviate the distress of the individuals encountering mental health challenges.I have experience in conducting various cognitive assessments and use validated measure to inform the clients’ presentations. I incorporate various evidence-based interventions like CBT, PCT and Solution Focused therapy, motivational interviewing, Grief Counselling and IPT into client-focused issues.
(07) 3608 1767 View (07) 3608 1767
Photo of Ferroll J Gordon - Helpful Ways, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Helpful Ways
Counsellor, ACA-L4
North Lakes, QLD 4509
Is it hard for you to speak about feelings of low self-worth or loneliness? What about in times of stress or uncertainty where feeling “stuck” happens regularly? What other situations are happening right now that is taking away your “happy”? If these issues concern you or anyone you know, maybe I can help.
Is it hard for you to speak about feelings of low self-worth or loneliness? What about in times of stress or uncertainty where feeling “stuck” happens regularly? What other situations are happening right now that is taking away your “happy”? If these issues concern you or anyone you know, maybe I can help.
(07) 3186 8455 View (07) 3186 8455
Photo of Dilini Madushani Perera, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Dilini Madushani Perera
Psychologist, PsyBA General
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I am Dilini Perera, generally registered psychologist with experience supporting individuals across the lifespan. I work with mothers with young children (Perinatal support), Children from 6 years to adolescence and adults. Also, I have experience in working with CALD, and neurodiverse clients.
I am Dilini Perera, generally registered psychologist with experience supporting individuals across the lifespan. I work with mothers with young children (Perinatal support), Children from 6 years to adolescence and adults. Also, I have experience in working with CALD, and neurodiverse clients.
(07) 3608 1931 View (07) 3608 1931
Photo of Sharon Taylor, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Sharon Taylor
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Mango Hill, QLD 4509
I am a registered Psychologist with a Masters of Educational and Developmental Psychology. I have more than 18 years experience in various services and in providing individually tailored therapeutic intervention for individuals aged from 2 - 24 years of age. I also have experience supporting parents as they navigate the challenges of raising children. Families are welcome to access services using a Mental Health Care Plan, NDIS or private health insurance.
I am a registered Psychologist with a Masters of Educational and Developmental Psychology. I have more than 18 years experience in various services and in providing individually tailored therapeutic intervention for individuals aged from 2 - 24 years of age. I also have experience supporting parents as they navigate the challenges of raising children. Families are welcome to access services using a Mental Health Care Plan, NDIS or private health insurance.
(07) 3050 0602 View (07) 3050 0602
Photo of Sharon Luscombe - Out of the Ashes Counselling Australia, Counsellor, ACA-L1
Sharon has worked with children, teens, families and individuals for over 30 years, and is the founder and director of Out of the Ashes Counselling Australia, a private counselling practice. She is a registered professional counsellor with the ACA and Psychology Today, having qualifications in Counselling, Christian Ministry and Theology, Child Development and Effective Parenting, Gestalt Therapy, Sand Tray Therapy, Core Value Therapy and Art Therapy. Some therapies Sharon uses include Person Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Solution Focused Therapy and Core Value Therapy.
Sharon has worked with children, teens, families and individuals for over 30 years, and is the founder and director of Out of the Ashes Counselling Australia, a private counselling practice. She is a registered professional counsellor with the ACA and Psychology Today, having qualifications in Counselling, Christian Ministry and Theology, Child Development and Effective Parenting, Gestalt Therapy, Sand Tray Therapy, Core Value Therapy and Art Therapy. Some therapies Sharon uses include Person Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Solution Focused Therapy and Core Value Therapy.
(07) 3184 4302 View (07) 3184 4302
Photo of Amy Foley, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Amy Foley
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I am passionate about inspiring you to achieve optimal levels of mental health and wellbeing and to support your personal growth and adaptability to life’s challenges. I practice from a holistic and whole-person approach that looks at physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual/authentic parts. I comprehensively look at presenting symptoms and assist getting to the root cause of your struggles. I use a compassionate, strengths-based, non-judgemental approach. I offer a calming environment for you to feel comfortable. I offer therapy and assessments for children, adults, and parents. I work by telehealth/online and home visits.
I am passionate about inspiring you to achieve optimal levels of mental health and wellbeing and to support your personal growth and adaptability to life’s challenges. I practice from a holistic and whole-person approach that looks at physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual/authentic parts. I comprehensively look at presenting symptoms and assist getting to the root cause of your struggles. I use a compassionate, strengths-based, non-judgemental approach. I offer a calming environment for you to feel comfortable. I offer therapy and assessments for children, adults, and parents. I work by telehealth/online and home visits.
(07) 3214 3636 View (07) 3214 3636
Photo of Hayley Marie Parker - Turning Corners Therapy with Hayley Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AASW
Turning Corners Therapy with Hayley Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AASW
Online Only
As a social worker, I take a holistic person-centered approach addressing my client's needs by supporting individuals to feel empowered and confident within themselves. I strive to encourage self-determination of all people including their families. I believe everyone has their own individual traits and I respect people for who they are and what they believe in. With coping strategies, we can work together so you can achieve your personal goals. Hayley has extensive experience supporting clients and their families affected by depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, self-harm, trauma, ADHD, ASD, grief and loss.
As a social worker, I take a holistic person-centered approach addressing my client's needs by supporting individuals to feel empowered and confident within themselves. I strive to encourage self-determination of all people including their families. I believe everyone has their own individual traits and I respect people for who they are and what they believe in. With coping strategies, we can work together so you can achieve your personal goals. Hayley has extensive experience supporting clients and their families affected by depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, self-harm, trauma, ADHD, ASD, grief and loss.
(07) 2000 5743 View (07) 2000 5743
Photo of Lennard La Grange, Psychologist, MA, MAPS
Lennard La Grange
Psychologist, MA, MAPS
1 Endorsed
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I am passionate about helping people overcome some of life's inevitable struggles and to further navigate through these times to become the best they can be and to lead a full and meaningful lives.
I am passionate about helping people overcome some of life's inevitable struggles and to further navigate through these times to become the best they can be and to lead a full and meaningful lives.
(07) 3608 1075 View (07) 3608 1075
Photo of Marina Truter - Mango Hill Counselling, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Mango Hill Counselling
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Mango Hill, QLD 4509
Whether you are facing a new trial, or just decided to take action regarding a long standing issue, take the first step towards healing and overcoming. It is at your fingertips, and might be easier than you think. It certainly takes courage, but also has unimaginable rewards. Embark on the search within the safety of a collaborative and therapeutic relationship.
Whether you are facing a new trial, or just decided to take action regarding a long standing issue, take the first step towards healing and overcoming. It is at your fingertips, and might be easier than you think. It certainly takes courage, but also has unimaginable rewards. Embark on the search within the safety of a collaborative and therapeutic relationship.
(02) 6188 7039 View (02) 6188 7039
Photo of Jasmine May Koretz - The Psychology Hub Pty Ltd, Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
The Psychology Hub Pty Ltd
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
North Lakes, QLD 4509
Are you tired of seeing your child or love one struggle and wonder what you could do to make them feel better? Perhaps you worry about their ability to make & keep friends, meet their academic potential, communicate, or manage emotions? Are you scared that things will get worse or that you have tried EVERYTHING? Or maybe you are personally struggling? Feelings of sadness or anxiety are making you feel isolated & lonely & are stopping you from enjoying life? We understand it can be pretty scary to reach out to someone you don't know, especially when you want to make sure you pick the right person first time.
Are you tired of seeing your child or love one struggle and wonder what you could do to make them feel better? Perhaps you worry about their ability to make & keep friends, meet their academic potential, communicate, or manage emotions? Are you scared that things will get worse or that you have tried EVERYTHING? Or maybe you are personally struggling? Feelings of sadness or anxiety are making you feel isolated & lonely & are stopping you from enjoying life? We understand it can be pretty scary to reach out to someone you don't know, especially when you want to make sure you pick the right person first time.
(07) 3062 8233 View (07) 3062 8233
Photo of Menny Clare Monahan - Menny Monahan Wellbeing, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Menny Monahan Wellbeing
Counsellor, ACA-L4
North Lakes, QLD 4509
With over two decades of experience as a counsellor and a Master’s degree in the field, I bring both professional expertise and a deep passion for the work I do. I love what I do—and I do what I love. For me, it is a true privilege to sit alongside someone during a vulnerable part of their journey. Life can be messy, painful, confusing, or just plain hard—and reaching out for support takes real courage. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace. Whether you're facing a specific challenge or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to support you with com
With over two decades of experience as a counsellor and a Master’s degree in the field, I bring both professional expertise and a deep passion for the work I do. I love what I do—and I do what I love. For me, it is a true privilege to sit alongside someone during a vulnerable part of their journey. Life can be messy, painful, confusing, or just plain hard—and reaching out for support takes real courage. My role is to provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace. Whether you're facing a specific challenge or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to support you with com
(07) 3608 1928 View (07) 3608 1928
Photo of Leonie Ruth Schilling - North Lakes Counselling Services, Counsellor
Leonie Schilling Leonie is a very experienced Counsellor, Teacher, Trainer, Assessor, Mediator and Early childhood Educator who is also a Justice of the Peace. Specialising in Relationship Counselling, Personal Counselling and Grief and Loss. In addition to running her private practice, Leonie currently teaches the Diploma of Counselling, Life Coaching and various psychology short courses at three Learning organisations. Leonie has a strong media presence including radio and magazines. Leonie is also the published author of “Relationship Intensive Care” and writes a weekly column “Conversations with Leonie”
Leonie Schilling Leonie is a very experienced Counsellor, Teacher, Trainer, Assessor, Mediator and Early childhood Educator who is also a Justice of the Peace. Specialising in Relationship Counselling, Personal Counselling and Grief and Loss. In addition to running her private practice, Leonie currently teaches the Diploma of Counselling, Life Coaching and various psychology short courses at three Learning organisations. Leonie has a strong media presence including radio and magazines. Leonie is also the published author of “Relationship Intensive Care” and writes a weekly column “Conversations with Leonie”
(07) 3184 4801 View (07) 3184 4801
Photo of The Liminal Space - Ruben Blackwood, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
The Liminal Space - Ruben Blackwood
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
North Lakes, QLD 4509
Primarily I see adults who are curious and ready to explore aspects of themselves and their experiences in a supportive environment. My area of passion is working with autistic and transgender folks, and these are also areas of lived experience for me. Whether you are managing anxiety, seeking better coping strategies, or wanting to feel more connected with yourself and others, you will find a safe and respectful space here.
Primarily I see adults who are curious and ready to explore aspects of themselves and their experiences in a supportive environment. My area of passion is working with autistic and transgender folks, and these are also areas of lived experience for me. Whether you are managing anxiety, seeking better coping strategies, or wanting to feel more connected with yourself and others, you will find a safe and respectful space here.
(07) 2100 4426 View (07) 2100 4426
Photo of Taylor Richards, Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Taylor Richards
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Online Only
Taylor offers a warm and empathetic approach to therapy and provide evidence-based assessments and interventions to clients from all walks of life. Taylor mainly works with adolescents and adults across a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress, pre/post pregnancy, life transitions and adjustment difficulties, relationships and workplace issues. Taylor appreciates that her clients are experts of their own lives, so her goal is to work collaboratively with you to help refine and develop strategies to improve your life outcomes and help you to reach your goals.
Taylor offers a warm and empathetic approach to therapy and provide evidence-based assessments and interventions to clients from all walks of life. Taylor mainly works with adolescents and adults across a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress, pre/post pregnancy, life transitions and adjustment difficulties, relationships and workplace issues. Taylor appreciates that her clients are experts of their own lives, so her goal is to work collaboratively with you to help refine and develop strategies to improve your life outcomes and help you to reach your goals.
1800 327 477 View 1800 327 477
Photo of Kirstie Elliott, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Kirstie Elliott
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I have a special interest in working with clientele across the lifespan, navigating various life stages and challenges through an attachment-based lens. My work centers on supporting individuals in developing secure and meaningful relationships, whether in parenting, family dynamics, or intimate connections. I help adolescents and adults explore how early attachment experiences shape emotional regulation, self-worth, and relational patterns, particularly in managing anger, anxiety, and depression.
I have a special interest in working with clientele across the lifespan, navigating various life stages and challenges through an attachment-based lens. My work centers on supporting individuals in developing secure and meaningful relationships, whether in parenting, family dynamics, or intimate connections. I help adolescents and adults explore how early attachment experiences shape emotional regulation, self-worth, and relational patterns, particularly in managing anger, anxiety, and depression.
(07) 3608 1412 View (07) 3608 1412
Photo of Phoebe Yau-Evans - New Hope Psychology & Counselling-Phoebe Yau-Evans, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
New Hope Psychology & Counselling-Phoebe Yau-Evans
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
North Lakes, QLD 4509
“Getting over a painful experience is much like crossing monkey bars. You have to let go at some point in order to move forward.” – C.S. Lewis. Phoebe feels she is privileged to be a clinical psychologist assisting her clients crossing their personal “monkey bars” and see them moving forward. She has a warm, professional manner and is passionate about helping others, with an understanding of Christian values if needed. She empathises with clients’ pain and difficulties. She has an openness to learn more about clients’ values and beliefs. She uses an integrated approach to therapy and is committed to a client-centred approach.
“Getting over a painful experience is much like crossing monkey bars. You have to let go at some point in order to move forward.” – C.S. Lewis. Phoebe feels she is privileged to be a clinical psychologist assisting her clients crossing their personal “monkey bars” and see them moving forward. She has a warm, professional manner and is passionate about helping others, with an understanding of Christian values if needed. She empathises with clients’ pain and difficulties. She has an openness to learn more about clients’ values and beliefs. She uses an integrated approach to therapy and is committed to a client-centred approach.
(07) 3186 9763 View (07) 3186 9763
Photo of John Pocock - Lifeway Counselling , Psychotherapist, PhD
Lifeway Counselling
Psychotherapist, PhD
Mango Hill, QLD 4509
The human spirit when given the chance with evidence based therapies is capable of over coming the most difficult of challenges. Helping my clients achieve a good, full and meaningful life in a safe and trusting environment is my paramount objective.
The human spirit when given the chance with evidence based therapies is capable of over coming the most difficult of challenges. Helping my clients achieve a good, full and meaningful life in a safe and trusting environment is my paramount objective.
0404 857 523 View 0404 857 523
Photo of Justine Gilliland, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Justine Gilliland
Counsellor, ACA-L2
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I provide individual, relationship and sex therapy. I'm passionate about journeying with individuals through grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, issues of self-worth, and sexual difficulties. It is my aim that through the counselling process you would develop a deep sense of worth, authenticity, freedom, confidence, and the capacity to live a meaningful life. I also counsel couples who are dealing with a range of issues from affairs, escalating conflict, and mismatched sexual desire. I work with couples to deepen and strengthen their connection, communication skills, trust, commitment, and sexual intimacy.
I provide individual, relationship and sex therapy. I'm passionate about journeying with individuals through grief, trauma, anxiety, depression, issues of self-worth, and sexual difficulties. It is my aim that through the counselling process you would develop a deep sense of worth, authenticity, freedom, confidence, and the capacity to live a meaningful life. I also counsel couples who are dealing with a range of issues from affairs, escalating conflict, and mismatched sexual desire. I work with couples to deepen and strengthen their connection, communication skills, trust, commitment, and sexual intimacy.
(07) 3608 1164 View (07) 3608 1164
Photo of Kerry Salvesen - Pharos Therapy - Kerry Salvesen , Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Pharos Therapy - Kerry Salvesen
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
North Lakes, QLD 4509
At Pharos Therapy, our passion lies in helping individuals and families flourish. Nestled in the heart of northern Brisbane, our practice is led by Kerry Salvesen, a seasoned counselling psychologist with over two decades of dedicated experience. We specialize in providing compassionate, tailored psychological support to children, adolescents, adults, and their families, ensuring that each person receives the care they need to thrive. Kerry is a Board Approved Supervisor and offers online or in-person supervision.
At Pharos Therapy, our passion lies in helping individuals and families flourish. Nestled in the heart of northern Brisbane, our practice is led by Kerry Salvesen, a seasoned counselling psychologist with over two decades of dedicated experience. We specialize in providing compassionate, tailored psychological support to children, adolescents, adults, and their families, ensuring that each person receives the care they need to thrive. Kerry is a Board Approved Supervisor and offers online or in-person supervision.
(07) 3801 6519 View (07) 3801 6519
Photo of Shannon Attwater - The Liminal Space - Shannon Attwater, Psychologist, PsyBA General
The Liminal Space - Shannon Attwater
Psychologist, PsyBA General
North Lakes, QLD 4509
I work with adults and young people (aged 16+) who would like help to manage their mood, learn new ways to cope with stress and/or anxiety, explore their gender or sexuality, process a recent Autism or ADHD diagnosis, learn ways to improve their communication with others, and improve their social life. I enjoy supporting people to develop lives that are fulfilling, enjoyable, and filled with passion and meaning. My approach to therapy is person-centred and client-led, meaning that I will work with you to ensure that your support is tailored to your unique needs, preferences, and goals.
I work with adults and young people (aged 16+) who would like help to manage their mood, learn new ways to cope with stress and/or anxiety, explore their gender or sexuality, process a recent Autism or ADHD diagnosis, learn ways to improve their communication with others, and improve their social life. I enjoy supporting people to develop lives that are fulfilling, enjoyable, and filled with passion and meaning. My approach to therapy is person-centred and client-led, meaning that I will work with you to ensure that your support is tailored to your unique needs, preferences, and goals.
(07) 3608 1203 View (07) 3608 1203

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 4509

60+

Average cost per session

$192

Counsellors in 4509 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
82% Depression
79% Self Esteem
75% Coping Skills
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Medicare Rebates
67% Bupa
58% NDIS

How Counsellors in 4509 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
12% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 4509?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.