Photo of Jason Litherland, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Jason Litherland
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Online Only
I love working with people to help them reach their full potential. I love exploring people’s life, their strengths and barriers to achieving their goals. I like to help clients feel “un-stuck”. I have spent most of my career working with young adults and professionals, and enjoy working with those who are struggling with personal issues that impact their daily life or working through relational issues. We are all relational beings so I think it’s important to have a good understanding of how our relationships impact us.
I love working with people to help them reach their full potential. I love exploring people’s life, their strengths and barriers to achieving their goals. I like to help clients feel “un-stuck”. I have spent most of my career working with young adults and professionals, and enjoy working with those who are struggling with personal issues that impact their daily life or working through relational issues. We are all relational beings so I think it’s important to have a good understanding of how our relationships impact us.
(07) 3608 1924 View (07) 3608 1924
Photo of Mark De Calmer - mjdCounselling, Counsellor, ACA-L1
mjdCounselling
Counsellor, ACA-L1
Kallangur, QLD 4503
For over 30 years, I’ve helped guide people through life’s toughest moments. Like many, I’ve taken some hard hits myself. Life was just “okay” until it fell apart in ways I never expected. I turned to psychology—not just to understand what was happening, but to find a way forward. What I learned didn’t just help me survive. It helped me live again. It became a passion and a mission to pass on the tools. Utilising a range of proven techniques— from (CBT) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, (NLP), (EFT) , Person Centered, and mindfulness to name just a few. For couples, I generally use the Gottman Techniques.
For over 30 years, I’ve helped guide people through life’s toughest moments. Like many, I’ve taken some hard hits myself. Life was just “okay” until it fell apart in ways I never expected. I turned to psychology—not just to understand what was happening, but to find a way forward. What I learned didn’t just help me survive. It helped me live again. It became a passion and a mission to pass on the tools. Utilising a range of proven techniques— from (CBT) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, (NLP), (EFT) , Person Centered, and mindfulness to name just a few. For couples, I generally use the Gottman Techniques.
(07) 3113 9332 View (07) 3113 9332
Photo of Dante Zelakiewicz - Dante Psychology - Mental Health & Neurodiversity, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Dante Psychology - Mental Health & Neurodiversity
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Griffin, QLD 4503
Anxiety, Trauma, Autism, & ADHD are my four areas of specialty. If you want to work with a psychologist who really understands these issues, who will tailor their approach to your specific needs, and who can provide a mixture of being patient, empathetic, and direct, then we will be a good fit. We will work towards resolving the root causes of problems, not just applying temporary fixes. This might involve addressing past trauma, problem solving present-day issues, and skill-building for the future.
Anxiety, Trauma, Autism, & ADHD are my four areas of specialty. If you want to work with a psychologist who really understands these issues, who will tailor their approach to your specific needs, and who can provide a mixture of being patient, empathetic, and direct, then we will be a good fit. We will work towards resolving the root causes of problems, not just applying temporary fixes. This might involve addressing past trauma, problem solving present-day issues, and skill-building for the future.
0420 235 817 View 0420 235 817
Photo of Christobel Jhonly - Christobel Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L3
Christobel Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Griffin, QLD 4503
Christobel is an accredited counsellor and registered supervisor with ACA, who is a passionate person and loves to work with people in their distress. She is committed to guiding people in their trouble and helping them to reach their goals and improve their wellbeing. Currently runs a private practice, working at Youth and Families Association also at a High school. A wealth of life experience and multicultural competency provides her the ability to connect with people, understand their path and counsel them.
Christobel is an accredited counsellor and registered supervisor with ACA, who is a passionate person and loves to work with people in their distress. She is committed to guiding people in their trouble and helping them to reach their goals and improve their wellbeing. Currently runs a private practice, working at Youth and Families Association also at a High school. A wealth of life experience and multicultural competency provides her the ability to connect with people, understand their path and counsel them.
(07) 3214 3635 View (07) 3214 3635
Photo of Jessica Kenny, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jessica Kenny
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Kallangur, QLD 4503
Jess moved into private practice in 2021, prior to private practice Jess worked in a therapeutic capacity with adolescents in the child protection system, helping vulnerable young people understand trauma, develop coping skills and delivering psychoeducation. Jess is committed to building a safe, non-judgment space for her clients. Her main areas of interest include: Perinatal mental health, Anxiety disorders, Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Trauma, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression and Grief and Loss.
Jess moved into private practice in 2021, prior to private practice Jess worked in a therapeutic capacity with adolescents in the child protection system, helping vulnerable young people understand trauma, develop coping skills and delivering psychoeducation. Jess is committed to building a safe, non-judgment space for her clients. Her main areas of interest include: Perinatal mental health, Anxiety disorders, Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Trauma, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Depression and Grief and Loss.
(07) 3608 1504 View (07) 3608 1504
Photo of Laura Sorensen, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Laura Sorensen
Psychologist, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am passionate about making psychological assessment, diagnosis and treatment accessible, easy to understand and affordable. My areas of interest include ADHD, Autism, Borderline (BPD), trauma and attachment. I am known for getting to the heart of issues quickly and for finding practical solutions to promote healing and growth. My goal is to help you understand why you do what you do, and empower you with the knowledge and strategies to make meaningful changes in the areas that are important to you.
I am passionate about making psychological assessment, diagnosis and treatment accessible, easy to understand and affordable. My areas of interest include ADHD, Autism, Borderline (BPD), trauma and attachment. I am known for getting to the heart of issues quickly and for finding practical solutions to promote healing and growth. My goal is to help you understand why you do what you do, and empower you with the knowledge and strategies to make meaningful changes in the areas that are important to you.
(07) 3067 2480 View (07) 3067 2480
Photo of Kerry Salvesen - Pharos Therapy - Kerry Salvesen , Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Pharos Therapy - Kerry Salvesen
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
At Pharos Therapy, our passion lies in helping individuals and families flourish. Nestled in the heart of northern Brisbane, our practice is led by Kerry Salvesen, a seasoned counselling psychologist with over two decades of dedicated experience. We specialize in providing compassionate, tailored psychological support to children, adolescents, adults, and their families, ensuring that each person receives the care they need to thrive. Kerry is a Board Approved Supervisor and offers online or in-person supervision.
At Pharos Therapy, our passion lies in helping individuals and families flourish. Nestled in the heart of northern Brisbane, our practice is led by Kerry Salvesen, a seasoned counselling psychologist with over two decades of dedicated experience. We specialize in providing compassionate, tailored psychological support to children, adolescents, adults, and their families, ensuring that each person receives the care they need to thrive. Kerry is a Board Approved Supervisor and offers online or in-person supervision.
(07) 3801 6519 View (07) 3801 6519
Photo of Leonie Ruth Schilling - North Lakes Counselling Services, Counsellor
North Lakes Counselling Services
Counsellor
Serves Area
Leonie Schilling Leonie is a Qualified Counsellor, Trainer, Mediator and Early childhood Educator who is also a Justice of the Peace. Specialising in Relationship Counselling, Personal Counselling and Employment Coaching. In addition to running her private practice, Leonie currently teaches the Diploma of Counselling, Life Coaching and various psychology short courses at three Learning organisations. Leonie has a strong media presence including radio where she delivers “On the Couch with Leonie” at 99.7FM. Leonie is also the published author of “Relationship Intensive Care” and writes a weekly column “Conversations with Leonie”
Leonie Schilling Leonie is a Qualified Counsellor, Trainer, Mediator and Early childhood Educator who is also a Justice of the Peace. Specialising in Relationship Counselling, Personal Counselling and Employment Coaching. In addition to running her private practice, Leonie currently teaches the Diploma of Counselling, Life Coaching and various psychology short courses at three Learning organisations. Leonie has a strong media presence including radio where she delivers “On the Couch with Leonie” at 99.7FM. Leonie is also the published author of “Relationship Intensive Care” and writes a weekly column “Conversations with Leonie”
(07) 3184 4801 View (07) 3184 4801
Photo of Hayley Marie Parker - Turning Corners Therapy with Hayley Parker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AASW
Turning Corners Therapy with Hayley Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, AASW
Online Only
As a social worker, I take a holistic person-centered approach addressing my client's needs by supporting individuals to feel empowered and confident within themselves. I strive to encourage self-determination of all people including their families. I believe everyone has their own individual traits and I respect people for who they are and what they believe in. With coping strategies, we can work together so you can achieve your personal goals. Hayley has extensive experience supporting clients and their families affected by depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, self-harm, trauma, ADHD, ASD, grief and loss.
As a social worker, I take a holistic person-centered approach addressing my client's needs by supporting individuals to feel empowered and confident within themselves. I strive to encourage self-determination of all people including their families. I believe everyone has their own individual traits and I respect people for who they are and what they believe in. With coping strategies, we can work together so you can achieve your personal goals. Hayley has extensive experience supporting clients and their families affected by depression, anxiety, suicide prevention, self-harm, trauma, ADHD, ASD, grief and loss.
(07) 2000 5743 View (07) 2000 5743
Photo of Justine Gilliland, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Justine Gilliland
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Serves Area
I counsel individuals and couples, and have current availability. I'm passionate about journeying with individuals through grief, bereavement, trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of self-worth. It is my aim that through the counselling process you would develop a deep sense of worth, authenticity, freedom, confidence, and the capacity to live a meaningful life. I also counsel couples who are dealing with a range of issues from affairs, escalating conflict, and mismatched sexual desire. I work with couples to deepen and strengthen their connection, communication skills, trust, commitment, playfulness, and sexual intimacy.
I counsel individuals and couples, and have current availability. I'm passionate about journeying with individuals through grief, bereavement, trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of self-worth. It is my aim that through the counselling process you would develop a deep sense of worth, authenticity, freedom, confidence, and the capacity to live a meaningful life. I also counsel couples who are dealing with a range of issues from affairs, escalating conflict, and mismatched sexual desire. I work with couples to deepen and strengthen their connection, communication skills, trust, commitment, playfulness, and sexual intimacy.
(07) 3608 1164 View (07) 3608 1164
Photo of Jasmine May Koretz - The Psychology Hub Pty Ltd, Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
The Psychology Hub Pty Ltd
Psychologist, PsyBA Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you tired of seeing your child or love one struggle and wonder what you could do to make them feel better? Perhaps you worry about their ability to make & keep friends, meet their academic potential, communicate, or manage emotions? Are you scared that things will get worse or that you have tried EVERYTHING? Or maybe you are personally struggling? Feelings of sadness or anxiety are making you feel isolated & lonely & are stopping you from enjoying life? We understand it can be pretty scary to reach out to someone you don't know, especially when you want to make sure you pick the right person first time.
Are you tired of seeing your child or love one struggle and wonder what you could do to make them feel better? Perhaps you worry about their ability to make & keep friends, meet their academic potential, communicate, or manage emotions? Are you scared that things will get worse or that you have tried EVERYTHING? Or maybe you are personally struggling? Feelings of sadness or anxiety are making you feel isolated & lonely & are stopping you from enjoying life? We understand it can be pretty scary to reach out to someone you don't know, especially when you want to make sure you pick the right person first time.
(07) 3062 8233 View (07) 3062 8233
Photo of The Liminal Space - Ruben Blackwood, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
The Liminal Space - Ruben Blackwood
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Primarily I see adults who are curious and ready to explore aspects of themselves and their experiences in a supportive environment. My area of passion is working with autistic and transgender folks, and these are also areas of lived experience for me. Whether you are managing anxiety, seeking better coping strategies, or wanting to feel more connected with yourself and others, you will find a safe and respectful space here.
Primarily I see adults who are curious and ready to explore aspects of themselves and their experiences in a supportive environment. My area of passion is working with autistic and transgender folks, and these are also areas of lived experience for me. Whether you are managing anxiety, seeking better coping strategies, or wanting to feel more connected with yourself and others, you will find a safe and respectful space here.
(07) 2100 4426 View (07) 2100 4426
Photo of Lee-Ann Wilson - Walkabout Nature Based Psychology, Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Walkabout Nature Based Psychology
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with anxiety, relationship difficulties, life changes or health concerns? If you want someone to talk to who will also share tools to help you move past your challenges and experience real positive change in if your life, then give us a call.
Are you struggling with anxiety, relationship difficulties, life changes or health concerns? If you want someone to talk to who will also share tools to help you move past your challenges and experience real positive change in if your life, then give us a call.
(07) 3184 4686 View (07) 3184 4686
Photo of Barbara Nicholls, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
Barbara Nicholls
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L4
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I pride myself in being able to cater to the individual needs of my clients to help them to make the changes they are looking for. The values of trust, respect and recognition of difference are very important in my practice and every endeavour will be made to help clients feel safe in a confidential and supportive environment.
I pride myself in being able to cater to the individual needs of my clients to help them to make the changes they are looking for. The values of trust, respect and recognition of difference are very important in my practice and every endeavour will be made to help clients feel safe in a confidential and supportive environment.
(07) 3184 8504 View (07) 3184 8504
Photo of Sharon Taylor, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Sharon Taylor
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Serves Area
I am a registered Psychologist with a Masters of Educational and Developmental Psychology. I have more than 18 years experience in various services and in providing individually tailored therapeutic intervention for individuals aged from 2 - 24 years of age. I also have experience supporting parents as they navigate the challenges of raising children. Families are welcome to access services using a Mental Health Care Plan, NDIS or private health insurance.
I am a registered Psychologist with a Masters of Educational and Developmental Psychology. I have more than 18 years experience in various services and in providing individually tailored therapeutic intervention for individuals aged from 2 - 24 years of age. I also have experience supporting parents as they navigate the challenges of raising children. Families are welcome to access services using a Mental Health Care Plan, NDIS or private health insurance.
(07) 3050 0602 View (07) 3050 0602
Photo of Marina Truter - Mango Hill Counselling, Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Mango Hill Counselling
Psychotherapist, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Whether you are facing a new trial, or just decided to take action regarding a long standing issue, take the first step towards healing and overcoming. It is at your fingertips, and might be easier than you think. It certainly takes courage, but also has unimaginable rewards. Embark on the search within the safety of a collaborative and therapeutic relationship.
Whether you are facing a new trial, or just decided to take action regarding a long standing issue, take the first step towards healing and overcoming. It is at your fingertips, and might be easier than you think. It certainly takes courage, but also has unimaginable rewards. Embark on the search within the safety of a collaborative and therapeutic relationship.
(02) 6188 7039 View (02) 6188 7039
Photo of Durriya Meraj, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Durriya Meraj
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Serves Area
I believe in contributing towards welfare of the community through my knowledge and experience. I integrate client-centred communicative skills using an empathic and compassionate approach in my practice to help and alleviate the distress of the individuals encountering mental health challenges.I have experience in conducting various cognitive assessments and use validated measure to inform the clients’ presentations. I incorporate various evidence-based interventions like CBT, PCT and Solution Focused therapy, motivational interviewing, Grief Counselling and IPT into client-focused issues.
I believe in contributing towards welfare of the community through my knowledge and experience. I integrate client-centred communicative skills using an empathic and compassionate approach in my practice to help and alleviate the distress of the individuals encountering mental health challenges.I have experience in conducting various cognitive assessments and use validated measure to inform the clients’ presentations. I incorporate various evidence-based interventions like CBT, PCT and Solution Focused therapy, motivational interviewing, Grief Counselling and IPT into client-focused issues.
(07) 3608 1767 View (07) 3608 1767
Photo of Tracey Rehe - Tracey Rehe - Arahura Counselling, Psychotherapist, AMHSW
Tracey Rehe - Arahura Counselling
Psychotherapist, AMHSW
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
The impact of stress & trauma on our body, heart, and mind can often feel overwhelming, disconnect us from ourselves, and prevent us from living life to our fullest potential. I believe managing stress, attending to one’s mental health and emotional wellbeing, & healing from trauma requires a mindfulness and somatic (body-oriented) approach that provides you with practical grounding and self-care skills, helps you to address past trauma, & supports you to reconnect with your True Self. Current evidence supports approaches to mental health & trauma including somatic therapy in order to enhance the full integration of body & mind.
The impact of stress & trauma on our body, heart, and mind can often feel overwhelming, disconnect us from ourselves, and prevent us from living life to our fullest potential. I believe managing stress, attending to one’s mental health and emotional wellbeing, & healing from trauma requires a mindfulness and somatic (body-oriented) approach that provides you with practical grounding and self-care skills, helps you to address past trauma, & supports you to reconnect with your True Self. Current evidence supports approaches to mental health & trauma including somatic therapy in order to enhance the full integration of body & mind.
(07) 3186 5649 View (07) 3186 5649
Photo of Amy Foley, Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Amy Foley
Psychologist, MPsych, MAPS
Online Only
I am passionate about inspiring you to achieve optimal levels of mental health and wellbeing and to support your personal growth and adaptability to life’s challenges. I practice from a holistic and whole-person approach that looks at physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual/authentic parts. I comprehensively look at presenting symptoms and assist getting to the root cause of your struggles. I use a compassionate, strengths-based, non-judgemental approach. I offer a calming environment for you to feel comfortable. I offer therapy and assessments for adults mainly via telehealth. BeeWell Therapies
I am passionate about inspiring you to achieve optimal levels of mental health and wellbeing and to support your personal growth and adaptability to life’s challenges. I practice from a holistic and whole-person approach that looks at physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual/authentic parts. I comprehensively look at presenting symptoms and assist getting to the root cause of your struggles. I use a compassionate, strengths-based, non-judgemental approach. I offer a calming environment for you to feel comfortable. I offer therapy and assessments for adults mainly via telehealth. BeeWell Therapies
(07) 3214 3636 View (07) 3214 3636
Photo of Sharon Atkinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Sharon Atkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Medicare rebates for perinatal and general wellness. I have eighteen years social work and counselling experience treating adults with mental health issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and trauma. I offer a safe space where you can process your thoughts, emotions and experiences, and learn evidence-based strategies to stop the mind-chatter, make positive changes, and create a life you enjoy.
Medicare rebates for perinatal and general wellness. I have eighteen years social work and counselling experience treating adults with mental health issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and trauma. I offer a safe space where you can process your thoughts, emotions and experiences, and learn evidence-based strategies to stop the mind-chatter, make positive changes, and create a life you enjoy.
(07) 3477 9405 View (07) 3477 9405
1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 4503

20+

Average cost per session

$170

Counsellors in 4503 who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
82% Depression
82% Coping Skills
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
64% Parenting

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Medicare Rebates
60% Bupa
60% NDIS

How Counsellors in 4503 see their clients

87% In Person and Online
13% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
13% Male
9% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 4503?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.