Interpersonal Therapists in Garden Ridge, TX

Photo of Aimee Shimek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Aimee Shimek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266
Are you a woman who is at a crossroads in your life, feeling like something is missing, but you can’t quite put your finger on it? You’re ambitious and want more out of life, but you feel you have reached a point of stagnation and don’t know where to go from here. Despite achieving certain personal or professional milestones, you are left feeling unfulfilled and questioning whether you are on the right path. Maybe a big life change—a breakup, job change, change in family dynamic, or a move—has highlighted the fact that you’re still not as happy as you want to be and your old ways of coping aren’t as effective as they used to be.
Are you a woman who is at a crossroads in your life, feeling like something is missing, but you can’t quite put your finger on it? You’re ambitious and want more out of life, but you feel you have reached a point of stagnation and don’t know where to go from here. Despite achieving certain personal or professional milestones, you are left feeling unfulfilled and questioning whether you are on the right path. Maybe a big life change—a breakup, job change, change in family dynamic, or a move—has highlighted the fact that you’re still not as happy as you want to be and your old ways of coping aren’t as effective as they used to be.
(830) 582-9863 View (830) 582-9863
Photo of Irina Adams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Irina Adams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome are those whose sense of safety and joy of living are hijacked by trauma. If you find yourself struggling and exhausted, hiding your pain and feeling alone, WITH ME YOU WILL FIND HELP. For the last ten years I’ve helped people to regain life balance, self-compassion and reclaim their lives from the grips of trauma. An Air Force veteran and trauma clinician, I’m keenly attuned to the unique needs of military members, first responders, helping professionals, crime survivors, and how exposure to trauma can affect their well-being.
Welcome are those whose sense of safety and joy of living are hijacked by trauma. If you find yourself struggling and exhausted, hiding your pain and feeling alone, WITH ME YOU WILL FIND HELP. For the last ten years I’ve helped people to regain life balance, self-compassion and reclaim their lives from the grips of trauma. An Air Force veteran and trauma clinician, I’m keenly attuned to the unique needs of military members, first responders, helping professionals, crime survivors, and how exposure to trauma can affect their well-being.
(210) 880-9971 View (210) 880-9971
Photo of Beatrice M. Chapa, Psychologist in Garden Ridge, TX
Beatrice M. Chapa
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266  (Online Only)
Therapy is a very personal experience. From managing emotions, to coping with life stressors, to improving relationships, each person has their own reason for wanting to begin therapy. I work with each client to identify specific changes they want to make and find the tools to make them. My focus is to consider your individual situation first, working collaboratively to reach the goals you choose. There are many ways therapy can be helpful if you are feeling overwhelmed. I can provide a calm place as you learn to cope with difficult feelings. Call if you are ready to make changes.
Therapy is a very personal experience. From managing emotions, to coping with life stressors, to improving relationships, each person has their own reason for wanting to begin therapy. I work with each client to identify specific changes they want to make and find the tools to make them. My focus is to consider your individual situation first, working collaboratively to reach the goals you choose. There are many ways therapy can be helpful if you are feeling overwhelmed. I can provide a calm place as you learn to cope with difficult feelings. Call if you are ready to make changes.
(210) 330-4430 View (210) 330-4430
Photo of Christina Ashby, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Christina Ashby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, CFRC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266
ACCELERATED RESOLUTION THERAPY Therapist… If you've decided to seek help and you're entrusting a therapist with your most personal concerns, it is vitally important that the fit be right. Hope and relief come sooner when you find a therapist you feel comfortable with and has the experience you need. I have been in the ministry of helping individuals, families and couples most of my adult life. I balance the concerns you have while also ministering. I strive to meet people where they are, help them understand their strengths, and aid in the empowerment of taking charge of and developing their lives.
ACCELERATED RESOLUTION THERAPY Therapist… If you've decided to seek help and you're entrusting a therapist with your most personal concerns, it is vitally important that the fit be right. Hope and relief come sooner when you find a therapist you feel comfortable with and has the experience you need. I have been in the ministry of helping individuals, families and couples most of my adult life. I balance the concerns you have while also ministering. I strive to meet people where they are, help them understand their strengths, and aid in the empowerment of taking charge of and developing their lives.
(210) 361-3455 View (210) 361-3455
Photo of Kelsey Backes, Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Kelsey Backes
Counselor, LPC, LMHC, RPT, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266
Life is a journey and everyone's trial and tribulations are different. In life, it is inevitable that change occurs and that can be an overwhelming venture to embark on alone. I can be a tool and a resource for you during your time of need. I am passionate about helping others; it is a calling in my life. As Elisabeth Kubler-Ross stated, "Beautiful people do not just happen." Ross's statement has always sparked a fire within me, as I know from personal and professional experience that strength comes from within and growth comes from pain, sometimes we just need a little help.
Life is a journey and everyone's trial and tribulations are different. In life, it is inevitable that change occurs and that can be an overwhelming venture to embark on alone. I can be a tool and a resource for you during your time of need. I am passionate about helping others; it is a calling in my life. As Elisabeth Kubler-Ross stated, "Beautiful people do not just happen." Ross's statement has always sparked a fire within me, as I know from personal and professional experience that strength comes from within and growth comes from pain, sometimes we just need a little help.
(210) 625-4433 View (210) 625-4433
Photo of Jennifer Free, Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Jennifer Free
Counselor, LPC, CCTP, CAATS, CAIMHP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Garden Ridge, TX 78266
Your PEACE doesn't have to be limited. The devastation of betrayal, abandonment, divorce, disease, or death can change you instantly. Perhaps resentment, depression and anxiety are interfering with the quality of your life. Is addiction keeping you in bondage? Is Post-Acute Withdrawal limiting your day to day functioning?Trauma keeping you from experiencing life? If anything is preventing you from getting to a healthy place, maybe it's time to examine what your next steps will be. Don't allow fear, work, and life's hustle to keep you from having peace. FIND PEACE REGARDLESS OF YOUR CIRCUMSTANCES. Life can get better!
Your PEACE doesn't have to be limited. The devastation of betrayal, abandonment, divorce, disease, or death can change you instantly. Perhaps resentment, depression and anxiety are interfering with the quality of your life. Is addiction keeping you in bondage? Is Post-Acute Withdrawal limiting your day to day functioning?Trauma keeping you from experiencing life? If anything is preventing you from getting to a healthy place, maybe it's time to examine what your next steps will be. Don't allow fear, work, and life's hustle to keep you from having peace. FIND PEACE REGARDLESS OF YOUR CIRCUMSTANCES. Life can get better!
(830) 302-3619 View (830) 302-3619
Photo of Bitini Pannell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Bitini Pannell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Garden Ridge, TX 78266  (Online Only)
Bitini Pannell, a licensed Professional Counselor in Texas, exhibits a profound dedication to supporting individuals facing mental health challenges, including trauma, depression, anxiety, and stress. Her professional journey, extending over 10 years, has been marked by a deep commitment to providing compassionate and effective care to her clients. Following her academic pursuits, Bitini initiated her career in counseling at a community mental health center and hospitals. This role involved delivering therapy to individuals presenting a wide array of mental health concerns, thereby enriching her expertise in the field.
Bitini Pannell, a licensed Professional Counselor in Texas, exhibits a profound dedication to supporting individuals facing mental health challenges, including trauma, depression, anxiety, and stress. Her professional journey, extending over 10 years, has been marked by a deep commitment to providing compassionate and effective care to her clients. Following her academic pursuits, Bitini initiated her career in counseling at a community mental health center and hospitals. This role involved delivering therapy to individuals presenting a wide array of mental health concerns, thereby enriching her expertise in the field.
(737) 339-8354 View (737) 339-8354
Photo of Leila Nasr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Leila Nasr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Garden Ridge, TX 78266
Hi, I am a licensed Professional Counselor located in Houston, Texas. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in both the Community Mental Health model and in Private Practice. I earned my master’s degree in Psychology from Houston Baptist University in 2001. My experience includes working with individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, career challenges, mood disorders, substance use issues and OCD. I have also worked with clients who struggle with stress, anger, loss abuse/neglect and frustrations of life.
Hi, I am a licensed Professional Counselor located in Houston, Texas. I have over 20 years of experience as a therapist in both the Community Mental Health model and in Private Practice. I earned my master’s degree in Psychology from Houston Baptist University in 2001. My experience includes working with individuals with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, self-esteem, career challenges, mood disorders, substance use issues and OCD. I have also worked with clients who struggle with stress, anger, loss abuse/neglect and frustrations of life.
(346) 523-1400 View (346) 523-1400

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Yesenia Vasquez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Yesenia Vasquez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC-S, C-DBT, CTMH
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78247  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a bilingual/multicultural counselor with experience working with individuals with mood disorders, relationship and interpersonal difficulties, women’s issues, codependency, and family of origin dynamics and issues. I have also worked with individuals struggling with life transitions that bring bouts of anxiety and depression. I have over ten years of experience working with individuals navigating the journey of grief, PTSD/trauma, and those who experience suicidal ideation, self-harm and difficulties with coping.
I am a bilingual/multicultural counselor with experience working with individuals with mood disorders, relationship and interpersonal difficulties, women’s issues, codependency, and family of origin dynamics and issues. I have also worked with individuals struggling with life transitions that bring bouts of anxiety and depression. I have over ten years of experience working with individuals navigating the journey of grief, PTSD/trauma, and those who experience suicidal ideation, self-harm and difficulties with coping.
(956) 253-1460 View (956) 253-1460
Photo of Karen Bagwell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Karen Bagwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78233
These are my specialties: Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Grief, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Adults with Aspergers, Marriage and Premarital Counseling, and Healing for those Wounded by Abortion. I counsel in accordance with Biblical principles, and utilize scientifically based methods: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy including Exposure Response Prevention, Insight Oriented Therapy, Interpersonal Process Approach, and Medical Hypnoanalysis.
These are my specialties: Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, Grief, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Adults with Aspergers, Marriage and Premarital Counseling, and Healing for those Wounded by Abortion. I counsel in accordance with Biblical principles, and utilize scientifically based methods: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy including Exposure Response Prevention, Insight Oriented Therapy, Interpersonal Process Approach, and Medical Hypnoanalysis.
(210) 762-6091 View (210) 762-6091
Photo of Jackie Engelhardt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Jackie Engelhardt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LPC-S, LMFT-S, RPT-S, -
Verified Verified
Schertz, TX 78154
Therapy should not be complicated - it's really about sitting down and talking with another person without feeling judged, talked down to, or being told what to do. My goal is to provide safe, nurturing, and effective psychotherapy to adult, adolescents, children, and families. I use practical and individually tailored approaches. With children and teens my approach is relaxed and non-threatening. I often use play therapy techniques such as: games, art activities, and sand tray. With older teens, adults and families, I strive to create an atmosphere of teamwork that allows clients to educate me about their lives and they changes they want.
Therapy should not be complicated - it's really about sitting down and talking with another person without feeling judged, talked down to, or being told what to do. My goal is to provide safe, nurturing, and effective psychotherapy to adult, adolescents, children, and families. I use practical and individually tailored approaches. With children and teens my approach is relaxed and non-threatening. I often use play therapy techniques such as: games, art activities, and sand tray. With older teens, adults and families, I strive to create an atmosphere of teamwork that allows clients to educate me about their lives and they changes they want.
(210) 446-4684 View (210) 446-4684
Photo of Allen Novian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Allen Novian
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LPC-S, BCN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78258
If you are struggling with anxiety, ADD/ADHD, OCD, learning disabilities, communication and relationship issues, recovering from divorce, or high functioning autistic (formerly ASD), then I am the right person for you. I strive in every encounter to: 1) listen to you in an attentive, genuine, non-judging manner 2) provide conversations that help you change and "re-story" negative patterns or relationships in your life 3) help you learn new skills and ways of thinking that will help you make positive change and 4) always respect your right to be an active participant in the counseling process.
If you are struggling with anxiety, ADD/ADHD, OCD, learning disabilities, communication and relationship issues, recovering from divorce, or high functioning autistic (formerly ASD), then I am the right person for you. I strive in every encounter to: 1) listen to you in an attentive, genuine, non-judging manner 2) provide conversations that help you change and "re-story" negative patterns or relationships in your life 3) help you learn new skills and ways of thinking that will help you make positive change and 4) always respect your right to be an active participant in the counseling process.
(210) 255-2015 View (210) 255-2015
Photo of Loni Lamm M.A., Lpc-Associate, NCC SupervisedbyChristineMyersLPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Garden Ridge, TX
Loni Lamm M.A., Lpc-Associate, NCC SupervisedbyChristineMyersLPC-S
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-Ass, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78261
Are you ready to "talk to someone about it"? Is your mind and body so overwhelmed by your past and present experiences that you have symptoms of depression, anxiety, or physical and emotional disturbance? Could this have been brought on by childhood, deployment, first responder trauma, loss, or other life events? These are not uncommon. Life events can induce disturbances in our mood, relationships, and in the ability to effectively cope with day to day experiences. Developing coping skills, self-understanding, and addressing root cause can be among the first steps to self-healing and improved symptoms.
Are you ready to "talk to someone about it"? Is your mind and body so overwhelmed by your past and present experiences that you have symptoms of depression, anxiety, or physical and emotional disturbance? Could this have been brought on by childhood, deployment, first responder trauma, loss, or other life events? These are not uncommon. Life events can induce disturbances in our mood, relationships, and in the ability to effectively cope with day to day experiences. Developing coping skills, self-understanding, and addressing root cause can be among the first steps to self-healing and improved symptoms.
(830) 581-2608 View (830) 581-2608
Photo of Arturo Freyre, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Arturo Freyre
Licensed Professional Counselor, PMHNP, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78217
Spanish and English speaking clinician with early morning appointments at 8am available today. Arturo is a an exceptional clinician with a dynamic background of experience and wealth of knowledge to support his patients successful treatment plan. He completed his M.S in Counseling Psychology at Loyola University, New Orleans, LA. He also holds a MSN as a PMHNP from Northern Kentucky University. He believes that the physical is just as important as the mental and spiritual when it comes to good health. He places strong values in empathy and understanding his client's experiences.
Spanish and English speaking clinician with early morning appointments at 8am available today. Arturo is a an exceptional clinician with a dynamic background of experience and wealth of knowledge to support his patients successful treatment plan. He completed his M.S in Counseling Psychology at Loyola University, New Orleans, LA. He also holds a MSN as a PMHNP from Northern Kentucky University. He believes that the physical is just as important as the mental and spiritual when it comes to good health. He places strong values in empathy and understanding his client's experiences.
(210) 794-7312 View (210) 794-7312
Photo of Kaylob Candey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Kaylob Candey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78266  (Online Only)
I believe I have a unique and effective approach to therapeutic services. My goal is to provide clients with tailored treatment plans that can be integrated into their daily lives. I have extensive experience working with first responders and military members. I also have experience working with those with anxiety, depression, loss/grief, family challenges, life changes, adjustment, and life skills.
I believe I have a unique and effective approach to therapeutic services. My goal is to provide clients with tailored treatment plans that can be integrated into their daily lives. I have extensive experience working with first responders and military members. I also have experience working with those with anxiety, depression, loss/grief, family challenges, life changes, adjustment, and life skills.
(817) 587-4923 View (817) 587-4923
Photo of Esperanza Care Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Garden Ridge, TX
Esperanza Care Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New Braunfels, TX 78132
My practice is for those who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and mental health disturbances or spiritual disturbances. This world/universe is changing quite rapidly, causing us to feel out of our mind! My goal is to help those who don't fit into the conventional therapy approaches. I help with building self-esteem, confidence, and empower clients to be their best! If any of this resonateswith you, give me a call. It is my highest calling to assist with your personal growth.
My practice is for those who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and mental health disturbances or spiritual disturbances. This world/universe is changing quite rapidly, causing us to feel out of our mind! My goal is to help those who don't fit into the conventional therapy approaches. I help with building self-esteem, confidence, and empower clients to be their best! If any of this resonateswith you, give me a call. It is my highest calling to assist with your personal growth.
(210) 942-9646 View (210) 942-9646
Photo of Jamey Hinman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Jamey Hinman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78233
I believe recovery and growth is a deeply personal individualized experience. I feel privileged being a part of each clients journey. Empathy, compassion, self-worth, vulnerability & relationships with yourself & others are areas that I can help you with on your journey to healing, growing and excelling. Finding the right counselor is paramount to achieving success. I’m an Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) & Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor (LCDC). I received both my B.A. in Psychology & M.A. in Counseling and Guidance from Texas A&M. I’ve worked in various settings such as private practice, outpatient & residential.
I believe recovery and growth is a deeply personal individualized experience. I feel privileged being a part of each clients journey. Empathy, compassion, self-worth, vulnerability & relationships with yourself & others are areas that I can help you with on your journey to healing, growing and excelling. Finding the right counselor is paramount to achieving success. I’m an Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) & Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor (LCDC). I received both my B.A. in Psychology & M.A. in Counseling and Guidance from Texas A&M. I’ve worked in various settings such as private practice, outpatient & residential.
(830) 310-6112 View (830) 310-6112
Photo of LeAnna Coulter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
LeAnna Coulter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Live Oak, TX 78233
Having a baby is a huge life transition individually and for the family. Change can happen in an instant but navigating your personal transition in response to that change takes time so it is important to nurture yourself through pregnancy and postpartum. During the perinatal period, anxiety can feel overwhelming especially if you are having scary thoughts and difficulty regulating emotions. You are not alone and at times motherhood is hard. It's okay to make yourself a priority and be mindful of what you are feeling and needing. When we take care of ourselves, we are then better equipped to be there for others in our life.
Having a baby is a huge life transition individually and for the family. Change can happen in an instant but navigating your personal transition in response to that change takes time so it is important to nurture yourself through pregnancy and postpartum. During the perinatal period, anxiety can feel overwhelming especially if you are having scary thoughts and difficulty regulating emotions. You are not alone and at times motherhood is hard. It's okay to make yourself a priority and be mindful of what you are feeling and needing. When we take care of ourselves, we are then better equipped to be there for others in our life.
(830) 268-4070 View (830) 268-4070
Photo of Kristen Drake, LPC Intern in Garden Ridge, TX
Kristen Drake
LPC Intern, MS, NCC, LPC-A
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New Braunfels, TX 78130
Do you feel alone, misunderstood, and unheard? It is my joy and honor to partner with you, whether it's to process difficult life transitions, grief and loss, trauma and/or abuse, or address anxiety and panic while promoting and advocating for your growth and empowerment. My goal is to create a conducive therapeutic environment that allows you the space to process what is needed and to help you feel equipped in your day-to-day life.
Do you feel alone, misunderstood, and unheard? It is my joy and honor to partner with you, whether it's to process difficult life transitions, grief and loss, trauma and/or abuse, or address anxiety and panic while promoting and advocating for your growth and empowerment. My goal is to create a conducive therapeutic environment that allows you the space to process what is needed and to help you feel equipped in your day-to-day life.
(817) 765-5348 View (817) 765-5348
Photo of Richard Laosa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Garden Ridge, TX
Richard Laosa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Schertz, TX 78154
If you are seeking peace and harmony in your life, practical and effective treatment is available for those seriously willing to commit to a better life. Please feel free to call me so that we may begin a confidential assessment and treatment of your situation. In today's complex world, professional intervention can be helpful to release us from difficult entanglements. I am a Texas State Board licensed clinician and a certified seasoned practioner in psychotherapy. If you are seeking to be free of distress please call for an initial clinical interview. Full confidentiality and convenient and flexible hours are available.
If you are seeking peace and harmony in your life, practical and effective treatment is available for those seriously willing to commit to a better life. Please feel free to call me so that we may begin a confidential assessment and treatment of your situation. In today's complex world, professional intervention can be helpful to release us from difficult entanglements. I am a Texas State Board licensed clinician and a certified seasoned practioner in psychotherapy. If you are seeking to be free of distress please call for an initial clinical interview. Full confidentiality and convenient and flexible hours are available.
(830) 469-4422 View (830) 469-4422

See more therapy options for Garden Ridge

Interpersonal Therapists

Is interpersonal therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found interpersonal therapy to be effective for life transitions including retirement, divorce, and job loss. Also, some studies have found it to be just as useful as medication and other therapy approaches. The benefits of interpersonal therapy can last long after treatment has been completed; the individual can use the tenets of this therapy throughout their life.

How long does interpersonal therapy take?

Interpersonal psychotherapy is normally time-limited and focuses on specific problems in the client’s everyday relationships. Treatment can be either one-on-one or take place in a group setting; it tends to last 12 to 16 weeks, depending on the individual client’s needs. If a new interpersonal problem arises in the future, the client may require additional therapy to address it specifically. The timeline and session schedule may vary depending on the client’s challenges as well as their progress. Treatment may conclude with wrap-up sessions to review the client’s accomplishments.

Is interpersonal therapy effective?

Research shows that interpersonal therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of conditions such as depression or anxiety. The approach may also offer a range of benefits that are hard to measure but valuable—including healthier relationships and improved feelings of self-worth. The therapist will give the client practical solutions that can be put into practice. The brief duration of this therapy also means that clients can see changes in their relationships fairly quickly.

What are the limitations of interpersonal therapy?

Interpersonal therapy may not effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as psychosis, chronic illness, or alcohol relapse. Because it is short-term in nature, it may not be the best approach for conditions that need to be tracked, though maintenance sessions are a viable approach under these circumstances.

Can interpersonal psychotherapy be done online?

Yes, interpersonal psychotherapy can be conducted effectively either in-person or online. A therapist with expertise in IPT will be able to adjust their techniques, such as role-playing, to better suit the online environment. Offering online IPT can make it more accessible for clients who have transportation difficulties; it also provides the ideal opportunity to explore challenges unique to digital relationships.