Therapists in Newtown, PA

Photo of Eleni Pappas, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Eleni Pappas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Determining that you need counseling, is not an easy decision. No matter what that final thing is that makes you come to counseling, you will find support. The goal is to help you identify the problem, come up with solutions, and move on with your life. Clients that are depressed, anxious, struggling with life skills, lack organization or focus, peer relationship struggles, and many more issues, will work to create a plan to make better life choices, be more mindful, and build happiness into their lives.
Determining that you need counseling, is not an easy decision. No matter what that final thing is that makes you come to counseling, you will find support. The goal is to help you identify the problem, come up with solutions, and move on with your life. Clients that are depressed, anxious, struggling with life skills, lack organization or focus, peer relationship struggles, and many more issues, will work to create a plan to make better life choices, be more mindful, and build happiness into their lives.
(267) 753-0879 View (267) 753-0879
Photo of Marina Lomanno, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, ICAADC, SAP
Marina Lomanno
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, ICAADC, SAP
5 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
You’ve been holding it together for a long time. On the outside, you seem fine. But inside, it’s a constant cycle of overthinking, disconnect, and second-guessing yourself. You can’t remember the last time you felt fully present or genuinely at peace. Whether it’s anxiety, relationship tension, or a heaviness you can’t explain, you’re tired of carrying it alone. You’re ready for something to shift. I’m here to help make that happen.
You’ve been holding it together for a long time. On the outside, you seem fine. But inside, it’s a constant cycle of overthinking, disconnect, and second-guessing yourself. You can’t remember the last time you felt fully present or genuinely at peace. Whether it’s anxiety, relationship tension, or a heaviness you can’t explain, you’re tired of carrying it alone. You’re ready for something to shift. I’m here to help make that happen.
(267) 535-2236 View (267) 535-2236
Photo of Rachael McLaughlin, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Rachael McLaughlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
6 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Taking the time and energy to reflect and change is difficult, and it is a privilege for me to part of that process with you! I believe that everyone deserves and is able to achieve peace within themselves, with their bodies, and with their relationship with food. This means no more dieting. No more hatred towards your body. And no more "good and bad" foods. Body acceptance and eating intuitively without shame is possible. While my approach is eclectic and based on your needs and goals, it is always relational, person-centered, and goal oriented in an effort for you to feel better...with some humor mixed in as well!
Taking the time and energy to reflect and change is difficult, and it is a privilege for me to part of that process with you! I believe that everyone deserves and is able to achieve peace within themselves, with their bodies, and with their relationship with food. This means no more dieting. No more hatred towards your body. And no more "good and bad" foods. Body acceptance and eating intuitively without shame is possible. While my approach is eclectic and based on your needs and goals, it is always relational, person-centered, and goal oriented in an effort for you to feel better...with some humor mixed in as well!
(215) 372-8668 View (215) 372-8668
Photo of Melanie A. Swain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd, CST, RYT-200
Melanie A. Swain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd, CST, RYT-200
Newtown, PA 18940
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Certified Sex Therapist (AASECT), licensed in PA and MA. I help individuals and couples explore not just sex, but the full spectrum of relationships, communication, anxiety, and connection—both with yourself and with others. Whether your goal is building self-confidence, enhancing your relationship, or improving sexual satisfaction, we work together to develop practical strategies and achieve meaningful results. Is everything else great in your relationship—but the sex? Let’s talk.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Certified Sex Therapist (AASECT), licensed in PA and MA. I help individuals and couples explore not just sex, but the full spectrum of relationships, communication, anxiety, and connection—both with yourself and with others. Whether your goal is building self-confidence, enhancing your relationship, or improving sexual satisfaction, we work together to develop practical strategies and achieve meaningful results. Is everything else great in your relationship—but the sex? Let’s talk.
(267) 399-3759 View (267) 399-3759
Photo of Katlyn Maurer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Katlyn Maurer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Welcome — I'm so glad you're here. Life can feel overwhelming sometimes. Whether you're navigating anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, or simply trying to make sense of your inner world, therapy offers a safe space to explore, heal, and grow. This is a place where you can show up as you are — no masks, no judgment. Together, we'll work at your pace, uncovering insights, building resilience, and reconnecting with what matters most to you. You're not alone in this. Let's take the next step together.
Welcome — I'm so glad you're here. Life can feel overwhelming sometimes. Whether you're navigating anxiety, grief, relationship challenges, or simply trying to make sense of your inner world, therapy offers a safe space to explore, heal, and grow. This is a place where you can show up as you are — no masks, no judgment. Together, we'll work at your pace, uncovering insights, building resilience, and reconnecting with what matters most to you. You're not alone in this. Let's take the next step together.
(717) 862-7344 View (717) 862-7344
Photo of Stacy Rosen, Psychologist, PsyD
Stacy Rosen
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Is anxiety interfering with your ability to be happy or live your life to the fullest? Are you looking to reduce stress, be less fearful, or learn ways to stop your mind from racing with intrusive thoughts? Maybe your mood has been depressed or “off” and, despite your best efforts, you can’t seem to get back on track. I treat these and other issues that may be impacting your mental and/or physical well-being. My personal objective is to help you develop the tools you need in order to cope with problem areas in your life.
Is anxiety interfering with your ability to be happy or live your life to the fullest? Are you looking to reduce stress, be less fearful, or learn ways to stop your mind from racing with intrusive thoughts? Maybe your mood has been depressed or “off” and, despite your best efforts, you can’t seem to get back on track. I treat these and other issues that may be impacting your mental and/or physical well-being. My personal objective is to help you develop the tools you need in order to cope with problem areas in your life.
(267) 662-1542 View (267) 662-1542
Photo of Alexandria Kazandjian, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Alexandria Kazandjian
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Newtown, PA 18940
Trying something new, whether it is a new clinician or therapy itself, can be overwhelming. Taking the step to seek counseling does not mean you have failed on your own, it demonstrates a compassion for yourself and your willingness to try something new. I am adaptable and eager to collaborate with clients to develop a therapeutic path that meets them where they are. I combine feminist, multicultural, CBT, DBT, IFS, person-centered, and play therapies in my practice to meet each client's individual needs and goals.
Trying something new, whether it is a new clinician or therapy itself, can be overwhelming. Taking the step to seek counseling does not mean you have failed on your own, it demonstrates a compassion for yourself and your willingness to try something new. I am adaptable and eager to collaborate with clients to develop a therapeutic path that meets them where they are. I combine feminist, multicultural, CBT, DBT, IFS, person-centered, and play therapies in my practice to meet each client's individual needs and goals.
(267) 369-2266 View (267) 369-2266
Photo of Mark Ludwig - Bucks Support Services, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bucks Support Services
Marriage & Family Therapist
7 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Bucks Support Services, located in Newtown & Buckingham, PA, is comprised of four speciality branches; Bucks Eating Support Collaborative, Bucks LGBTQ Center, Bucks Recovery Center. & Bucks Family Support Center. In addition to those speciality areas, we treat a wide array of psychological concerns, including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, family/support system and relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and disorders of childhood, among others. We are a gender affirming & HAES informed space.
Bucks Support Services, located in Newtown & Buckingham, PA, is comprised of four speciality branches; Bucks Eating Support Collaborative, Bucks LGBTQ Center, Bucks Recovery Center. & Bucks Family Support Center. In addition to those speciality areas, we treat a wide array of psychological concerns, including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, personality disorders, family/support system and relationship issues, adjustment disorders, and disorders of childhood, among others. We are a gender affirming & HAES informed space.
(267) 263-7017 View (267) 263-7017
Photo of Sara Segal, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Sara Segal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Newtown, PA 18940
Choosing a therapist to work with you or your family can be an overwhelming process. I strive to create a warm and supportive environment where my clients feel safe and able to share their thoughts and feelings. I believe that everyone is capable of evolving in a positive way to make improvements in their daily life and relationships. Working collaboratively with my clients I provide the skills and techniques for personal growth and healthy relationships. My services include: family counseling, relationship counseling, child/adolescent therapy, and parenting support.
Choosing a therapist to work with you or your family can be an overwhelming process. I strive to create a warm and supportive environment where my clients feel safe and able to share their thoughts and feelings. I believe that everyone is capable of evolving in a positive way to make improvements in their daily life and relationships. Working collaboratively with my clients I provide the skills and techniques for personal growth and healthy relationships. My services include: family counseling, relationship counseling, child/adolescent therapy, and parenting support.
(267) 756-2417 View (267) 756-2417
Photo of Christina Atkinson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Christina Atkinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Hi! I'm here and ready to help you! I know there are a lot of choices out there for therapists/counselors and whether this is your first time looking for one or you've been through this before, it can feel overwhelming and stressful. Just as much as you are looking for the "right therapist", I am seeking the ideal client to help support, address their issues, alleviate their symptoms, and help them achieve their goals. Everyone is at a different place in their mental health journey. I want to meet you where you are in that journey and work through your struggles at a pace that feels right for you!
Hi! I'm here and ready to help you! I know there are a lot of choices out there for therapists/counselors and whether this is your first time looking for one or you've been through this before, it can feel overwhelming and stressful. Just as much as you are looking for the "right therapist", I am seeking the ideal client to help support, address their issues, alleviate their symptoms, and help them achieve their goals. Everyone is at a different place in their mental health journey. I want to meet you where you are in that journey and work through your struggles at a pace that feels right for you!
(267) 310-3055 View (267) 310-3055
Photo of Randall Hicks, Psychologist, PsyD
Randall Hicks
Psychologist, PsyD
Newtown, PA 18940
Seeking help is never easy. It takes courage, vulnerability and perseverance, and usually occurs during a season of life when stress and crises are limiting our resources. I have great respect and admiration for you who are taking that courageous first step and want to help you take the next step in your journey of healing and growth. As a clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience, it has been my privilege to help many people transform troubling symptoms and distressed relationships into places of insight and competence engaging life and relationships in new ways. I hope I can offer that kind of help to you as well.
Seeking help is never easy. It takes courage, vulnerability and perseverance, and usually occurs during a season of life when stress and crises are limiting our resources. I have great respect and admiration for you who are taking that courageous first step and want to help you take the next step in your journey of healing and growth. As a clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience, it has been my privilege to help many people transform troubling symptoms and distressed relationships into places of insight and competence engaging life and relationships in new ways. I hope I can offer that kind of help to you as well.
(215) 995-3247 View (215) 995-3247
Photo of Juda M DeCara, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC, LCPC
Juda M DeCara
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello thank you for looking at my page. I am currently accepting new Telehealth clients and am here to help you on your journey. I began practicing mental health therapy in 2009. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. I have also been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of Florida since 2013 and a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Kansas. Given my licenses in many states, I mainly work virtually to provide services to those residing in those locations. I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults seeking individual counseling sessions.
Hello thank you for looking at my page. I am currently accepting new Telehealth clients and am here to help you on your journey. I began practicing mental health therapy in 2009. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. I have also been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the State of Florida since 2013 and a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in the State of Kansas. Given my licenses in many states, I mainly work virtually to provide services to those residing in those locations. I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults seeking individual counseling sessions.
(215) 488-7266 View (215) 488-7266
Photo of Carly Fuerst, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LBS
Carly Fuerst
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LBS
4 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Vivian Green (2006) said it best; “Life isn’t about waiting for the storm to pass; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.” Let’s be honest, this storm isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. “Weather” you’re experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, or hopelessness, I’m here to support you.
Vivian Green (2006) said it best; “Life isn’t about waiting for the storm to pass; it’s about learning to dance in the rain.” Let’s be honest, this storm isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. “Weather” you’re experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, or hopelessness, I’m here to support you.
(267) 214-2423 View (267) 214-2423
Photo of Shira Collings, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Shira Collings
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Newtown, PA 18940
Hi! My name is Shira Collings (she/they). I am a feminist, neurodiversity affirming, LGBTQ+ affirming, fat affirming, and disability justice aligned therapist. I am passionate about supporting people in living a life that is aligned with their true values, and healing from both external and internalized oppression that may be impacting their well-being. I strive to create a space in which clients can express their full, authentic selves and share their stories without shame or judgment. I regularly incorporate mindfulness, self-compassion, expressive arts, philosophy and pop culture, and self-advocacy skills into my approach.
Hi! My name is Shira Collings (she/they). I am a feminist, neurodiversity affirming, LGBTQ+ affirming, fat affirming, and disability justice aligned therapist. I am passionate about supporting people in living a life that is aligned with their true values, and healing from both external and internalized oppression that may be impacting their well-being. I strive to create a space in which clients can express their full, authentic selves and share their stories without shame or judgment. I regularly incorporate mindfulness, self-compassion, expressive arts, philosophy and pop culture, and self-advocacy skills into my approach.
(267) 435-3543 View (267) 435-3543
Photo of Karen Ann Daigneault, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Karen Ann Daigneault
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi, my name is Karen Daigneault, MA, LPC and I have been a therapist for 36 years. I am committed to helping you achieve your goals and focus on using EMDR and Parts work to help you meet your treatment goals. I look forward to meeting with you and getting started on your journey. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, depression, and many disorders. I have worked with Autism and social issues. I work with children, teens, adults, families, and couples in resolving their issues.
Hi, my name is Karen Daigneault, MA, LPC and I have been a therapist for 36 years. I am committed to helping you achieve your goals and focus on using EMDR and Parts work to help you meet your treatment goals. I look forward to meeting with you and getting started on your journey. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, depression, and many disorders. I have worked with Autism and social issues. I work with children, teens, adults, families, and couples in resolving their issues.
(267) 214-6976 View (267) 214-6976
Photo of Kathryn Merriwether Shipley, Psychologist, PhD
Kathryn Merriwether Shipley
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Everyone's journey in life is different, but invariably along the way we encounter some bumps in the road, or sometimes it seems they are more like mountains. Whatever has led you to seek help today, know that you are making a good decision by taking the first step toward finding a solution. My approach to therapy is individualized, with an emphasis on each person's unique needs and strengths. I believe the therapeutic relationship is one of the crucial elements to your success. It is through this collaboration that we can find solutions and restore balance to your life.
Everyone's journey in life is different, but invariably along the way we encounter some bumps in the road, or sometimes it seems they are more like mountains. Whatever has led you to seek help today, know that you are making a good decision by taking the first step toward finding a solution. My approach to therapy is individualized, with an emphasis on each person's unique needs and strengths. I believe the therapeutic relationship is one of the crucial elements to your success. It is through this collaboration that we can find solutions and restore balance to your life.
(267) 415-8937 View (267) 415-8937
Photo of Irene Marie Erckert, Psychologist, PhD, CEDS
Irene Marie Erckert
Psychologist, PhD, CEDS
1 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
Life presents us with challenges at every phase, and sometimes collaboration with a trained professional helps to weather the storms of life and promote growth and happiness. In my work with children, teens, and adults, I strive to create a safe accepting environment, so my clients can openly express their throughts and feelings and explore their concerns. My treatment is comprehensive in nature and carefully designed to promote self-awareness and address the unique needs of each individual.
Life presents us with challenges at every phase, and sometimes collaboration with a trained professional helps to weather the storms of life and promote growth and happiness. In my work with children, teens, and adults, I strive to create a safe accepting environment, so my clients can openly express their throughts and feelings and explore their concerns. My treatment is comprehensive in nature and carefully designed to promote self-awareness and address the unique needs of each individual.
(215) 874-6726 View (215) 874-6726
Photo of Shannon L. Hays, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MPH, CEDS, CAADC, CCTP
Shannon L. Hays
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MPH, CEDS, CAADC, CCTP
3 Endorsed
Newtown, PA 18940
I am a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a deep specialization in trauma and grief. I am driven by a profound commitment to help individuals navigate the complexities of their emotional world, allowing them to find their path to healing. Whether you are dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event or living with the challenges of complex trauma, the pain of grief, or the daily challenges of anxiety and ADHD, I am here to help. I also have extensive experience supporting individuals struggling with addictions and eating disorders.
I am a dedicated and compassionate therapist with a deep specialization in trauma and grief. I am driven by a profound commitment to help individuals navigate the complexities of their emotional world, allowing them to find their path to healing. Whether you are dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event or living with the challenges of complex trauma, the pain of grief, or the daily challenges of anxiety and ADHD, I am here to help. I also have extensive experience supporting individuals struggling with addictions and eating disorders.
(267) 728-7341 View (267) 728-7341
Photo of Hilde McKernan, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Hilde McKernan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Newtown, PA 18940
I welcome the opportunity to work with my clients on whatever they may bring to therapy. My specialization includes working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing or have experienced anxiety, depression, ADHD, attachment issues, and emotionally immature family dynamics. I also enjoy working with couples and families. Working with couples allows me to witness profound transformations. These occur when two people deeply commit to understanding and supporting each other. Helping couples navigate their challenges and improve communication is incredibly rewarding.
I welcome the opportunity to work with my clients on whatever they may bring to therapy. My specialization includes working with children, adolescents, and adults who are experiencing or have experienced anxiety, depression, ADHD, attachment issues, and emotionally immature family dynamics. I also enjoy working with couples and families. Working with couples allows me to witness profound transformations. These occur when two people deeply commit to understanding and supporting each other. Helping couples navigate their challenges and improve communication is incredibly rewarding.
(267) 450-4800 View (267) 450-4800
Photo of Lauren Marchinares, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, IFC
Lauren Marchinares
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, IFC
Newtown, PA 18940
Supervision availability: grads seeking licensure for LPC! & NOW Accepting: Couples! Do you want to make a change? Do you want to have a different life/relationship than the one you have now? It starts with you and I can help you get there. My strengths are working with clients to get through relationship issues. Including but not limited to: break-ups, divorce, separation, complex situations and co-parenting. Healing & growth are at the forefront of our time together as we focus on the whole person. I believe we are all trying to fill 3 buckets in life: health, wealth & relationships. Let's fill them all up!
Supervision availability: grads seeking licensure for LPC! & NOW Accepting: Couples! Do you want to make a change? Do you want to have a different life/relationship than the one you have now? It starts with you and I can help you get there. My strengths are working with clients to get through relationship issues. Including but not limited to: break-ups, divorce, separation, complex situations and co-parenting. Healing & growth are at the forefront of our time together as we focus on the whole person. I believe we are all trying to fill 3 buckets in life: health, wealth & relationships. Let's fill them all up!
(267) 715-9320 View (267) 715-9320

See more therapy options for Newtown

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Newtown, PA

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Newtown, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
66% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Newtown, PA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Newtown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.