Therapists in Waterville, ME

Photo of Venessa Folsom, MEd, LCPC, Counselor
Venessa Folsom
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Hello and welcome! I am excited that you are reading this profile and I appreciate your time. I hope that I can be a part of your journey. I am passionate about providing an empathetic and nonjudgmental environment for individuals to feel free and safe to work through challenges and to be able to be themselves.
Hello and welcome! I am excited that you are reading this profile and I appreciate your time. I hope that I can be a part of your journey. I am passionate about providing an empathetic and nonjudgmental environment for individuals to feel free and safe to work through challenges and to be able to be themselves.
(207) 250-4430 View (207) 250-4430
Photo of Monica L Kelly, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monica L Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Please contact me by email. If you call me, you MUST leave me a message with a phone number. I have 30 + years of experience working with people of all ages dealing with every possible issue, including trauma such as childhood abuse, sexual assault, and accidents. Though not a veteran myself, I was an Air Force "brat" and know how hard it is to be uprooted every 2 years. I have traveled widely and appreciate cultural diversity. I like to help people make the right decisions for themselves regarding issues like staying in or leaving a marriage or college, coming out, career change, transitioning, etc.
Please contact me by email. If you call me, you MUST leave me a message with a phone number. I have 30 + years of experience working with people of all ages dealing with every possible issue, including trauma such as childhood abuse, sexual assault, and accidents. Though not a veteran myself, I was an Air Force "brat" and know how hard it is to be uprooted every 2 years. I have traveled widely and appreciate cultural diversity. I like to help people make the right decisions for themselves regarding issues like staying in or leaving a marriage or college, coming out, career change, transitioning, etc.
(207) 389-3277 View (207) 389-3277
Photo of Rebecca Lovitz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Lovitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
I view psychotherapy as a collaborative process between the client and therapist. There are many reasons that people choose to come to therapy. Clients have come to see me due to PTSD/trauma-related disorders, depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief, relational problems, sexual orientation or gender identity issues and other life transitions/changes. I adapt my treatment to meet the unique needs of each client.
I view psychotherapy as a collaborative process between the client and therapist. There are many reasons that people choose to come to therapy. Clients have come to see me due to PTSD/trauma-related disorders, depression, anxiety, adjustment, grief, relational problems, sexual orientation or gender identity issues and other life transitions/changes. I adapt my treatment to meet the unique needs of each client.
(855) 604-5991 View (855) 604-5991
Photo of Tamara Mello, MEd, LCPC, CCTP, CCATP, CTMH, Counselor
Tamara Mello
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, CCTP, CCATP, CTMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterville, ME 04903  (Online Only)
The style I use is eclectic and offers compassionate understanding in a relaxed environment that supports growth and personal exploration for adult individuals over age 18. I offer traditional talk therapies designed for clients to develop solution-focused ideas to their own concerns as the goal is for each client to become their own best expert. With talk therapy combined with evidence based modalities, I am able to help people discover their personal truth.
The style I use is eclectic and offers compassionate understanding in a relaxed environment that supports growth and personal exploration for adult individuals over age 18. I offer traditional talk therapies designed for clients to develop solution-focused ideas to their own concerns as the goal is for each client to become their own best expert. With talk therapy combined with evidence based modalities, I am able to help people discover their personal truth.
(207) 209-1661 View (207) 209-1661
Photo of Daniel Pierce - Counseling For Trauma And Anxiety, MEd, Registered Psychotherapist
Daniel Pierce - Counseling For Trauma And Anxiety
Registered Psychotherapist, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterville, ME 04901
With a history in school counseling, I have transitioned to allow for individual and group counseling through both a virtual platform and in nature-based settings. My years as a percussionist have taught me that everyone has rhythm build into their bodies. Once people find their rhythm, positive life changes and natural healing can take place. I work from a trauma-focused lens using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) and Therapeutic Fly-Fishing with EMDR (TF-EMDR) for treating trauma.
With a history in school counseling, I have transitioned to allow for individual and group counseling through both a virtual platform and in nature-based settings. My years as a percussionist have taught me that everyone has rhythm build into their bodies. Once people find their rhythm, positive life changes and natural healing can take place. I work from a trauma-focused lens using Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) and Therapeutic Fly-Fishing with EMDR (TF-EMDR) for treating trauma.
(207) 819-8724 View (207) 819-8724
Photo of June Thornton-Marsh, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
June Thornton-Marsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
Congratulation on taking a most challenging first step- reaching out and being willing to create change. I believe the primary goal of therapy is increased self-awareness. You may have parts of yourself that you are unconscious of, that you don't understand or that you belief that you can't change. Those perceptions can lead you to living a life that may not be in your best interest- causing painful experiences and ultimately preventing you from sharing your authentic self and who you are meant to be in the world.
Congratulation on taking a most challenging first step- reaching out and being willing to create change. I believe the primary goal of therapy is increased self-awareness. You may have parts of yourself that you are unconscious of, that you don't understand or that you belief that you can't change. Those perceptions can lead you to living a life that may not be in your best interest- causing painful experiences and ultimately preventing you from sharing your authentic self and who you are meant to be in the world.
(207) 517-0143 View (207) 517-0143
Photo of Kerish Benttinen - Kerish Benttinen LCSW, LLC Counseling Services, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kerish Benttinen LCSW, LLC Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, having relationship or work difficulties? I am skilled at helping people on their journey of self-awareness, mood disorders, anxiety or any other life stressors that may be occurring. People are unique and therapy is not a one size fits all model. I use an eclectic variety of treatments to meet each person's needs and style of learning. We will work together to develop a plan that works for you. This is YOUR journey, I am here to help guide you along in whatever direction that may be for you.
Are you feeling anxious, stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, having relationship or work difficulties? I am skilled at helping people on their journey of self-awareness, mood disorders, anxiety or any other life stressors that may be occurring. People are unique and therapy is not a one size fits all model. I use an eclectic variety of treatments to meet each person's needs and style of learning. We will work together to develop a plan that works for you. This is YOUR journey, I am here to help guide you along in whatever direction that may be for you.
(207) 747-3686 View (207) 747-3686
Photo of Janet Anderson-Murch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Janet Anderson-Murch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
Current Openings for Telehealth. Engage in counseling in the privacy of your home or office. It has been a challenging few years. Asking for help is the first step toward healing. I provide individuals with a personalized, strength-based, and supportive environment to manage life changes, conflicts, and past issues. I believe every person holds the key to their success and happiness. Sometimes everyday stressors overwhelm us. In sessions, I hope to assist you in finding peace, joy, and fulfillment again.
Current Openings for Telehealth. Engage in counseling in the privacy of your home or office. It has been a challenging few years. Asking for help is the first step toward healing. I provide individuals with a personalized, strength-based, and supportive environment to manage life changes, conflicts, and past issues. I believe every person holds the key to their success and happiness. Sometimes everyday stressors overwhelm us. In sessions, I hope to assist you in finding peace, joy, and fulfillment again.
(207) 417-4705 View (207) 417-4705
Photo of Tina Loring-Graham - Blue Sky Counseling, LADC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Blue Sky Counseling
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADC
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Blue Sky Counseling is a comprehensive and compassionate addiction treatment center in Maine. Due to COVID-19 and more services being offered via the internet all you need to become a new client is a phone number, email address and access to the internet. This allows us to be able to see clients through out the state of Maine and reduces the barrier for clients to receive treatment. Our goal is to empower you to overcome your addiction and re-engage in a meaningful life. Our team of professional care takers are here to guide you through the process and make sure you receive all the support you need. Call Us at 207-616-0705 option 2
Blue Sky Counseling is a comprehensive and compassionate addiction treatment center in Maine. Due to COVID-19 and more services being offered via the internet all you need to become a new client is a phone number, email address and access to the internet. This allows us to be able to see clients through out the state of Maine and reduces the barrier for clients to receive treatment. Our goal is to empower you to overcome your addiction and re-engage in a meaningful life. Our team of professional care takers are here to guide you through the process and make sure you receive all the support you need. Call Us at 207-616-0705 option 2
(207) 209-1626 View (207) 209-1626
Photo of Cheryl Anne French, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cheryl Anne French
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety, guilt, shame, avoidance or fears? If you find it difficult to navigate your path regularly as a result, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address the root causes of your difficulties and build meaningful social connections.
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety, guilt, shame, avoidance or fears? If you find it difficult to navigate your path regularly as a result, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address the root causes of your difficulties and build meaningful social connections.
(207) 218-0110 View (207) 218-0110
Photo of Alfonso Ortega, PsyD, Psychologist
Alfonso Ortega
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist from Puerto Rico with special interest in mind/body medicine and wellness. I am bilingual in Spanish and English. I have provided psychotherapy for more than 20 years in multiple clinical settings and have worked with a diverse group of clients in individual, couples, and group counseling. I integrate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in my clinical practices.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist from Puerto Rico with special interest in mind/body medicine and wellness. I am bilingual in Spanish and English. I have provided psychotherapy for more than 20 years in multiple clinical settings and have worked with a diverse group of clients in individual, couples, and group counseling. I integrate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness, and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) in my clinical practices.
(207) 306-2154 View (207) 306-2154
Photo of Frankie A Holt, LCPC, Counselor
Frankie A Holt
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a fully Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Indiana State University and a Master of Arts in Sociology from Western Illinois University. I work with individuals, families, & couples, specializing in work with gender and affection/sexual identity including those in the LGBTQIA+ community and their allies. I have extensive knowledge about parenting child-rearing dilemmas & those affecting the aged. I am a caring and committed to using her unique perspective to provide an emotionally safe, warm, supportive, affirming, non-judgmental space for clients in their journey.
I am a fully Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master of Science in Counseling Psychology from Indiana State University and a Master of Arts in Sociology from Western Illinois University. I work with individuals, families, & couples, specializing in work with gender and affection/sexual identity including those in the LGBTQIA+ community and their allies. I have extensive knowledge about parenting child-rearing dilemmas & those affecting the aged. I am a caring and committed to using her unique perspective to provide an emotionally safe, warm, supportive, affirming, non-judgmental space for clients in their journey.
(207) 481-1179 View (207) 481-1179
Photo of Melanie S. Roger, LCSW, MHRT, CSP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie S. Roger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MHRT, CSP
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I am very excited to work with you. I have over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents, children and families in a multitude of settings. I absolutely love working with people of all ages and helping facilitate positive changes. My style is unique and combines components of several different modalities in order to have a holistic and individualized approach to everyone that I have the pleasure of working with.
Hello! I am very excited to work with you. I have over 20 years of experience working with individuals, couples, adolescents, children and families in a multitude of settings. I absolutely love working with people of all ages and helping facilitate positive changes. My style is unique and combines components of several different modalities in order to have a holistic and individualized approach to everyone that I have the pleasure of working with.
(207) 250-5666 View (207) 250-5666
Photo of Beth Russell, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Beth Russell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Not accepting new clients
You deserve to feel better! Therapy does not always mean you are in crisis; we all need support from time to time in navigating life’s more challenging paths. I believe that therapy provides a judgment-free space for a person to build a safe relationship in which you can be real, be honest, and work together with your therapist to heal, grow, learn a bit more about yourself, and hopefully laugh along the way!
You deserve to feel better! Therapy does not always mean you are in crisis; we all need support from time to time in navigating life’s more challenging paths. I believe that therapy provides a judgment-free space for a person to build a safe relationship in which you can be real, be honest, and work together with your therapist to heal, grow, learn a bit more about yourself, and hopefully laugh along the way!
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Photo of Jennie Louise Barnes - Jennie L. Barnes, LCSW/Renew Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennie L. Barnes, LCSW/Renew Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
You’re a capable, resourceful adult to others, but when your life stops making sense, who do you turn to? Hi, I’m Jennie and I’ve helped adults cope with anxiety, depression, ADHD, grief, work and caregiver stress. Creative and high-capacity people often find their way to me (neurodiversity welcomed). I support individuals from varied backgrounds: grad students; parents of young children; business leaders, first responders, teachers and nurses; military family members; government employees and creatives. I understand both metropolitan “hustle culture” and community-based small town dynamics, each with its own strengths and demands.
You’re a capable, resourceful adult to others, but when your life stops making sense, who do you turn to? Hi, I’m Jennie and I’ve helped adults cope with anxiety, depression, ADHD, grief, work and caregiver stress. Creative and high-capacity people often find their way to me (neurodiversity welcomed). I support individuals from varied backgrounds: grad students; parents of young children; business leaders, first responders, teachers and nurses; military family members; government employees and creatives. I understand both metropolitan “hustle culture” and community-based small town dynamics, each with its own strengths and demands.
(207) 250-4269 View (207) 250-4269
Photo of Nils Bell - Bell Therapy Service, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bell Therapy Service
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
When we are involved in hardship, loss or trauma it is common to experience struggle and to feel imbalanced by it. I feel passionate to help people recover from these life stressors and then support them in reaching their goals. I work with my clients to help them overcome and cope with their challenges, find value in themselves, discover purpose in their lives and support them in forming healthy relationships. My goal is to work together with each person to help them feel secure, safe, and supported within their lives.
When we are involved in hardship, loss or trauma it is common to experience struggle and to feel imbalanced by it. I feel passionate to help people recover from these life stressors and then support them in reaching their goals. I work with my clients to help them overcome and cope with their challenges, find value in themselves, discover purpose in their lives and support them in forming healthy relationships. My goal is to work together with each person to help them feel secure, safe, and supported within their lives.
(207) 994-8619 View (207) 994-8619
Photo of Greg Bazakas, LCSW, LADC, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Greg Bazakas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
While we all experience challenges during our everyday lives, we sometimes can feel overwhelmed and unable to function at our best. Whether seeking help for major life challenges, mental health problems, relationship/family conflicts or day-to-day stressors, you will receive a client-centered approach, holistic treatment and a supportive, non-judgmental environment. I help clients explore themselves and their experiences and make changes that reduce suffering and improve overall health. I have experience treating a wide variety of challenges using psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches. I am happy to provide you with
While we all experience challenges during our everyday lives, we sometimes can feel overwhelmed and unable to function at our best. Whether seeking help for major life challenges, mental health problems, relationship/family conflicts or day-to-day stressors, you will receive a client-centered approach, holistic treatment and a supportive, non-judgmental environment. I help clients explore themselves and their experiences and make changes that reduce suffering and improve overall health. I have experience treating a wide variety of challenges using psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches. I am happy to provide you with
(866) 936-6549 View (866) 936-6549
Photo of Dianne M Howard (Morand) - Waters Edge Therapy, Inc., LCSW, CADC, CCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Waters Edge Therapy, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC, CCS
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Waitlist for new clients
It is my belief that each of us can heal from emotional, physical and sexual trauma. In the presence of compassion, kindness and non-judgment, I listen to, and witness the suffering and profound pain shared during therapy. In therapy, the healing power of compassion; sense of being understood by and cared for by another human being is offered. Each of us has the same needs when we are suffering; to feel validated, safe and understood for the duration of our journey. In our work together, I will offer support, encouragement, and honesty, tempered with compassion.
It is my belief that each of us can heal from emotional, physical and sexual trauma. In the presence of compassion, kindness and non-judgment, I listen to, and witness the suffering and profound pain shared during therapy. In therapy, the healing power of compassion; sense of being understood by and cared for by another human being is offered. Each of us has the same needs when we are suffering; to feel validated, safe and understood for the duration of our journey. In our work together, I will offer support, encouragement, and honesty, tempered with compassion.
(207) 405-0610 View (207) 405-0610
Photo of Alyssa Radmore-Spear, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alyssa Radmore-Spear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901
Waitlist for new clients
With our world feeling increasingly complex, you deserve space and time for you and your dreams. From a place of true non-judgement, I will support you in identifying ways to notice, process and cope with whatever challenges you may be facing. I believe that true progress and change is made only when you feel heard, validated and safe which is why creating and nurturing the therapeutic relationship remains at the very core of my work.
With our world feeling increasingly complex, you deserve space and time for you and your dreams. From a place of true non-judgement, I will support you in identifying ways to notice, process and cope with whatever challenges you may be facing. I believe that true progress and change is made only when you feel heard, validated and safe which is why creating and nurturing the therapeutic relationship remains at the very core of my work.
(207) 345-6275 View (207) 345-6275
Photo of Ann M Morgan, LCPC, CCS, Counselor
Ann M Morgan
Counselor, LCPC, CCS
Verified Verified
Waterville, ME 04901  (Online Only)
You matter! You deserve harmony,well-being and balance in your life. You may be struggling with life changes or pasts, as an empathetic person, I want to journey with you as you empower yourself to wellness,heal hurts,and move forward in your life's healing. It would be an honor and privilege to be a part of your healthy healing journey.As a caring, compassionate client-centered professional who looks at the whole person, I will provide you a safe, supportive and trusting helping relationship to allow you to grow.
You matter! You deserve harmony,well-being and balance in your life. You may be struggling with life changes or pasts, as an empathetic person, I want to journey with you as you empower yourself to wellness,heal hurts,and move forward in your life's healing. It would be an honor and privilege to be a part of your healthy healing journey.As a caring, compassionate client-centered professional who looks at the whole person, I will provide you a safe, supportive and trusting helping relationship to allow you to grow.
(207) 481-4262 View (207) 481-4262
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Waterville, ME

80+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Waterville, ME who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
74% Coping Skills
70% Stress
68% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
84% Anthem
75% Aetna

How Therapists in Waterville, ME see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Waterville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.