Humanistic Therapists in 90405

Photo of Marilyn McCabe Seeman, PhD, Psychologist
Marilyn McCabe Seeman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I am a licensed psychologist and health service provider in private practice and work with individuals, couples, groups, and families. I specialize in grief, traumatic experience, anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems, and also enjoy working with issues of creativity and optimal self development over the lifespan. I practice from an integrative perspective that includes psychoanalytic, humanistic, and experiential approaches. My book, The Paradox of Loss: Toward a Relational Theory of Grief, describes my nonlinear, non-pathologizing, and relational understanding of grief. I am offering four groups this coming year: Recent Bereavement; Longer-Term Grief; Creative Writing and Loss; and Enhancing Communication and Connection for Improved Functioning.
I am a licensed psychologist and health service provider in private practice and work with individuals, couples, groups, and families. I specialize in grief, traumatic experience, anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems, and also enjoy working with issues of creativity and optimal self development over the lifespan. I practice from an integrative perspective that includes psychoanalytic, humanistic, and experiential approaches. My book, The Paradox of Loss: Toward a Relational Theory of Grief, describes my nonlinear, non-pathologizing, and relational understanding of grief. I am offering four groups this coming year: Recent Bereavement; Longer-Term Grief; Creative Writing and Loss; and Enhancing Communication and Connection for Improved Functioning.
(424) 320-5916 View (424) 320-5916
Photo of Bridget Ann (Benninger) Kushwah, MA, LMFT, CMIP, CIMHP, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bridget Ann (Benninger) Kushwah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CMIP, CIMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
I operate with a humanistic lens, focused on you and your ability to reach your full potential.
Finding fulfillment and meaning in life isn’t easy. Just when we think we have it together, new circumstances pull us apart. When we experience stress, anxiety and depression, it is important to find support. Trauma, relationship conflicts, transitioning to a new phase of life such as parenthood, feeling lost or confused. All these situations deserve attention and compassion. I am here to support you in finding stability, balance, and fulfillment. I work well with individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children because I am passionate about building healthier relationships and facilitating positive development and growth.
I operate with a humanistic lens, focused on you and your ability to reach your full potential.
Finding fulfillment and meaning in life isn’t easy. Just when we think we have it together, new circumstances pull us apart. When we experience stress, anxiety and depression, it is important to find support. Trauma, relationship conflicts, transitioning to a new phase of life such as parenthood, feeling lost or confused. All these situations deserve attention and compassion. I am here to support you in finding stability, balance, and fulfillment. I work well with individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children because I am passionate about building healthier relationships and facilitating positive development and growth.
(747) 247-9577 View (747) 247-9577
Photo of Richard J Lautenbacher, PsyD, Psychologist
Richard J Lautenbacher
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
Therapeutic orientation in the integration of psychoanalytic, cognitive, and humanistic approaches exploring collaboratively with clients various issues, including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, etc. The approach is to build rapport and explore past experiences, current cognitions, and patterns of behavior with a focus on the client's unique needs. The therapeutic goal is to help gain insights and catharsis (“ah-ha” moments) with the client toward their psychological improvement and well-being.
Therapeutic orientation in the integration of psychoanalytic, cognitive, and humanistic approaches exploring collaboratively with clients various issues, including anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma, etc. The approach is to build rapport and explore past experiences, current cognitions, and patterns of behavior with a focus on the client's unique needs. The therapeutic goal is to help gain insights and catharsis (“ah-ha” moments) with the client toward their psychological improvement and well-being.
(310) 494-2945 View (310) 494-2945
Photo of Elinor Jewett, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Elinor Jewett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I am influenced by current brain research, Attachment Theory, Family Systems, Client Centered and Humanistic Psychology.
I work with individuals, couples and families to relieve depression, anxiety, conflict and address overwhelming life issues. I understand feeling lost and alone. We can guide you on a discovery of meaning and purpose. Happiness is deserved and within our power. I can help you form and grow relationships where you feel loved, comforted and seen. We can address family conflict, emotional distance and build a life-long partnership with children, parents and partners. I can support you with life transitions like employment changes and personal loss to reclaim your dreams. Every day matters. Change is constant and ours to direct.
I am influenced by current brain research, Attachment Theory, Family Systems, Client Centered and Humanistic Psychology.
I work with individuals, couples and families to relieve depression, anxiety, conflict and address overwhelming life issues. I understand feeling lost and alone. We can guide you on a discovery of meaning and purpose. Happiness is deserved and within our power. I can help you form and grow relationships where you feel loved, comforted and seen. We can address family conflict, emotional distance and build a life-long partnership with children, parents and partners. I can support you with life transitions like employment changes and personal loss to reclaim your dreams. Every day matters. Change is constant and ours to direct.
(310) 751-7547 View (310) 751-7547
Photo of Sheri Ann Rose-McCashin - Sheri Rose-McCashin, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheri Rose-McCashin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My therapy practice is a humanistic and wholistic approach. I offer a relational space for individuals and couples to risk being vulnerable with me, t themself, and with each other. Together we learn how past and present experiences influences thoughts, feelings and actions. We actively and sensitively identify and process patterns which are embedded in childhood or other relational experiences in order for something different to happen. Therapy is a great way to receive feedback, gain awareness and practice different ways of being. In session work is growth you take with you as you live everyday which feels good and is authentic.
My therapy practice is a humanistic and wholistic approach. I offer a relational space for individuals and couples to risk being vulnerable with me, t themself, and with each other. Together we learn how past and present experiences influences thoughts, feelings and actions. We actively and sensitively identify and process patterns which are embedded in childhood or other relational experiences in order for something different to happen. Therapy is a great way to receive feedback, gain awareness and practice different ways of being. In session work is growth you take with you as you live everyday which feels good and is authentic.
(310) 692-7379 View (310) 692-7379
Photo of Patricia Martucci, MA, MFT, RYT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patricia Martucci
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, RYT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I work with individuals, families, couples from a client-centered humanistic approach, specifically meeting you where you are and helping you to meet your goals. I believe that healing can begin to take place in an authentic human relationship and support my clients in discovering any barriers that may be blocking them in enjoying their best life. I am trained in EMDR, Somatic Experiencing and CPT, and help my clients who have unprocessed trauma that impacts them to heal. I am also a registered yoga teacher, reiki practitioner, & trained in MBSR. I am licensed in NY, NJ and California and see clients virtually in all locations.
I work with individuals, families, couples from a client-centered humanistic approach, specifically meeting you where you are and helping you to meet your goals. I believe that healing can begin to take place in an authentic human relationship and support my clients in discovering any barriers that may be blocking them in enjoying their best life. I am trained in EMDR, Somatic Experiencing and CPT, and help my clients who have unprocessed trauma that impacts them to heal. I am also a registered yoga teacher, reiki practitioner, & trained in MBSR. I am licensed in NY, NJ and California and see clients virtually in all locations.
(646) 374-2517 View (646) 374-2517
Photo of Carol J Povenmire, PhD, Psychologist
Carol J Povenmire
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
I apply concepts from psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic and family systems theory in tailoring therapy to your unique history and goals.
You might be exploring therapy for many reasons. You sense that your life could feel better or bring more fulfillment. You might want to process a disruptive change or recent loss. You may hope to deepen your relationships with others or develop more understanding and acceptance of yourself. You might want to reduce anxiety or depression. You may seek to shed the shadow of past trauma. You might want to build skills and resilience for an upcoming life transition. Whatever your reasons, you are giving yourself the opportunity to grow and become your best self. Therapy is an investment in both your present and future well-being.
I apply concepts from psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic and family systems theory in tailoring therapy to your unique history and goals.
You might be exploring therapy for many reasons. You sense that your life could feel better or bring more fulfillment. You might want to process a disruptive change or recent loss. You may hope to deepen your relationships with others or develop more understanding and acceptance of yourself. You might want to reduce anxiety or depression. You may seek to shed the shadow of past trauma. You might want to build skills and resilience for an upcoming life transition. Whatever your reasons, you are giving yourself the opportunity to grow and become your best self. Therapy is an investment in both your present and future well-being.
(626) 469-5579 View (626) 469-5579
Photo of Margy McCallum, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Margy McCallum
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
Available for EMDR! As a humanistic clinician, I let my clients be the expert in their own experience, and I meet every client with lack of judgment and unconditional positive regard.
I see each client as a whole person rather than a diagnosis. That’s why I adapt my approach to therapy to your unique history, needs, and goals. I lead from a neurodivergent affirming, client-focused, heartfelt approach rooted in self-compassion, mindfulness, and a deep awareness of the mind-body connection. Whether we are exploring relationship issues, neurodivergence, body image, anxiety, perfectionism, or burnout, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space to process what is on your mind. I help you break through old patterns, connect to your most authentic self, and build a life that feels balanced, integrated, and whole.
Available for EMDR! As a humanistic clinician, I let my clients be the expert in their own experience, and I meet every client with lack of judgment and unconditional positive regard.
I see each client as a whole person rather than a diagnosis. That’s why I adapt my approach to therapy to your unique history, needs, and goals. I lead from a neurodivergent affirming, client-focused, heartfelt approach rooted in self-compassion, mindfulness, and a deep awareness of the mind-body connection. Whether we are exploring relationship issues, neurodivergence, body image, anxiety, perfectionism, or burnout, I provide a safe and non-judgmental space to process what is on your mind. I help you break through old patterns, connect to your most authentic self, and build a life that feels balanced, integrated, and whole.
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Photo of Vahe Vartan, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vahe Vartan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I'm interested in helping people experience their emotions with more depth, sensitivity, and steadiness. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, and the effects of trauma. I am particularly drawn towards a number of specific concerns which include: loneliness; social anxiety; longing for intimacy; relationship issues; frustration with creative or emotional expression; life ambitions; disconnection from desire; and dissatisfaction in one's job or career. I believe that these themes often underlie the more broad concerns of depression and anxiety.
I'm interested in helping people experience their emotions with more depth, sensitivity, and steadiness. I work with people experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, and the effects of trauma. I am particularly drawn towards a number of specific concerns which include: loneliness; social anxiety; longing for intimacy; relationship issues; frustration with creative or emotional expression; life ambitions; disconnection from desire; and dissatisfaction in one's job or career. I believe that these themes often underlie the more broad concerns of depression and anxiety.
(424) 365-8357 View (424) 365-8357
Photo of Ryan Scott Brewer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ryan Scott Brewer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
(323) 616-2236 View (323) 616-2236
Photo of DeAnna Tavakoly - DeAnna Tavakoly: Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Trauma, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
DeAnna Tavakoly: Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Trauma
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
I work primarily with adults struggling with self-esteem and unresolved trauma. Common issues may present as people-pleasing, codependency, over-working, poor boundaries, social anxiety, isolation, dissociation & negative self-talk. My approach assists clients in gaining education, learning new skills & gaining deeper self-understanding. Whether your goal is to improve confidence, reduce anxiety & depression symptoms, or live a more fulfilling life, together as a team we can work towards not only reducing symptoms, but addressing the root cause of core issues so that you can live with more peace and contentment within yourself.
I work primarily with adults struggling with self-esteem and unresolved trauma. Common issues may present as people-pleasing, codependency, over-working, poor boundaries, social anxiety, isolation, dissociation & negative self-talk. My approach assists clients in gaining education, learning new skills & gaining deeper self-understanding. Whether your goal is to improve confidence, reduce anxiety & depression symptoms, or live a more fulfilling life, together as a team we can work towards not only reducing symptoms, but addressing the root cause of core issues so that you can live with more peace and contentment within yourself.
(818) 646-5153 View (818) 646-5153
Photo of Lindsay Schlatter, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Lindsay Schlatter
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My approach to therapy is rooted in a belief that change is possible. Whether you are feeling stuck, have feelings of depression or anxiety, or navigating a transition, I believe you have everything you need within you to heal and grow. Through a collaborative, empathetic approach, we will build a supportive, therapeutic relationship that empowers you to meet life’s challenges and live life authentically. By utilizing mindfulness and somatic work to facilitate mind-body connection, I can help you cultivate awareness around patterns that no longer serve you, and empower you to make changes accordingly.
My approach to therapy is rooted in a belief that change is possible. Whether you are feeling stuck, have feelings of depression or anxiety, or navigating a transition, I believe you have everything you need within you to heal and grow. Through a collaborative, empathetic approach, we will build a supportive, therapeutic relationship that empowers you to meet life’s challenges and live life authentically. By utilizing mindfulness and somatic work to facilitate mind-body connection, I can help you cultivate awareness around patterns that no longer serve you, and empower you to make changes accordingly.
(818) 839-4402 View (818) 839-4402
Photo of Cibele Sousa - Anxiety - Trauma - Somatic, MA, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cibele Sousa - Anxiety - Trauma - Somatic
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
24 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My passion is in body psychotherapy. Clients enjoy our work connecting their body/inner strengths and their mind/rational strengths to achieve growth. My clients value the kindness, compassion, and safety I create, so they feel comfortable and heard. I have success working with clients that experience trauma and PTSD, grief, stress, anxiety, depression, conflict with others, life transitions, and parenting issues. Caregivers and family members of cancer patients find working with me helpful, healing, and nurturing. Clients that are not comfortable just talking really appreciate the tools I give them.
My passion is in body psychotherapy. Clients enjoy our work connecting their body/inner strengths and their mind/rational strengths to achieve growth. My clients value the kindness, compassion, and safety I create, so they feel comfortable and heard. I have success working with clients that experience trauma and PTSD, grief, stress, anxiety, depression, conflict with others, life transitions, and parenting issues. Caregivers and family members of cancer patients find working with me helpful, healing, and nurturing. Clients that are not comfortable just talking really appreciate the tools I give them.
(818) 699-9877 View (818) 699-9877
Photo of Stacey Sampo, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stacey Sampo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Hi, I’m Stacey. Whether your child has struggled for a while or has just recently started to exhibit certain behaviors, I know it's never easy to ask for help - which is why I'm so glad you're here. I believe children are always moving towards wholeness but sometimes need help from compassionate and knowledgeable adults. My work with your child will integrate the science of interpersonal neurobiology, child development, trauma-informed care, expressive arts, and play to strengthen the understanding, love, and security between you and your child.
Hi, I’m Stacey. Whether your child has struggled for a while or has just recently started to exhibit certain behaviors, I know it's never easy to ask for help - which is why I'm so glad you're here. I believe children are always moving towards wholeness but sometimes need help from compassionate and knowledgeable adults. My work with your child will integrate the science of interpersonal neurobiology, child development, trauma-informed care, expressive arts, and play to strengthen the understanding, love, and security between you and your child.
(424) 531-7837 View (424) 531-7837
Photo of Jill Howe-Vercos, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill Howe-Vercos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Heal the past. Be present. Have a future. You are not broken -- you already have the tools you need. My goal is to help you access those tools and remove any obstacles that prevent you from feeling like yourself. Whether you're struggling with old wounds or need support for current life challenges, we'll work together to build on your strengths -- and uncover ones you may not yet know you have.
Heal the past. Be present. Have a future. You are not broken -- you already have the tools you need. My goal is to help you access those tools and remove any obstacles that prevent you from feeling like yourself. Whether you're struggling with old wounds or need support for current life challenges, we'll work together to build on your strengths -- and uncover ones you may not yet know you have.
(310) 945-2918 View (310) 945-2918
Photo of Angie Vargas, LCSW, PPSC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Angie Vargas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
Angie is an alternative Latina therapist from the Salvadorean diaspora, first-generation born and bred in Santa Monica (Tongva land), child of immigrants, and the big sister in her family. Angie earned a Master's in Social Work from UCLA, specializing in School Social Work, and a B.A. in Sociology with a minor in Chicanx Studies at CSUN. For nearly a decade, Angie has been working with children, youth and families in community mental health and K-12 schools. The last two years serving as Manager of School-based Services, Clinical Supervisor to MSWs, Coordinator of Reflective Parenting Groups and in Private Practice for QTBIPOC/ WOC.
Angie is an alternative Latina therapist from the Salvadorean diaspora, first-generation born and bred in Santa Monica (Tongva land), child of immigrants, and the big sister in her family. Angie earned a Master's in Social Work from UCLA, specializing in School Social Work, and a B.A. in Sociology with a minor in Chicanx Studies at CSUN. For nearly a decade, Angie has been working with children, youth and families in community mental health and K-12 schools. The last two years serving as Manager of School-based Services, Clinical Supervisor to MSWs, Coordinator of Reflective Parenting Groups and in Private Practice for QTBIPOC/ WOC.
(424) 625-7363 View (424) 625-7363
Photo of Dr. Margaret Chao, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Margaret Chao
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
My background is in Health Psychology and I bring a Mind-Body perspective to my work. With any change comes growing pains, which is why I specialize in working with professionals navigating important life transitions including career decisions, romantic relationships, friendships, and adjustment to parenthood. Often individuals present questions on how they can feel more fulfilled or satisfied in life. Or how to grow in confidence, or become more grounded in oneself. Many look to find better ways to find meaning and fulfillment in our Modern, Technology-Focused culture.
My background is in Health Psychology and I bring a Mind-Body perspective to my work. With any change comes growing pains, which is why I specialize in working with professionals navigating important life transitions including career decisions, romantic relationships, friendships, and adjustment to parenthood. Often individuals present questions on how they can feel more fulfilled or satisfied in life. Or how to grow in confidence, or become more grounded in oneself. Many look to find better ways to find meaning and fulfillment in our Modern, Technology-Focused culture.
(650) 376-7632 View (650) 376-7632
Ned Rodriquez
Psychologist, PhD, SEP, MA, Theo
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Welcome to my practice! I specialize in state-of-the-art therapy to help persons recover from stressful life experiences (e.g., developmental/family-of-origin stress & trauma, child abuse, sexual trauma, violence/crime, accidents), through therapy that heals the mind, body, energy & spirit. I address all trauma reactions: Complex PTSD, Depression, Guilt/Shame & offer caring therapy that works by integrating research-validated & new leading-edge treatments. As a highly interactive therapist, I provide feedback & experiential exercises, & work hard to create a richer & more effective therapy experiencethan traditional talk therapy.
Welcome to my practice! I specialize in state-of-the-art therapy to help persons recover from stressful life experiences (e.g., developmental/family-of-origin stress & trauma, child abuse, sexual trauma, violence/crime, accidents), through therapy that heals the mind, body, energy & spirit. I address all trauma reactions: Complex PTSD, Depression, Guilt/Shame & offer caring therapy that works by integrating research-validated & new leading-edge treatments. As a highly interactive therapist, I provide feedback & experiential exercises, & work hard to create a richer & more effective therapy experiencethan traditional talk therapy.
(310) 776-6852 View (310) 776-6852
Photo of Natalie Feinblatt, PsyD, Psychologist
Natalie Feinblatt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Struggling with addiction. Survivor of trauma. Creative. Do at least two of these three describe you? If you're struggling to get sober, you're fearful about the impact sobriety might have on your creativity (and life in general). If you're in early sobriety, you're trying to gain your footing in a new landscape. If you're a trauma survivor, you're confused as to why your insight & sensitivity aren't helping you get to that light at the end of the tunnel. What do you do if your pain is too great to manage on your own?
Struggling with addiction. Survivor of trauma. Creative. Do at least two of these three describe you? If you're struggling to get sober, you're fearful about the impact sobriety might have on your creativity (and life in general). If you're in early sobriety, you're trying to gain your footing in a new landscape. If you're a trauma survivor, you're confused as to why your insight & sensitivity aren't helping you get to that light at the end of the tunnel. What do you do if your pain is too great to manage on your own?
(323) 688-4839 View (323) 688-4839
Photo of Online Virtual Therapy With Kim Roberson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Virtual Therapy With Kim Roberson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Book with me now by clicking on my website! As an integrative based Therapist, I honor the need for creating a safe, non judgmental partnership between myself and the client. By empathizing with, and validating the client’s feelings, the goal is to hold an open space to process emotions and thus promote healing.
Book with me now by clicking on my website! As an integrative based Therapist, I honor the need for creating a safe, non judgmental partnership between myself and the client. By empathizing with, and validating the client’s feelings, the goal is to hold an open space to process emotions and thus promote healing.
(332) 244-0581 View (332) 244-0581
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Humanistic Therapists

How does humanistic therapy work?

One tenet of humanistic therapy is that people are good. The humanistic approach is concerned with a person’s ability to accept oneself. It likewise encourages a person to overcome self-criticism and self-defeating tendencies, as well as disapproval from others. This approach also emphasizes self-actualization and treating an individual as a whole person. A foundation of this therapy type: The patient is the expert in their life, and treatment often takes the individual’s lead.

Is humanistic therapy evidence-based?

Humanistic therapy is an evidence-based practice. Research has found that humanistic therapy can lead to significant improvement, and for some people it can be just as effective as other therapies, such as Cognitive behavioral therapy. The benefits of humanistic therapy are enduring.

How long does humanistic therapy last?

The goal of humanistic therapy is to understand a person’s day-to-day experiences. While sessions can be short-term and last over a few months, therapy can sometimes continue beyond that and last up to a year or more. And because patients learn the theory behind humanistic therapy during treatment, they can also practice its tenets throughout life after therapy sessions have been completed.

Is humanistic therapy effective?

According to research, many patients find success with humanistic therapy. Researchers note that the therapy is particularly useful in addressing poor self-esteem and self-sabotage, as well as improving conditions including anxiety and depression. Improvements in problem areas can be long standing, as individuals can continue working on themselves by using the tools they’ve learned during treatment.