Therapists in Hilo, HI

Photo of Emily Powers, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hilo, HI
Emily Powers
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Emily Powers is a pre-licensed counseling professional who is passionate about helping people overcome their challenges & achieve their goals. She holds a BA from St. Edward’s University in Austin, TX and is currently finishing her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at UH Hilo. Emily started her career helping adults cope with various challenges at a residential mental health facility. She has served individuals navigating the impacts of Depression, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and other forms of mental health difficulties
Emily Powers is a pre-licensed counseling professional who is passionate about helping people overcome their challenges & achieve their goals. She holds a BA from St. Edward’s University in Austin, TX and is currently finishing her Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at UH Hilo. Emily started her career helping adults cope with various challenges at a residential mental health facility. She has served individuals navigating the impacts of Depression, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and other forms of mental health difficulties
(808) 746-7514 View (808) 746-7514
Photo of Paul Richard Cassiday, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hilo, HI
Paul Richard Cassiday
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Hello, I'm Paumalū Cassiday, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in mindfulness-based interventions grounded in Hawaiian culture. My therapeutic approach aims to cultivate self-awareness and resilience while addressing challenges such as depression, anxiety, substance use, and anger management. Together, we'll embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery rooted in both evidence-based practice and the healing traditions of Hawaii. My communication style is centered around active listening and reflecting upon what my clients share with me, aiming to gain new or deeper understanding.
Hello, I'm Paumalū Cassiday, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in mindfulness-based interventions grounded in Hawaiian culture. My therapeutic approach aims to cultivate self-awareness and resilience while addressing challenges such as depression, anxiety, substance use, and anger management. Together, we'll embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery rooted in both evidence-based practice and the healing traditions of Hawaii. My communication style is centered around active listening and reflecting upon what my clients share with me, aiming to gain new or deeper understanding.
(808) 400-6958 View (808) 400-6958
Photo of Anja Lemieux, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Anja Lemieux
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
I am motivated to help people gain insight, find resolution, and discover a way to move forward by the end of session. It you choose to participate in long term therapy we can work at a deeper level by having a closer look at your difficult experiences, reprocess and integrate, and discover new ways to relate to the world and find ease and stability, In our sessions we will emphasize building self knowledge at a pace that is right for you, and discovering and updating your ways of coping. For some this process is concentrated in a small area of change, and for some achieving well being means looking at and adjusting multiple areas.
I am motivated to help people gain insight, find resolution, and discover a way to move forward by the end of session. It you choose to participate in long term therapy we can work at a deeper level by having a closer look at your difficult experiences, reprocess and integrate, and discover new ways to relate to the world and find ease and stability, In our sessions we will emphasize building self knowledge at a pace that is right for you, and discovering and updating your ways of coping. For some this process is concentrated in a small area of change, and for some achieving well being means looking at and adjusting multiple areas.
(808) 378-7765 View (808) 378-7765
Photo of Judy M Marsh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hilo, HI
Judy M Marsh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Therapy can be the opportunity to explore our lives in a safe space and unpack why we feel stuck. I encourage my clients to discuss what they want to see happen in their life and work with them on developing goals. I use a combination of family structure, emotional focus and family of origin modes of therapy in my practice. Therapy for some can be a new experience and I honor that.
Therapy can be the opportunity to explore our lives in a safe space and unpack why we feel stuck. I encourage my clients to discuss what they want to see happen in their life and work with them on developing goals. I use a combination of family structure, emotional focus and family of origin modes of therapy in my practice. Therapy for some can be a new experience and I honor that.
(808) 238-8164 View (808) 238-8164
Photo of Yelena Theofilatos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hilo, HI
Yelena Theofilatos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
Find a way back to inner calm, rediscover joy, and quit smoking by learning skills to master your emotions, regulate nervous system, and release self-limiting beliefs.
Find a way back to inner calm, rediscover joy, and quit smoking by learning skills to master your emotions, regulate nervous system, and release self-limiting beliefs.
(808) 736-3623 View (808) 736-3623
Photo of Rob Blinn, Psychologist in Hilo, HI
Rob Blinn
Psychologist, PhD, MA, SEP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
My favorite modalities of therapy are Somatic Experiencing and NARM, whole body modalities that involve greater focus on physical sensation, emotion, the felt sense, and incomplete motor programs. Both have grounding in modern neuropsychology. I have found that these techniques enhance a person's journey to integration. I have a background in Jungian work and also have a MA in Folklore and Mythology. I enjoy working with clients who have an interest in somatics, story, and healing from anxiety and trauma. I have done a great deal of men's work and enjoy helping men recover from depression and difficult relationships.
My favorite modalities of therapy are Somatic Experiencing and NARM, whole body modalities that involve greater focus on physical sensation, emotion, the felt sense, and incomplete motor programs. Both have grounding in modern neuropsychology. I have found that these techniques enhance a person's journey to integration. I have a background in Jungian work and also have a MA in Folklore and Mythology. I enjoy working with clients who have an interest in somatics, story, and healing from anxiety and trauma. I have done a great deal of men's work and enjoy helping men recover from depression and difficult relationships.
(808) 419-3658 View (808) 419-3658
Photo of Amanda Webster, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Amanda Webster
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Amanda enjoys providing counseling services in the local community, with an emphasis on preventative and integrative wellness, normalization of development across the lifespan, cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation training, parent-child interaction therapy, anxiety, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, family members of people with special needs, occupation counseling and solutions-focused interventions.
Amanda enjoys providing counseling services in the local community, with an emphasis on preventative and integrative wellness, normalization of development across the lifespan, cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation training, parent-child interaction therapy, anxiety, ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, family members of people with special needs, occupation counseling and solutions-focused interventions.
(808) 720-2307 View (808) 720-2307
Photo of Dr. Danielle Zandbergen, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Dr. Danielle Zandbergen
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, PhD
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you are seeking ways to strengthen your relationship to self or others, or experience growth in your development and well-being, I am here to help you navigate these issues and more. I specialize in adolescent and adult therapy with an emphasis on anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship and identity concerns. I have worked in school-based settings, child welfare, foster and adoptive care, residential care, and private practice. I work primarily with individuals, but also enjoy working with couples whether it be premarital or marital counseling.
Whether you are seeking ways to strengthen your relationship to self or others, or experience growth in your development and well-being, I am here to help you navigate these issues and more. I specialize in adolescent and adult therapy with an emphasis on anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship and identity concerns. I have worked in school-based settings, child welfare, foster and adoptive care, residential care, and private practice. I work primarily with individuals, but also enjoy working with couples whether it be premarital or marital counseling.
(808) 649-3454 View (808) 649-3454
Photo of Laura Dvorak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hilo, HI
Laura Dvorak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
I am here to educate, empower, and hold space as you navigate life’s uncertain terrain. Together we can create a safe container to lean into difficult emotions and identify breakthroughs, from relationships to health to career to family to a deeper sense of purpose. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families, elders, adolescents ages 10-18 and I am passionate about connecting people to resources both internal and external.
I am here to educate, empower, and hold space as you navigate life’s uncertain terrain. Together we can create a safe container to lean into difficult emotions and identify breakthroughs, from relationships to health to career to family to a deeper sense of purpose. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, families, elders, adolescents ages 10-18 and I am passionate about connecting people to resources both internal and external.
(808) 515-3520 View (808) 515-3520
Photo of Odette R Smith, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Odette R Smith
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling stressed, overwhelmed, sad or worried? You are not alone; I am here to help. Making that phone call and choosing a therapist can be challenging but it is the first step towards improving your current situation and the quality of your life. Within a safe, non-judgmental and caring environment, we will explore ways to embrace change and find the fulfillment and life balance you long for. We will build on your strengths and empower you to make the choices and changes that make sense to you.
Have you been feeling stressed, overwhelmed, sad or worried? You are not alone; I am here to help. Making that phone call and choosing a therapist can be challenging but it is the first step towards improving your current situation and the quality of your life. Within a safe, non-judgmental and caring environment, we will explore ways to embrace change and find the fulfillment and life balance you long for. We will build on your strengths and empower you to make the choices and changes that make sense to you.
(808) 495-0109 View (808) 495-0109
Photo of Mariana Sampaio, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Mariana Sampaio
Counselor, LMHC, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Our goal is to walk the path of personal growth with you. We currently focused on supporting teens and adults to explore their lives' experiences and to become the version of themselves they most desire. Since first starting to work in direct service it has come clear to me that every human being is unique and worthy. Hence, I draw from different Evidence Based Treatment modalities in order to best fit the needs of each individual client. These include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma-Focused CBT, Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (RO-DBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), among other modalities.
Our goal is to walk the path of personal growth with you. We currently focused on supporting teens and adults to explore their lives' experiences and to become the version of themselves they most desire. Since first starting to work in direct service it has come clear to me that every human being is unique and worthy. Hence, I draw from different Evidence Based Treatment modalities in order to best fit the needs of each individual client. These include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Trauma-Focused CBT, Radically Open Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (RO-DBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), among other modalities.
(808) 556-5541 View (808) 556-5541
Photo of Bertram Kalani Spain, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hilo, HI
Bertram Kalani Spain
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
B. Kalani Spain, PhD, LMFT, helping individuals, couples and families in the State of Hawaii with an understanding of cross-cultural issues. Specializing in trauma informed care, couples and family therapy, anger management and substance abuse issues. Allow me to assist you in overcoming the obstacles of unresolved conflicts, grudges, blame and miscommunication. Reclaim the harmony you deserve and can achieve
B. Kalani Spain, PhD, LMFT, helping individuals, couples and families in the State of Hawaii with an understanding of cross-cultural issues. Specializing in trauma informed care, couples and family therapy, anger management and substance abuse issues. Allow me to assist you in overcoming the obstacles of unresolved conflicts, grudges, blame and miscommunication. Reclaim the harmony you deserve and can achieve
(808) 495-0127 View (808) 495-0127
Photo of Kirsten Wong, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Kirsten Wong
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720
I accept HMSA/HMSA Quest only. Limited in-office sessions. I am hapa and born and raised on Oahu (Pupukea, Wahiawa, Mililani, Kailua). I have 10 years of experience in mental health research, assessment and diagnostics, and counseling. I specialize in attachment issues; identifying and meeting your emotional needs; managing conflict, avoidance, loneliness, and obsessive thinking; and processing the layers of grief. I use holistic and integrative techniques to help bring more of you into balance. This includes but is not limited to CBT, DBT, ACT, and somatic practices (deep breathing, pranayama, vagal toning, self resourcing).
I accept HMSA/HMSA Quest only. Limited in-office sessions. I am hapa and born and raised on Oahu (Pupukea, Wahiawa, Mililani, Kailua). I have 10 years of experience in mental health research, assessment and diagnostics, and counseling. I specialize in attachment issues; identifying and meeting your emotional needs; managing conflict, avoidance, loneliness, and obsessive thinking; and processing the layers of grief. I use holistic and integrative techniques to help bring more of you into balance. This includes but is not limited to CBT, DBT, ACT, and somatic practices (deep breathing, pranayama, vagal toning, self resourcing).
(808) 670-3318 View (808) 670-3318
Photo of Big Island Health Clinic, INC., Marriage & Family Therapist in Hilo, HI
Big Island Health Clinic, INC.
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Big Island Health Clinic is committed to providing treatment that is Culturally Competent & Trauma Informed. Collectively we provide individual and family therapy for all ages. There are 3 therapists to choose from. Elvina Nartatez's areas of specialties include anger management & PTSD. Josephine Volpe is a certified substance abuse, anger management and Hospice counselor. Akoni Kanaele provides treatment for behavioral & anxiety disorders.
Big Island Health Clinic is committed to providing treatment that is Culturally Competent & Trauma Informed. Collectively we provide individual and family therapy for all ages. There are 3 therapists to choose from. Elvina Nartatez's areas of specialties include anger management & PTSD. Josephine Volpe is a certified substance abuse, anger management and Hospice counselor. Akoni Kanaele provides treatment for behavioral & anxiety disorders.
(808) 518-2648 View (808) 518-2648
Photo of Amber Fitzgerald, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hilo, HI
Amber Fitzgerald
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
Most people experience times in life when they don’t know how to cope or don’t know what to do about something they are struggling with. Some people struggle for years, either alone or in their relationships, before they are ready to talk with someone about things they want to change in their life. Some feel content in life except in one area, and they could use an unbiased third party to help them solve that last piece of their puzzle. Whatever your reason is, seeking help is not easy, and it is a brave move that speaks volumes of your readiness to better your life.
Most people experience times in life when they don’t know how to cope or don’t know what to do about something they are struggling with. Some people struggle for years, either alone or in their relationships, before they are ready to talk with someone about things they want to change in their life. Some feel content in life except in one area, and they could use an unbiased third party to help them solve that last piece of their puzzle. Whatever your reason is, seeking help is not easy, and it is a brave move that speaks volumes of your readiness to better your life.
(808) 374-5059 View (808) 374-5059
Photo of Penelope Rodriguez, Counselor in Hilo, HI
Penelope Rodriguez
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC, EMDR-C
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720  (Online Only)
I counsel individuals dealing with behavioral problems, difficult transitions, losses, and traumatic events that cause emotional suffering and interfere with their life. I combine principles from the Cognitive-Behavioral, Existential-Humanistic, and Integrative Psychotherapy approaches like EMDR and IFS (Internal Family System).
I counsel individuals dealing with behavioral problems, difficult transitions, losses, and traumatic events that cause emotional suffering and interfere with their life. I combine principles from the Cognitive-Behavioral, Existential-Humanistic, and Integrative Psychotherapy approaches like EMDR and IFS (Internal Family System).
(808) 784-7913 View (808) 784-7913
Photo of Jose Rojales, Marriage & Family Therapist in Hilo, HI
Jose Rojales
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
I offer a safe, non judgmental, supportive and compassionate environment for all of my clients. We are all human and life can be really hard at times. I am here to help guide my clients to a have a deeper understanding of themselves and their lives, and to help them gain the tools needed to make healthier choices and changes that promote a more balanced life.
I offer a safe, non judgmental, supportive and compassionate environment for all of my clients. We are all human and life can be really hard at times. I am here to help guide my clients to a have a deeper understanding of themselves and their lives, and to help them gain the tools needed to make healthier choices and changes that promote a more balanced life.
(808) 500-6004 View (808) 500-6004
Photo of Maria Balaji, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Hilo, HI
Maria Balaji
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Hello! My name is Maria Balaji, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). With a passion for mental health and helping individuals improve their overall well-being, I have dedicated my career to providing compassionate, evidence-based therapy to those in need. This provider resides in Hawaii. I specialize in several areas including anxiety, depression, trauma informed care, grief and loss, and life transitions. It is crucial to me that I continuously expand my knowledge and skills, allowing me to offer the most effective interventions and techniques for my clients' specific needs.
Hello! My name is Maria Balaji, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). With a passion for mental health and helping individuals improve their overall well-being, I have dedicated my career to providing compassionate, evidence-based therapy to those in need. This provider resides in Hawaii. I specialize in several areas including anxiety, depression, trauma informed care, grief and loss, and life transitions. It is crucial to me that I continuously expand my knowledge and skills, allowing me to offer the most effective interventions and techniques for my clients' specific needs.
(808) 796-5054 View (808) 796-5054
Photo of Shannon Thornburg, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hilo, HI
Shannon Thornburg
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Shannon's dedication lies in ensuring her clients feel understood, fostering their self-trust, and supporting them in finding security in the present. She cherishes qualities like empathy and the capacity to understand people’s differences. Shannon has worked with individuals from across all age groups, from those approaching the end of life to those embarking on the journey into adulthood. She has helped individuals navigate the impacts of various mental health challenges, including complex trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and ADHD.
Shannon's dedication lies in ensuring her clients feel understood, fostering their self-trust, and supporting them in finding security in the present. She cherishes qualities like empathy and the capacity to understand people’s differences. Shannon has worked with individuals from across all age groups, from those approaching the end of life to those embarking on the journey into adulthood. She has helped individuals navigate the impacts of various mental health challenges, including complex trauma, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and ADHD.
(808) 774-3194 View (808) 774-3194
Photo of Sophia Bullard, Pre-Licensed Professional in Hilo, HI
Sophia Bullard
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Hilo, HI 96720
Sophia Bullard studied at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, receiving her Bachelors of Science in Psychology in 2021 and her Masters of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling in May of 2022. Sophia is currently working towards the LMHC (Licensed Mental Health Counselor) credential in the state of Hawaii. Additionally, she has future goals of becoming a Registered Play Therapist and Certified Yoga Therapist. Sophia’s clinical experience stems from working as a counseling intern at various public elementary and middle schools in the Greater Philadelphia area.
Sophia Bullard studied at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, receiving her Bachelors of Science in Psychology in 2021 and her Masters of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling in May of 2022. Sophia is currently working towards the LMHC (Licensed Mental Health Counselor) credential in the state of Hawaii. Additionally, she has future goals of becoming a Registered Play Therapist and Certified Yoga Therapist. Sophia’s clinical experience stems from working as a counseling intern at various public elementary and middle schools in the Greater Philadelphia area.
(808) 758-5390 View (808) 758-5390

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Hilo, HI

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Hilo, HI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
81% Depression
79% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
71% Life Transitions
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Hawaii Medical Services Association
52% BlueCross and BlueShield
46% Hawaii Medical Assurance Association

How Therapists in Hilo, HI see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Hilo?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.