Therapists in Holland, MI

Photo of Ryan Kuja, Licensed Professional Counselor in Holland, MI
Ryan Kuja
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
By the time I was 24, I had been diagnosed with OCD, PTSD, depression, anxiety disorder & panic disorder. I intimately know the affliction of mental health struggles. After years of lived personal experience with trauma & a myriad of diagnoses; a two decades long healing journey involving seeing over 50 different practitioners and tens of thousands of dollars; countless hours of training; and 2 master's degrees, I have honed an approach to therapy that weaves ancient wisdom, contemporary neuroscience, and compassionate inquiry into a tapestry of healing. And unlike most therapists, I only treat what I have personally experienced.
By the time I was 24, I had been diagnosed with OCD, PTSD, depression, anxiety disorder & panic disorder. I intimately know the affliction of mental health struggles. After years of lived personal experience with trauma & a myriad of diagnoses; a two decades long healing journey involving seeing over 50 different practitioners and tens of thousands of dollars; countless hours of training; and 2 master's degrees, I have honed an approach to therapy that weaves ancient wisdom, contemporary neuroscience, and compassionate inquiry into a tapestry of healing. And unlike most therapists, I only treat what I have personally experienced.
(616) 612-1314 View (616) 612-1314
Photo of Mark Edwin Westrate, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Mark Edwin Westrate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
Are you stressed out about your life? Does your partner seem distant, angry and cold? Do you worry about your children and teenagers who seem out of control? Are you at your wits end and beginning to feel hopeless about this? Do you struggle with guilt and feel stuck in bad habits,even addictions?
Are you stressed out about your life? Does your partner seem distant, angry and cold? Do you worry about your children and teenagers who seem out of control? Are you at your wits end and beginning to feel hopeless about this? Do you struggle with guilt and feel stuck in bad habits,even addictions?
(616) 828-1501 View (616) 828-1501
Photo of Jessica Bradley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Jessica Bradley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, RYT-200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
Waitlist for new clients
Hi there! My name is Jessica. I’m glad you’re here, and I think it’s great that you are taking steps forward on your mental health journey. I want you to know that feeling better is possible. You deserve to wake up feeling hopeful about your day, and fall asleep without the weight of the world on your shoulders. I specialize in working with teenagers, college students, and young adults. I am best able to support in the areas of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, negative thinking patterns, perfectionism, self-esteem, school/family/friend stress, life transitions, emotional regulation, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm.
Hi there! My name is Jessica. I’m glad you’re here, and I think it’s great that you are taking steps forward on your mental health journey. I want you to know that feeling better is possible. You deserve to wake up feeling hopeful about your day, and fall asleep without the weight of the world on your shoulders. I specialize in working with teenagers, college students, and young adults. I am best able to support in the areas of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, negative thinking patterns, perfectionism, self-esteem, school/family/friend stress, life transitions, emotional regulation, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm.
(616) 625-0917 View (616) 625-0917
Photo of Diana Mudde, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Diana Mudde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
Not accepting new clients
I work with clients who are wanting to understand themselves more fully, figure out what may be holding them back from the life they've imagined for themselves, uncover what is beneath troubling behaviors, and/or find ways of being and relating that feel healthier and more fulfilling. Some clients come in speaking of feeling discouraged, restless, worried, unfulfilled, or unhappy within themselves and/or their relationships; others come in with just a vague sense that life could feel much better.
I work with clients who are wanting to understand themselves more fully, figure out what may be holding them back from the life they've imagined for themselves, uncover what is beneath troubling behaviors, and/or find ways of being and relating that feel healthier and more fulfilling. Some clients come in speaking of feeling discouraged, restless, worried, unfulfilled, or unhappy within themselves and/or their relationships; others come in with just a vague sense that life could feel much better.
(616) 796-6635 View (616) 796-6635
Photo of Josie Wolthuis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Holland, MI
Josie Wolthuis
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
I work with clients who are ready for change and growth in their life. Some areas that my clients work on are relationships, anxiety, self-esteem, communication, and depression. I believe that people are capable of making change in their own lives, but that the therapist-client relationship can provide the support that people need to do so.
I work with clients who are ready for change and growth in their life. Some areas that my clients work on are relationships, anxiety, self-esteem, communication, and depression. I believe that people are capable of making change in their own lives, but that the therapist-client relationship can provide the support that people need to do so.
(616) 300-2323 View (616) 300-2323
Photo of Celeste I Linder, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Holland, MI
Celeste I Linder
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
Celeste I Linder MA LLP has been providing Mental Health Services to Children, Adolescents, Adults and Families for over twenty years. As a life-long resident of Southwest Michigan, she has a very good understanding of the Emotional and Psychological challenges that her clients endure. Not only does Celeste demonstrate professional excellence in her work, she has an engaging personality that immediately puts clients at ease. Celeste is able to quickly establish rapport and credibility with those she serves. She truly cares about her clients and shows a high level of commitment to them.
Celeste I Linder MA LLP has been providing Mental Health Services to Children, Adolescents, Adults and Families for over twenty years. As a life-long resident of Southwest Michigan, she has a very good understanding of the Emotional and Psychological challenges that her clients endure. Not only does Celeste demonstrate professional excellence in her work, she has an engaging personality that immediately puts clients at ease. Celeste is able to quickly establish rapport and credibility with those she serves. She truly cares about her clients and shows a high level of commitment to them.
(248) 801-0051 View (248) 801-0051
Photo of Drew Graber in Holland, MI
Drew Graber
MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
Majority of my experience has been working with individuals and families utilizing techniques of Person-Centered Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy. I’ve had the opportunity to work with a diverse group of adolescents, children, adults and families in different setting.
Majority of my experience has been working with individuals and families utilizing techniques of Person-Centered Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Therapy. I’ve had the opportunity to work with a diverse group of adolescents, children, adults and families in different setting.
(616) 383-2770 View (616) 383-2770
Photo of Olivia Brower, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Olivia Brower
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
First of all, I am so glad you are here. Beginning the process of seeking therapy can be daunting. Working with women who are facing various issues with life transitions, trauma, and mental health is my passion. Life is challenging and change is hard. Life changes in so many different ways throughout the lifespan whether it be the transition to college, the journey of motherhood, loss, changes in relationships, or career shifts. My goal is to walk with you through the changes of life, and the difficulties that come from these changes. Getting support and learning skills can help you thrive in whatever life stage you are in.
First of all, I am so glad you are here. Beginning the process of seeking therapy can be daunting. Working with women who are facing various issues with life transitions, trauma, and mental health is my passion. Life is challenging and change is hard. Life changes in so many different ways throughout the lifespan whether it be the transition to college, the journey of motherhood, loss, changes in relationships, or career shifts. My goal is to walk with you through the changes of life, and the difficulties that come from these changes. Getting support and learning skills can help you thrive in whatever life stage you are in.
(616) 300-2327 x657 View (616) 300-2327 x657
Photo of Kristin Travers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Kristin Travers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423  (Online Only)
I work with students (14+ years old), professionals, parents, and couples. Specifically, people needing support in their relationships or careers. I use a relational approach that is grounded in empathy. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where individuals and couples can explore their emotions, experiences, and relationships. I believe in the power of personal understanding as a catalyst for positive change and am committed to guiding my clients on their journey towards greater self-awareness and fulfillment. Everyone is deserving of compassion and care - and from that place, insight and change emerges.
I work with students (14+ years old), professionals, parents, and couples. Specifically, people needing support in their relationships or careers. I use a relational approach that is grounded in empathy. I aim to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where individuals and couples can explore their emotions, experiences, and relationships. I believe in the power of personal understanding as a catalyst for positive change and am committed to guiding my clients on their journey towards greater self-awareness and fulfillment. Everyone is deserving of compassion and care - and from that place, insight and change emerges.
(616) 577-7978 View (616) 577-7978
Photo of Lauren DeRoo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Lauren DeRoo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
Currently accepting clients! Our story matters. Life is full of twists and turns that can create baggage (Trauma, Family conflict, Stress & Anxiety, Depression, Unexpected life circumstances & Changes, Life Transition & Growing pains) amongst the beauty of your life. We all have flaws. But we need to accept that we are worth loving and worthy of hope and healing. This starts with unpacking your story, and finding your truth in the process. It is my honor to walk along side you, assisting in this process of healing and gaining strength within your story and life. FYI- I am walking distance from Hope College!
Currently accepting clients! Our story matters. Life is full of twists and turns that can create baggage (Trauma, Family conflict, Stress & Anxiety, Depression, Unexpected life circumstances & Changes, Life Transition & Growing pains) amongst the beauty of your life. We all have flaws. But we need to accept that we are worth loving and worthy of hope and healing. This starts with unpacking your story, and finding your truth in the process. It is my honor to walk along side you, assisting in this process of healing and gaining strength within your story and life. FYI- I am walking distance from Hope College!
(616) 208-5611 View (616) 208-5611
Photo of Leslie B Roberts, Psychologist in Holland, MI
Leslie B Roberts
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
Although I spend a lot of time conducting psychological assessments, I truly enjoy the time I get to spend as a therapist walking through life with my clients. At one point in time or another, all of us struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationships, big-emotions and overall ineffectiveness in our life. In therapy, we not only spend time discussing ongoing issues and current difficulties, but we also focus on themes in our lives and the ways that our thinking patterns can inhibit our ability to create the unique life that we want to live.
Although I spend a lot of time conducting psychological assessments, I truly enjoy the time I get to spend as a therapist walking through life with my clients. At one point in time or another, all of us struggle with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationships, big-emotions and overall ineffectiveness in our life. In therapy, we not only spend time discussing ongoing issues and current difficulties, but we also focus on themes in our lives and the ways that our thinking patterns can inhibit our ability to create the unique life that we want to live.
(616) 344-4982 View (616) 344-4982
Photo of Mercedes Saurbaugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Mercedes Saurbaugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, EPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
I guide professional women who feel like they have gotten lost in obligations and anxiety somewhere along the way; shift from perfectionism and "shoulds" to being the CEO of their mental, spiritual, and physical health (without needing years of therapy). My clients tell me they want balance and freedom in their full lives - and they truly want to transform from overthinking and over-functioning to really enjoying their lives. They simply want to take better care of themselves, and either their mind or body is getting louder - in physical pain, anxiety, restlessness, stress response, emotional eating (to name a few).
I guide professional women who feel like they have gotten lost in obligations and anxiety somewhere along the way; shift from perfectionism and "shoulds" to being the CEO of their mental, spiritual, and physical health (without needing years of therapy). My clients tell me they want balance and freedom in their full lives - and they truly want to transform from overthinking and over-functioning to really enjoying their lives. They simply want to take better care of themselves, and either their mind or body is getting louder - in physical pain, anxiety, restlessness, stress response, emotional eating (to name a few).
(616) 236-2663 View (616) 236-2663
Photo of Anxiety Depression O C D And Couples Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Holland, MI
Anxiety Depression O C D And Couples Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, MSJ
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49424
MIchael Angelo treats Anxiety: Whatever form of anxiety you have, treatment can help, especially if you feel like you’re worrying too much and it’s interfering with your work, relationships, or other parts of your life. If your anxiety is upsetting to you and difficult to control, seek out counseling. Depression: Although depression may occur only once in a person’s life, people typically have multiple episodes. During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day. Why live like this when you don’t have to?
MIchael Angelo treats Anxiety: Whatever form of anxiety you have, treatment can help, especially if you feel like you’re worrying too much and it’s interfering with your work, relationships, or other parts of your life. If your anxiety is upsetting to you and difficult to control, seek out counseling. Depression: Although depression may occur only once in a person’s life, people typically have multiple episodes. During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day. Why live like this when you don’t have to?
(616) 449-2699 View (616) 449-2699
Photo of Llena Chavis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Llena Chavis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423  (Online Only)
I am nurturing, yet direct in my approach and see working towards tangible change as important. Therapy in my office is always client led coupled with some therapist guided cognitive changes to approaching problems and setting concrete goals. I come with 20 years of clinical experience working with individuals, families as well as with couples and groups. My experience has stemmed from a variety of settings including domestic violence shelters, psychiatric units, juvenile detention centers, college campuses and private practice.
I am nurturing, yet direct in my approach and see working towards tangible change as important. Therapy in my office is always client led coupled with some therapist guided cognitive changes to approaching problems and setting concrete goals. I come with 20 years of clinical experience working with individuals, families as well as with couples and groups. My experience has stemmed from a variety of settings including domestic violence shelters, psychiatric units, juvenile detention centers, college campuses and private practice.
(616) 208-5913 View (616) 208-5913
Photo of Sara A. Showalter Van Tongeren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Sara A. Showalter Van Tongeren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, BSP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423  (Online Only)
Life brings many changing seasons that present new challenges and struggles. Throughout the seasons of life, you can find meaning and hope. People who decide to reach out and seek to find meaning and hope are courageous. It can be difficult to be honest and look at your life's path; however, I am continually amazed at each client's strength and desire for freedom in their life. I thoroughly enjoy providing additional support that can meet each client's needs. I primarily work with female-identifying adults who are wanting to rediscover their identity and increase their own sense of empowerment.
Life brings many changing seasons that present new challenges and struggles. Throughout the seasons of life, you can find meaning and hope. People who decide to reach out and seek to find meaning and hope are courageous. It can be difficult to be honest and look at your life's path; however, I am continually amazed at each client's strength and desire for freedom in their life. I thoroughly enjoy providing additional support that can meet each client's needs. I primarily work with female-identifying adults who are wanting to rediscover their identity and increase their own sense of empowerment.
(616) 827-7807 View (616) 827-7807
Photo of Amy Perricone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Amy Perricone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
I enjoy working with a broad range of clients...from children who have been impacted by trauma, to adults who are struggling with life changes, unresolved trauma, or anxiety/depression. I honor that all of us are individual human beings with different needs, therefore, I like to tailor my therapeutic sessions to the person I'm sitting with at the moment. I believe that all of us need a safe space to be heard and to process all that life may throw at us throughout different stages of our journey. My passion is to create that safe space for anyone who feels I would be a good fit for them.
I enjoy working with a broad range of clients...from children who have been impacted by trauma, to adults who are struggling with life changes, unresolved trauma, or anxiety/depression. I honor that all of us are individual human beings with different needs, therefore, I like to tailor my therapeutic sessions to the person I'm sitting with at the moment. I believe that all of us need a safe space to be heard and to process all that life may throw at us throughout different stages of our journey. My passion is to create that safe space for anyone who feels I would be a good fit for them.
(616) 300-1863 View (616) 300-1863
Photo of Tami VanderLind, Licensed Professional Counselor in Holland, MI
Tami VanderLind
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49423
I am a counselor who has a deep passion for helping individuals, couples, and families through deep hurts and wounds. I have worked extensively with couples who are trying to repair their marriage. I have led divorce groups and helped individuals work through the process of divorce. I have worked with individuals who suffer with depression, anxiety, low self esteem, eating disorders, OCD, addictions, and anger issues. Life is tough. It takes us by surprise and off guard more times than we care to admit. My goal is to help you work through the "stuff" that hinders you everyday.
I am a counselor who has a deep passion for helping individuals, couples, and families through deep hurts and wounds. I have worked extensively with couples who are trying to repair their marriage. I have led divorce groups and helped individuals work through the process of divorce. I have worked with individuals who suffer with depression, anxiety, low self esteem, eating disorders, OCD, addictions, and anger issues. Life is tough. It takes us by surprise and off guard more times than we care to admit. My goal is to help you work through the "stuff" that hinders you everyday.
(616) 631-2802 View (616) 631-2802
Photo of Sara Patzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Sara Patzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49424
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about working with teens, young adults, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. There are so many changes taking place during these stages of life and it can feel overwhelming and scary at times. I love working with people as they work through these transitions, find themselves, and become more confident and self compassionate.
I am passionate about working with teens, young adults, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. There are so many changes taking place during these stages of life and it can feel overwhelming and scary at times. I love working with people as they work through these transitions, find themselves, and become more confident and self compassionate.
(616) 414-3224 View (616) 414-3224
Photo of Michelle VanNoord, Licensed Professional Counselor in Holland, MI
Michelle VanNoord
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Holland, MI 49424
Not accepting new clients
My name is Michelle VanNoord and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience in working with children, adolescents and adults. As children grow and change, they often think and respond differently than adults would. I meet kids where they are at to help them through their struggles in a way that makes sense to them. I help parents understand the limits of the developing brain and how that can play into some of the struggles their child might be experiencing. I have worked in the school setting, taught college level classes and continue to speak to local teachers about the ways children grow and understand the world.
My name is Michelle VanNoord and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience in working with children, adolescents and adults. As children grow and change, they often think and respond differently than adults would. I meet kids where they are at to help them through their struggles in a way that makes sense to them. I help parents understand the limits of the developing brain and how that can play into some of the struggles their child might be experiencing. I have worked in the school setting, taught college level classes and continue to speak to local teachers about the ways children grow and understand the world.
(616) 213-1645 View (616) 213-1645
Photo of Karissa B. Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Holland, MI
Karissa B. Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Holland, MI 49423
Life is full of twists & turns; seasons that are heavy & seasons we move through with ease. I believe we all can benefit from a listening ear & predictable support as we embrace a life of radical honesty. I count it one of my greatest joys to have the honor of holding space for others as they sit with their past, navigate their present, & dream of what their future could be. My approach is focused on strengths, & providing hope as we navigate life together. I'm passionate about meeting people with acceptance & hope; exactly where they are, however they show up in this world.
Life is full of twists & turns; seasons that are heavy & seasons we move through with ease. I believe we all can benefit from a listening ear & predictable support as we embrace a life of radical honesty. I count it one of my greatest joys to have the honor of holding space for others as they sit with their past, navigate their present, & dream of what their future could be. My approach is focused on strengths, & providing hope as we navigate life together. I'm passionate about meeting people with acceptance & hope; exactly where they are, however they show up in this world.
(269) 367-3931 View (269) 367-3931

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Holland, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Holland, MI who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Priority Health
54% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Holland, MI see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Holland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.