Adoption Therapists in Sidney, OH

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Online Therapists

Photo of Carol E McClure, MACMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Carol E McClure
Counselor, MACMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Westerville, OH 43081
My clinical focus includes: * Adoption (Bonding and Transition) * Adults, Adolescents age 16up * Adults of Childhood Abuse and Subsequent Issues * Grief * LGBTQ * Life Transitions * Mood Disorders * Pregnancy Losses (miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, selective termination) * Relationship Issues * Self-Esteem * Sexuality * Sexual Assault * Women's Issues.
I have extensive training and over 30 years of experience working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and pregnancy loss, including abortion. I hold an MA in Mental Health Clinical Counseling and have completed the Jungian Professional Psychotherapy program with the CG Jung Institute of Chicago. Additionally, I work with couples using the Gottman Method to strengthen relationships and deal with underlying issues. I also hold a certification for coaching with the Enneagram. Recently, my husband and I celebrated 44 years of marriage.
My clinical focus includes: * Adoption (Bonding and Transition) * Adults, Adolescents age 16up * Adults of Childhood Abuse and Subsequent Issues * Grief * LGBTQ * Life Transitions * Mood Disorders * Pregnancy Losses (miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, selective termination) * Relationship Issues * Self-Esteem * Sexuality * Sexual Assault * Women's Issues.
I have extensive training and over 30 years of experience working with adult survivors of childhood abuse and pregnancy loss, including abortion. I hold an MA in Mental Health Clinical Counseling and have completed the Jungian Professional Psychotherapy program with the CG Jung Institute of Chicago. Additionally, I work with couples using the Gottman Method to strengthen relationships and deal with underlying issues. I also hold a certification for coaching with the Enneagram. Recently, my husband and I celebrated 44 years of marriage.
(614) 980-0093 View (614) 980-0093
Photo of Julie Guilfoyle, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie Guilfoyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Blue Ash, OH 45242
I am a therapist licensed in Ohio with over 20 years of experience working as a counselor and life coach. I have worked with adults, teens, and children with a wide range of concerns to help them develop coping skills to decrease discomfort and improve their quality of life. I have worked extensively with issues relating to trauma, childhood abuse, clergy abuse, depression, anxiety, OCD, adoption, anger management, and family relationship issues. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community, gender identity issues, problems related to divorce, and helping parents with behavioral issues with their children.
I am a therapist licensed in Ohio with over 20 years of experience working as a counselor and life coach. I have worked with adults, teens, and children with a wide range of concerns to help them develop coping skills to decrease discomfort and improve their quality of life. I have worked extensively with issues relating to trauma, childhood abuse, clergy abuse, depression, anxiety, OCD, adoption, anger management, and family relationship issues. I also specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community, gender identity issues, problems related to divorce, and helping parents with behavioral issues with their children.
(513) 790-4758 View (513) 790-4758
Photo of Susan Hoover, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Hoover
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45226
I have experience in adoption, chronic and terminal illness and grief.
I have been a psychotherapist for over 25 years. I provide a nurturing environment where we can safely explore difficult issues. I have a highly interactive approach and believe that the best results come from a strong therapeutic relationship. Many of the people I work with are the "walking wounded" - 'regular folks' feeling that they are not dealing well with the stresses of everyday life. Other people I work with have a history of chronic mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and bi-polar disorder.
I have experience in adoption, chronic and terminal illness and grief.
I have been a psychotherapist for over 25 years. I provide a nurturing environment where we can safely explore difficult issues. I have a highly interactive approach and believe that the best results come from a strong therapeutic relationship. Many of the people I work with are the "walking wounded" - 'regular folks' feeling that they are not dealing well with the stresses of everyday life. Other people I work with have a history of chronic mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and bi-polar disorder.
(513) 795-1326 View (513) 795-1326
Photo of Carol Lawrence Adoption And Trauma Therapist, LPCC, DARTT, CCTP
Carol Lawrence Adoption And Trauma Therapist
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, DARTT, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Mason, OH 45040
Adoption and Foster Care therapy includes trauma, grief, attachment and identity topics.
Looking for a counselor can be overwhelming. It's important that you feel connected with your counselor and feel safe when looking to change things in your life. I've spent my life connecting with people in a variety of settings and I"m interested in helping people as they work through difficult times or want to change something. My life is dedicated to helping families and individuals who have experienced trauma and are seeking healing. I would consider it a privilege to help.
Adoption and Foster Care therapy includes trauma, grief, attachment and identity topics.
Looking for a counselor can be overwhelming. It's important that you feel connected with your counselor and feel safe when looking to change things in your life. I've spent my life connecting with people in a variety of settings and I"m interested in helping people as they work through difficult times or want to change something. My life is dedicated to helping families and individuals who have experienced trauma and are seeking healing. I would consider it a privilege to help.
(513) 409-9432 View (513) 409-9432
Photo of Sonja Nadine Josselyn - Tell the World Wellness, LPCC
Tell the World Wellness
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Canal Winchester, OH 43110
My name is Sonja Josselyn. I am a licensed professional clinical counselor and I have over 7 years experience as a counselor of both children and adults. I have assisted with most types of mental health issues. Also, I have personal experience with infertility, adoption, divorce, and anxiety.
My name is Sonja Josselyn. I am a licensed professional clinical counselor and I have over 7 years experience as a counselor of both children and adults. I have assisted with most types of mental health issues. Also, I have personal experience with infertility, adoption, divorce, and anxiety.
(614) 820-1809 View (614) 820-1809
Photo of Kristen Riekert, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristen Riekert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Mason, OH 45040
For the past twenty years, I have worked extensively with families whose children have joined their families through foster care and adoption.
I have always liked this quote: "People who need help sometimes look a lot like people who don't need help." I am drawn to this quote and to counseling because I am a person who has lived through a storm or two. And, although your storm and mine may not look the same, I believe we all have common needs: to heal from something in our past, to overcome stress, fear and anxiety that makes us feel powerless and hopeless, or to navigate through an important relationship that is difficult.
For the past twenty years, I have worked extensively with families whose children have joined their families through foster care and adoption.
I have always liked this quote: "People who need help sometimes look a lot like people who don't need help." I am drawn to this quote and to counseling because I am a person who has lived through a storm or two. And, although your storm and mine may not look the same, I believe we all have common needs: to heal from something in our past, to overcome stress, fear and anxiety that makes us feel powerless and hopeless, or to navigate through an important relationship that is difficult.
(833) 474-0130 View (833) 474-0130
Photo of Julie H Richards, MS, LPCC, Counselor
Julie H Richards
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Worthington, OH 43085
The challenges of life offer us incredible opportunities for healing and growth. Julie creates a safe space of attuned therapeutic support to explore the depths of unresolved places. As an adoptive parent who is familiar with adoption trauma, grief, and loss, Julie is able to empathically come alongside adoptive families with steadfast support and compassionate care. Julie is a passionate learner and teacher, focusing on empowering clients with deeper understanding to live a vibrant and fulfilling life with meaningful interpersonal relationships. If you have felt unsettled or conflicted, come experience making sense together.
The challenges of life offer us incredible opportunities for healing and growth. Julie creates a safe space of attuned therapeutic support to explore the depths of unresolved places. As an adoptive parent who is familiar with adoption trauma, grief, and loss, Julie is able to empathically come alongside adoptive families with steadfast support and compassionate care. Julie is a passionate learner and teacher, focusing on empowering clients with deeper understanding to live a vibrant and fulfilling life with meaningful interpersonal relationships. If you have felt unsettled or conflicted, come experience making sense together.
(614) 907-4277 View (614) 907-4277
Photo of Melissa Dawn Kappes - Melissa Kappes, MA, MEd, LPCC-S, Counselor
Melissa Kappes
Counselor, MA, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mason, OH 45040
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with almost 25 years of experience in working with adolescents, adults and families. I have worked in a variety of settings, including a locked facility for juveniles, doctor offices within a hospital setting, a charter school which specialized in individualized and flexible strategies to teach the children, an adoption agency performing assessments and conducting birth parent counseling, and a community mental health center. I have been in private practice for the last 8 years.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with almost 25 years of experience in working with adolescents, adults and families. I have worked in a variety of settings, including a locked facility for juveniles, doctor offices within a hospital setting, a charter school which specialized in individualized and flexible strategies to teach the children, an adoption agency performing assessments and conducting birth parent counseling, and a community mental health center. I have been in private practice for the last 8 years.
(513) 331-7811 View (513) 331-7811
Photo of Mary Valerie Wolff, MSW, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Valerie Wolff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lewis Center, OH 43035  (Online Only)
I specialize in depression, anxiety, grief, victims of abuse (physical, emotional, verbal, sexual, spiritual), addictions (including internet addiction), Christian counseling, parenting issues, adoption, infertility issues, chronic pain managment, chronic illness issues, and crisis counseling.
I have provided psychotherapy services for over 35 years to individuals (adults and children), couples, and families. Once a therapeutic relationship is established, then a treatment plan is formulated based upon my client’s needs wherein each client’s inherent strengths are utilized to maximize growth and results. Resources are provided as an adjunct to the therapeutic process.
I specialize in depression, anxiety, grief, victims of abuse (physical, emotional, verbal, sexual, spiritual), addictions (including internet addiction), Christian counseling, parenting issues, adoption, infertility issues, chronic pain managment, chronic illness issues, and crisis counseling.
I have provided psychotherapy services for over 35 years to individuals (adults and children), couples, and families. Once a therapeutic relationship is established, then a treatment plan is formulated based upon my client’s needs wherein each client’s inherent strengths are utilized to maximize growth and results. Resources are provided as an adjunct to the therapeutic process.
(740) 520-4925 View (740) 520-4925
Photo of Stacy Miller, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Stacy Miller
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Dublin, OH 43016
These specializations include depression, anxiety, panic, life adjustments/transitions, grief/loss, the social and emotional struggles of the academically gifted, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adoption issues.
I have a passion for and 12 years of experience counseling clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder, grief/loss, infertility issues, and life adjustments/transition. Are you at a time in your life where you need direction, hope, and a safe place? My desire is that counseling will be that safe place you are looking for.
These specializations include depression, anxiety, panic, life adjustments/transitions, grief/loss, the social and emotional struggles of the academically gifted, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and adoption issues.
I have a passion for and 12 years of experience counseling clients who are struggling with anxiety, depression, panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder, grief/loss, infertility issues, and life adjustments/transition. Are you at a time in your life where you need direction, hope, and a safe place? My desire is that counseling will be that safe place you are looking for.
(614) 344-0545 View (614) 344-0545
Photo of Nicole Flores-McCune, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nicole Flores-McCune
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Bowling Green, OH 43402
I am trained as a Functional Family Therapist and have a certification in adoption issues from Rutgers University.
I enjoy working with people in all stages of life and have a broad range of treatment approaches depending on individual need. I believe that relationships with others and one’s own physical well-being are vital considerations when helping people reach the highest level of satisfaction with life.
I am trained as a Functional Family Therapist and have a certification in adoption issues from Rutgers University.
I enjoy working with people in all stages of life and have a broad range of treatment approaches depending on individual need. I believe that relationships with others and one’s own physical well-being are vital considerations when helping people reach the highest level of satisfaction with life.
(419) 827-3889 View (419) 827-3889
Photo of Jade Flowers, MA, IMFT, ATR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jade Flowers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220  (Online Only)
Everyone feels stuck at times and unsure what to do. I believe that with the right help you can make the changes you need so that a new path can be discovered. My passion is to work along side individuals, families, adolescents, children, and parents to help create this new path. I specialize in Marriage & Family Therapy and Art Therapy. I work with those dealing with past or current trauma, family issues, youth, emotional hardships, life transitions, divorce, parenting challenges, depression, anxiety, addiction, adoption, and behavior issues just to name a few.
Everyone feels stuck at times and unsure what to do. I believe that with the right help you can make the changes you need so that a new path can be discovered. My passion is to work along side individuals, families, adolescents, children, and parents to help create this new path. I specialize in Marriage & Family Therapy and Art Therapy. I work with those dealing with past or current trauma, family issues, youth, emotional hardships, life transitions, divorce, parenting challenges, depression, anxiety, addiction, adoption, and behavior issues just to name a few.
(380) 204-9049 View (380) 204-9049
Photo of Lynda Lee Fenner, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynda Lee Fenner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Dayton, OH 45420
Over the years I have worked with clients of all backgrounds and issues. I believe you are the most important person who walks into my office. I believe your experience in therapy should be helpful and that you feel you are treated with the dignity and respect you deserve. Our building a relationship is important in this process. You are the leader in managing your treatment and my job is to listen and follow your lead. For many families, adoption was an option to building that family. As a parent of nine adopted children who are now adults, I appreciate the special challenges we have faced.
Over the years I have worked with clients of all backgrounds and issues. I believe you are the most important person who walks into my office. I believe your experience in therapy should be helpful and that you feel you are treated with the dignity and respect you deserve. Our building a relationship is important in this process. You are the leader in managing your treatment and my job is to listen and follow your lead. For many families, adoption was an option to building that family. As a parent of nine adopted children who are now adults, I appreciate the special challenges we have faced.
(937) 468-3171 View (937) 468-3171
Photo of Carla Tamplin, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carla Tamplin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Springfield, OH 45506  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with parenthood? Maybe that means having difficulty achieving/maintaining pregnancy, or struggling with a postpartum transition. Our society does not always give women and families the support they need to thrive, or a safe place to talk about issues such as miscarriage, birth trauma or infant loss. I want to be that safe place. Issues such as infertility, postpartum depression or anxiety and adoption can make what should be a joyful time into one of the most difficult times of one's life instead. I would be honored to walk with you in creating the family you want and becoming the best parent you can be!
Are you struggling with parenthood? Maybe that means having difficulty achieving/maintaining pregnancy, or struggling with a postpartum transition. Our society does not always give women and families the support they need to thrive, or a safe place to talk about issues such as miscarriage, birth trauma or infant loss. I want to be that safe place. Issues such as infertility, postpartum depression or anxiety and adoption can make what should be a joyful time into one of the most difficult times of one's life instead. I would be honored to walk with you in creating the family you want and becoming the best parent you can be!
(937) 828-4639 View (937) 828-4639
Photo of Kelsie A Salmen, PsyD, Psychologist
Kelsie A Salmen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
She has special expertise in depression, anxiety, child and adolescent issues, the LGBTQ+ community, adoption and foster care, and behavior management or other parenting concerns.
Dr. Salmen's approach to therapy is one that places great value on the therapeutic relationship. When a strong and trusting working relationship is built, clients are able to feel safe to express themselves, share their fears, celebrate their successes, and set important and attainable goals. Dr. Salmen's therapeutic style is a blend of techniques, which can be tailored to fit each client's unique needs. These techniques include psychodynamic psychotherapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and interpersonal and relational approaches.
She has special expertise in depression, anxiety, child and adolescent issues, the LGBTQ+ community, adoption and foster care, and behavior management or other parenting concerns.
Dr. Salmen's approach to therapy is one that places great value on the therapeutic relationship. When a strong and trusting working relationship is built, clients are able to feel safe to express themselves, share their fears, celebrate their successes, and set important and attainable goals. Dr. Salmen's therapeutic style is a blend of techniques, which can be tailored to fit each client's unique needs. These techniques include psychodynamic psychotherapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and interpersonal and relational approaches.
(614) 930-6249 View (614) 930-6249
Photo of Monika Zoretic, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Monika Zoretic
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43219
I am experienced helping people with eating disorders, mood disorders (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), trauma, and PTSD. Adoption and blended family problems are also close to my heart and I enjoy helping others in these areas. I am Star Behavioral Health Tier 2 trained and have lived the military life as a spouse of a career Marine. I work with those aged 5 and older. If you need someone who can really listen to you and help you figure out how to change your life for the better, I can help you.
I am experienced helping people with eating disorders, mood disorders (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), trauma, and PTSD. Adoption and blended family problems are also close to my heart and I enjoy helping others in these areas. I am Star Behavioral Health Tier 2 trained and have lived the military life as a spouse of a career Marine. I work with those aged 5 and older. If you need someone who can really listen to you and help you figure out how to change your life for the better, I can help you.
(614) 441-9988 View (614) 441-9988
Photo of Nicki A Sherman - Co-Pilot Counseling, LLC, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC-S, Counselor
Co-Pilot Counseling, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC-S
Verified Verified
Oak Harbor, OH 43449
At Co-Pilot Counseling, we believe healing is possible from: depression, anger, anxiety, grief, abuse/trauma, adoption/attachment issues, and all types of addiction. Nicki Sherman founded Co-Pilot in 2003 and today we are a group of experienced counselors who are in-network with most commercial insurances, Ohio medicaid, and EAP companies. We schedule your first appointment asap, offer evening sessions, and file insurance claims for you. As clinical supervisor, Nicki ensures that all counselors provide quality care close to home.
At Co-Pilot Counseling, we believe healing is possible from: depression, anger, anxiety, grief, abuse/trauma, adoption/attachment issues, and all types of addiction. Nicki Sherman founded Co-Pilot in 2003 and today we are a group of experienced counselors who are in-network with most commercial insurances, Ohio medicaid, and EAP companies. We schedule your first appointment asap, offer evening sessions, and file insurance claims for you. As clinical supervisor, Nicki ensures that all counselors provide quality care close to home.
(419) 492-8673 View (419) 492-8673
Photo of Beth Pilous-Smith, PhD, LPCC-S, Counselor
Beth Pilous-Smith
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
While I have worked with clients with multiple therapeutic issues, I have spent many years specifically assisting clients with issues related to trauma, adoption, educational needs, attachment, divorce, parenting concerns, and mood disorders.
My name is Beth Pilous-Smith (Licensed in OHIO). As a therapist, I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of repairing/resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel supported and heard.
While I have worked with clients with multiple therapeutic issues, I have spent many years specifically assisting clients with issues related to trauma, adoption, educational needs, attachment, divorce, parenting concerns, and mood disorders.
My name is Beth Pilous-Smith (Licensed in OHIO). As a therapist, I am passionate about empowering individuals. I aim to join you in successfully reaching your goals of repairing/resolving conflicts, lessening distress and emotional pain, solving problems, and enhancing your overall well-being. I work hard to create a safe, calm place where my clients feel supported and heard.
(440) 588-8254 View (440) 588-8254
Photo of Jonathon Jeffrey Cavanagh, MDiv, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jonathon Jeffrey Cavanagh
Pre-Licensed Professional, MDiv
Verified Verified
Perrysburg, OH 43551
Life is complicated and we all need trusted and competent people to walk alongside of us regularly. Our lives are full of both challenges and opportunities and our mental health can be both. Trust me to walk alongside you in your mental and emotional challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, loss and grief, negotiating life transitions, addictions, the struggles of competitive athletes, adoption, and trauma. I'll help you navigate the challenges you're facing and discern the next right step. My desire is to help you experience hope in life along with connection and encouragement in the healing process.
Life is complicated and we all need trusted and competent people to walk alongside of us regularly. Our lives are full of both challenges and opportunities and our mental health can be both. Trust me to walk alongside you in your mental and emotional challenges such as anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, loss and grief, negotiating life transitions, addictions, the struggles of competitive athletes, adoption, and trauma. I'll help you navigate the challenges you're facing and discern the next right step. My desire is to help you experience hope in life along with connection and encouragement in the healing process.
(419) 964-4207 View (419) 964-4207
Photo of Heather Gonzales - Encomopass Adoptees, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Encomopass Adoptees
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43204
At Encompass Adoptees we specialize in serving families with unique needs related to adoption/foster/kinship care and/or donor conceived hardships, working with those navigating trauma, grief, adverse childhood experiences, attachment injury, and loss/separation from a parent due to death, divorce, or deportation. We take a person-centered and strengths based approach with a trauma and attachment focus. Therapists have personal experience as and adoptee/foster/kinshipped, and/or donor conceived person, and We work along side the client/family to start where you are, and create a plan unique to your specific needs.
At Encompass Adoptees we specialize in serving families with unique needs related to adoption/foster/kinship care and/or donor conceived hardships, working with those navigating trauma, grief, adverse childhood experiences, attachment injury, and loss/separation from a parent due to death, divorce, or deportation. We take a person-centered and strengths based approach with a trauma and attachment focus. Therapists have personal experience as and adoptee/foster/kinshipped, and/or donor conceived person, and We work along side the client/family to start where you are, and create a plan unique to your specific needs.
(614) 721-4578 View (614) 721-4578

See more therapy options for Sidney

Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.