Therapists in 96137

Photo of Lynn S Kuttnauer, Psychologist, PhD
Lynn S Kuttnauer
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
We all have aspects of ourselves of which we are aware as well as aspects of ourselves that are not in our awareness because they make us uncomfortable. These conflicts get expressed in symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, feeling stuck in repeating unwanted patterns of behavior and unfulfilling relationships. These experiences can lead to a sense of hopelessness or shame. It is not necessary to live the rest of your life feeling unhappy, hopeless. My thirty years of experience helping people understand those thoughts and beliefs that have kept them in distressful patterns has shown me that there is always hope for someone in pain.
We all have aspects of ourselves of which we are aware as well as aspects of ourselves that are not in our awareness because they make us uncomfortable. These conflicts get expressed in symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, feeling stuck in repeating unwanted patterns of behavior and unfulfilling relationships. These experiences can lead to a sense of hopelessness or shame. It is not necessary to live the rest of your life feeling unhappy, hopeless. My thirty years of experience helping people understand those thoughts and beliefs that have kept them in distressful patterns has shown me that there is always hope for someone in pain.
(248) 721-4228 View (248) 721-4228
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Serves Area
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, broken relationships, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, financial recklessness, and gambling. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(213) 371-9059 View (213) 371-9059
Photo of Gabriella Azzam, Psychologist, PsyD
Gabriella Azzam
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Is a lack of intimacy or stress in your relationship causing you to feel disconnected as a couple? Do you have a hard time feeling heard and seen in your partnership? Are you worried that you’re no longer on the same page about the goals, values, and visions you once shared together? Has one, or maybe even both, of you been unfaithful in your relationship? Sometimes life has a way of getting between us and our partners, leading us to turn away from—instead of towards—one another. Common obstacles like career stress, parenting, and significant life transitions can take up a lot of space in our lives without ample room to connect.
Is a lack of intimacy or stress in your relationship causing you to feel disconnected as a couple? Do you have a hard time feeling heard and seen in your partnership? Are you worried that you’re no longer on the same page about the goals, values, and visions you once shared together? Has one, or maybe even both, of you been unfaithful in your relationship? Sometimes life has a way of getting between us and our partners, leading us to turn away from—instead of towards—one another. Common obstacles like career stress, parenting, and significant life transitions can take up a lot of space in our lives without ample room to connect.
(424) 349-5416 View (424) 349-5416
Photo of Minoo Shilati, Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Minoo Shilati
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Serves Area
The privilege of working with clients is the way each individual strength and barrier is presented in a session. An ideal client is one who is open to the therapeutic process and recognizes the art of healing through time, directed interventions and collaboration. Therapy and the therapist are tools, meant to magnify your process and highlight the route in feeling cared for and attended to with me. I do not require the "perfect" client, I seek the curious wonderment that recognizes the wisdom in their pain but open to the hope in their heart.
The privilege of working with clients is the way each individual strength and barrier is presented in a session. An ideal client is one who is open to the therapeutic process and recognizes the art of healing through time, directed interventions and collaboration. Therapy and the therapist are tools, meant to magnify your process and highlight the route in feeling cared for and attended to with me. I do not require the "perfect" client, I seek the curious wonderment that recognizes the wisdom in their pain but open to the hope in their heart.
(805) 719-7509 View (805) 719-7509
Photo of Luca Bosurgi, DHyp, LCCH, MSBH, CH
Luca Bosurgi
Verified Verified
Serves Area
You may feel anxious, emotionally reactive, or internally unsettled, even though you are thoughtful, capable, and self-aware. You might notice repeating patterns in relationships, difficulty feeling emotionally grounded, or a sense that you rely too much on reassurance or external validation. Perhaps you’ve done therapy or personal growth work and gained insight, yet still feel stuck. What you want is not to be fixed, but to feel calmer inside yourself — more stable, confident, and able to navigate life and relationships with clarity and self-trust.
You may feel anxious, emotionally reactive, or internally unsettled, even though you are thoughtful, capable, and self-aware. You might notice repeating patterns in relationships, difficulty feeling emotionally grounded, or a sense that you rely too much on reassurance or external validation. Perhaps you’ve done therapy or personal growth work and gained insight, yet still feel stuck. What you want is not to be fixed, but to feel calmer inside yourself — more stable, confident, and able to navigate life and relationships with clarity and self-trust.
(352) 839-4199 View (352) 839-4199
Photo of Dave Hunter Fein, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Dave Hunter Fein
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Serves Area
I am a registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT 117039 ), working under the supervision of Cristy Pareti, PsyD, LMFT. I earned my Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology at Pepperdine University and received my Bachelors Degree from Emerson College. My Clinical experience includes working with individuals whom struggle with anxiety, depression, life skills, substance abuse, eating disorders, trauma and interpersonal relationship difficulties.My modality is a mixture of of many psychological techniques as well as creative skills. This includes a blend of existentialism, mindfulness, humor, art and behavioral skills.
I am a registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist (AMFT 117039 ), working under the supervision of Cristy Pareti, PsyD, LMFT. I earned my Master’s Degree in Clinical Psychology at Pepperdine University and received my Bachelors Degree from Emerson College. My Clinical experience includes working with individuals whom struggle with anxiety, depression, life skills, substance abuse, eating disorders, trauma and interpersonal relationship difficulties.My modality is a mixture of of many psychological techniques as well as creative skills. This includes a blend of existentialism, mindfulness, humor, art and behavioral skills.
(475) 234-0201 View (475) 234-0201
Photo of Jessica McIntyre, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CHT
Jessica McIntyre
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, CHT
Serves Area
Life can present many challenges. Most of the time, we can successfully handle the trials and tribulations of daily living; but occasionally we get overwhelmed. To help cope and feel much better, we consult a professional who sorts and sheds light on the elements that caused these challenges. In the process, we talk about how we feel and why we feel the way we do. Most importantly, we learn to successfully handle the initiating emotional triggers in a way such that the resultant problems no longer arise. My Los Angeles therapy practice is dediated to being that caring professional.
Life can present many challenges. Most of the time, we can successfully handle the trials and tribulations of daily living; but occasionally we get overwhelmed. To help cope and feel much better, we consult a professional who sorts and sheds light on the elements that caused these challenges. In the process, we talk about how we feel and why we feel the way we do. Most importantly, we learn to successfully handle the initiating emotional triggers in a way such that the resultant problems no longer arise. My Los Angeles therapy practice is dediated to being that caring professional.
(310) 773-3671 View (310) 773-3671
Photo of Linda Epstein-Graval - Linda Epstein-Graval, M.A., LMFT, MA, LMFT
Linda Epstein-Graval, M.A., LMFT
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Anxiety and depression are easy words to use, experiencing either can halt your ability to move on with simple to more complex life challenges. Trying harder is not the answer, when you find yourself in transition, due to a major loss, acting out family members or serious medical and financial challenges. What you need is an advocate. Additionally with a deep understanding of what it means to be in or have been in a Narcissistic relationship the recovery from possibly years of abuse, requires the help of a professional who can help you see the patterns of narcissism, and unravel the damage it has done to you,
Anxiety and depression are easy words to use, experiencing either can halt your ability to move on with simple to more complex life challenges. Trying harder is not the answer, when you find yourself in transition, due to a major loss, acting out family members or serious medical and financial challenges. What you need is an advocate. Additionally with a deep understanding of what it means to be in or have been in a Narcissistic relationship the recovery from possibly years of abuse, requires the help of a professional who can help you see the patterns of narcissism, and unravel the damage it has done to you,
(951) 977-4844 View (951) 977-4844
David R Kauss
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
I have a general clinical practice and enjoy working with adults and teenagers faced with problems of living, such as relationships, anxiety, depression, and the like. I enjoy working with couples. I have a particular specialty in the area of performance issues, including sports, creative arts, business, and academics. I try to be flexible about fees and practical about solutions that can work within people's lives. I encourage people to talk with several potential therapists and to choose someone who feels right for you.
I have a general clinical practice and enjoy working with adults and teenagers faced with problems of living, such as relationships, anxiety, depression, and the like. I enjoy working with couples. I have a particular specialty in the area of performance issues, including sports, creative arts, business, and academics. I try to be flexible about fees and practical about solutions that can work within people's lives. I encourage people to talk with several potential therapists and to choose someone who feels right for you.
(424) 250-2700 View (424) 250-2700
Photo of Lisa Waldman - Lisa Waldman, LCSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Lisa Waldman, LCSW, MPH
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Serves Area
Seeking help is a sign of self-awareness & readiness for change. Perhaps you're feeling out control with emotional pain, behavior, or relationships. You may be dealing with chronic health issues involving physical pain & psychological symptoms. As a therapist, health educator, pain specialist for 30 + yrs, I offer compassion & collaboration to help you overcome unhealthy patterns, depression, anxiety, somatic (pain) symptoms, poor self-image, or grief in a safe and nonjudgmental space. Together we will explore the root causes of symptoms, help you identify counterproductive patterns and develop healthy new healthy coping strategies.
Seeking help is a sign of self-awareness & readiness for change. Perhaps you're feeling out control with emotional pain, behavior, or relationships. You may be dealing with chronic health issues involving physical pain & psychological symptoms. As a therapist, health educator, pain specialist for 30 + yrs, I offer compassion & collaboration to help you overcome unhealthy patterns, depression, anxiety, somatic (pain) symptoms, poor self-image, or grief in a safe and nonjudgmental space. Together we will explore the root causes of symptoms, help you identify counterproductive patterns and develop healthy new healthy coping strategies.
(424) 888-7826 View (424) 888-7826
Photo of Seth Schulweis, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Seth Schulweis
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 32 years experience helping clients through life transitions. I bring good judgment and experience to the challenges that accompany such transitions and personal crises. I am a problem-solver and specialize in periods of change so that you are at your best as you work to achieve your goals. If you are seeking supportive, safe and productive therapy for yourself or someone in your family, I am ready to meet, talk and help. My practice focuses on transitions facing adults, adolescents, and children, as well as working with families and teams.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 32 years experience helping clients through life transitions. I bring good judgment and experience to the challenges that accompany such transitions and personal crises. I am a problem-solver and specialize in periods of change so that you are at your best as you work to achieve your goals. If you are seeking supportive, safe and productive therapy for yourself or someone in your family, I am ready to meet, talk and help. My practice focuses on transitions facing adults, adolescents, and children, as well as working with families and teams.
(310) 589-3994 View (310) 589-3994
Photo of Michael Keesey, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Michael Keesey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
17 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal client struggles with low self-esteem, self-doubt, and negative self-talk, often rooted in past experiences. These internal blocks keep them from reaching their potential in personal, professional, or creative areas. They deeply desire to feel empowered, build confidence, and take meaningful action toward their goals. They seek support to overcome limiting beliefs, develop resilience, and create a life they feel proud of—one where they trust themselves and feel in control.
My ideal client struggles with low self-esteem, self-doubt, and negative self-talk, often rooted in past experiences. These internal blocks keep them from reaching their potential in personal, professional, or creative areas. They deeply desire to feel empowered, build confidence, and take meaningful action toward their goals. They seek support to overcome limiting beliefs, develop resilience, and create a life they feel proud of—one where they trust themselves and feel in control.
(925) 267-6286 View (925) 267-6286
Photo of Dr. Danielle Esses, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Danielle Esses
Psychologist, PsyD
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome. I help adults and teens who feel anxious, depressed, emotionally overwhelmed, or stuck in unfulfilling relationship patterns (overthinking, pulling away, people-pleasing, or feeling disconnected). Many people I work with are thoughtful and self-aware, yet feel unsettled in ways that are hard to name. Some notice themselves repeating ineffective patterns, even when they understand those patterns don’t serve them. Drawing from advanced training, I use an approach that's DBT-informed and relational to help people clarify what’s really bothering them and make meaningful, values-aligned changes.
Welcome. I help adults and teens who feel anxious, depressed, emotionally overwhelmed, or stuck in unfulfilling relationship patterns (overthinking, pulling away, people-pleasing, or feeling disconnected). Many people I work with are thoughtful and self-aware, yet feel unsettled in ways that are hard to name. Some notice themselves repeating ineffective patterns, even when they understand those patterns don’t serve them. Drawing from advanced training, I use an approach that's DBT-informed and relational to help people clarify what’s really bothering them and make meaningful, values-aligned changes.
(646) 450-8255 View (646) 450-8255
Photo of Jacqueline Amin, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jacqueline Amin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
It takes courage to take steps towards clarity around your emotional and mental wellbeing. I use a compassionate, trauma-informed approach to create a safe and supportive environment that will help you develop inner strength. With this, you will be empowered with the tools to gain greater awareness into your past and take back control of your life.
It takes courage to take steps towards clarity around your emotional and mental wellbeing. I use a compassionate, trauma-informed approach to create a safe and supportive environment that will help you develop inner strength. With this, you will be empowered with the tools to gain greater awareness into your past and take back control of your life.
(424) 384-1538 View (424) 384-1538
Photo of Paul Backlund, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA , AMFT
Paul Backlund
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA , AMFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Owning our story can be hard but not nearly as difficult as spending our lives running from it. So why therapy now? What are your hopes and dreams for the future? Problems only survive when they are supported by particular beliefs and principles. This can feel like a relentless need to escape a moment that never ends. Exploring the details and effects of these obstacles will help lead to different outcomes not yet discovered.
Owning our story can be hard but not nearly as difficult as spending our lives running from it. So why therapy now? What are your hopes and dreams for the future? Problems only survive when they are supported by particular beliefs and principles. This can feel like a relentless need to escape a moment that never ends. Exploring the details and effects of these obstacles will help lead to different outcomes not yet discovered.
(323) 768-0535 View (323) 768-0535
Photo of Trish Becker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Trish Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Hello and welcome! My first priority when working w/ an individual is creating a safe space by helping them feel heard and understood without judgment. Once this environment is established, I focus on supporting a client's feelings, helping them reach new insights and acquire skills so they may be more comfortable and effective in their lives. I strive to guide the client toward solutions and to help them meet the goals they have for the therapy.
Hello and welcome! My first priority when working w/ an individual is creating a safe space by helping them feel heard and understood without judgment. Once this environment is established, I focus on supporting a client's feelings, helping them reach new insights and acquire skills so they may be more comfortable and effective in their lives. I strive to guide the client toward solutions and to help them meet the goals they have for the therapy.
(424) 352-8533 View (424) 352-8533
Photo of Carla Garrett, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Carla Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Serves Area
I consider it an honor and privilege to work with my clients and share in their quest for growth. My first goal with you is to build an authentic and trusting relationship in which your privacy and individuality are respected. Together we will identify and discuss areas of your life you want to reflect on, clarify, strengthen, and change. There may be relationship patterns that are interfering with your development and well- being. My professional style includes being interactive with my client and offering feedback.I particular enjoy and am effective working with people wanting to break addictive/compulsive patterns.
I consider it an honor and privilege to work with my clients and share in their quest for growth. My first goal with you is to build an authentic and trusting relationship in which your privacy and individuality are respected. Together we will identify and discuss areas of your life you want to reflect on, clarify, strengthen, and change. There may be relationship patterns that are interfering with your development and well- being. My professional style includes being interactive with my client and offering feedback.I particular enjoy and am effective working with people wanting to break addictive/compulsive patterns.
(424) 294-8539 View (424) 294-8539
Photo of Ruth Avalos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ruth Avalos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I use an empathic, nonjudgemental, and strengths-based approach to therapy with my clients. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who struggle with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, trauma, self-harm, disordered eating behaviors, and relationship difficulties. My approach is collaborative, so that we can work together to reach your goals that are most important to you. Our individual sessions may include homework to increase practice with skills/strategies.
I use an empathic, nonjudgemental, and strengths-based approach to therapy with my clients. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who struggle with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, trauma, self-harm, disordered eating behaviors, and relationship difficulties. My approach is collaborative, so that we can work together to reach your goals that are most important to you. Our individual sessions may include homework to increase practice with skills/strategies.
(323) 900-5071 View (323) 900-5071
Photo of Britt Eden Morrissey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Britt Eden Morrissey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I am a psychotherapist with nearly 20 years of experience providing quality mental health care for clients of all ages. Are you experiencing symptoms of depression such as feelings of hopelessness, tearfulness, or an inability to enjoy daily life? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, worry, or intermittent panic attacks? Do you have a history of trauma that haunts your dreams and affects your relationships? Has your child experienced trauma that is impacting his or her mood or school performance? Has family stress taken a toll on your children, your marriage, or yourself?
I am a psychotherapist with nearly 20 years of experience providing quality mental health care for clients of all ages. Are you experiencing symptoms of depression such as feelings of hopelessness, tearfulness, or an inability to enjoy daily life? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, worry, or intermittent panic attacks? Do you have a history of trauma that haunts your dreams and affects your relationships? Has your child experienced trauma that is impacting his or her mood or school performance? Has family stress taken a toll on your children, your marriage, or yourself?
(424) 375-7957 View (424) 375-7957
Photo of Joel Becker - Cognitive Behavior Associates, Psychologist, PhD
Cognitive Behavior Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
Our practice, Cognitive Behavior Associates, is one of the largest CBT practices in Southern California. All of our clinicians are trained in and practice the most up-to-date, empirically supported treatments. Although all of our clinicians have familarity with "manualized" treatments, we treat each client individually so as to maximize the fit between client and treatment.
Our practice, Cognitive Behavior Associates, is one of the largest CBT practices in Southern California. All of our clinicians are trained in and practice the most up-to-date, empirically supported treatments. Although all of our clinicians have familarity with "manualized" treatments, we treat each client individually so as to maximize the fit between client and treatment.
(323) 498-3665 View (323) 498-3665

See more therapy options for 96137

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 96137

50+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 96137 who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
95% Relationship Issues
89% Depression
82% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
71% Marriage Counseling
64% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth
50% Anthem

How Therapists in 96137 see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 96137?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.