Photo of Toshanika Kennington, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Toshanika Kennington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
I am Toshanika M. Kennington, a compassionate Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience in the field. I am committed to empowering individuals, adolescents/teenagers, and couples to heal and thrive. My philosophy resonates deeply with the essence of healing and compassion. Healing the inner self is a profound journey—one that requires courage, vulnerability, and understanding. My expertise lies in the assessment and treatment of adults, sexual trauma survivors, and trauma-focused interventions.
I am Toshanika M. Kennington, a compassionate Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 20 years of experience in the field. I am committed to empowering individuals, adolescents/teenagers, and couples to heal and thrive. My philosophy resonates deeply with the essence of healing and compassion. Healing the inner self is a profound journey—one that requires courage, vulnerability, and understanding. My expertise lies in the assessment and treatment of adults, sexual trauma survivors, and trauma-focused interventions.
(682) 327-1041 View (682) 327-1041
Photo of Sharon Rhonda Fulcher-Estes - The Vine Counseling & Wellness, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Vine Counseling & Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Sharon Fulcher-Estes is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor, Advanced Certified Trauma Practitioner and EMDR Trained. Mrs. Fulcher-Estes’ goal is to help individuals discover their purpose and strengths which leads to developing healthy relationships, attitudes and environments that flourish. Her clinical experience includes working with trauma and loss, children and adolescents, stress, work-related struggles, pre-marital, marriage, parenting, anger, anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, sexual abuse, and women’s issues. She enjoys working with individuals, couples and families.
Sharon Fulcher-Estes is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor, Advanced Certified Trauma Practitioner and EMDR Trained. Mrs. Fulcher-Estes’ goal is to help individuals discover their purpose and strengths which leads to developing healthy relationships, attitudes and environments that flourish. Her clinical experience includes working with trauma and loss, children and adolescents, stress, work-related struggles, pre-marital, marriage, parenting, anger, anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, sexual abuse, and women’s issues. She enjoys working with individuals, couples and families.
(817) 497-8993 View (817) 497-8993
Photo of Elvira Jasarevic, DO
Elvira Jasarevic
DO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
My ideal client faces challenges such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, or insomnia. They seek a compassionate, understanding approach to their mental health, needing personalized strategies to manage their symptoms and improve their daily lives. Their goals include achieving emotional stability, enhancing their overall well-being, and developing effective coping mechanisms. They want to feel heard and supported, aiming to regain control and build resilience for a fulfilling and balanced life.
My ideal client faces challenges such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, or insomnia. They seek a compassionate, understanding approach to their mental health, needing personalized strategies to manage their symptoms and improve their daily lives. Their goals include achieving emotional stability, enhancing their overall well-being, and developing effective coping mechanisms. They want to feel heard and supported, aiming to regain control and build resilience for a fulfilling and balanced life.
(817) 482-0966 View (817) 482-0966
Photo of Justin Harris, LPC, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Justin Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Making the decision to come to counseling can be a difficult one. I understand people face different challenges that stop them from moving forward in their lives. I am passionate about helping people with various issues including depression, anxiety, unresolved grief/loss, low self-esteem, substance use disorders, and complex trauma among many others. I believe in a patient approach and emphasize building a trusting relationship to help foster deeper reflection and personal accountability. I look forward to the honor of walking alongside you in your journey to wellness.
Making the decision to come to counseling can be a difficult one. I understand people face different challenges that stop them from moving forward in their lives. I am passionate about helping people with various issues including depression, anxiety, unresolved grief/loss, low self-esteem, substance use disorders, and complex trauma among many others. I believe in a patient approach and emphasize building a trusting relationship to help foster deeper reflection and personal accountability. I look forward to the honor of walking alongside you in your journey to wellness.
(682) 223-4841 View (682) 223-4841
Photo of Shannon Trace (Shiels), MS, LMFT-S, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shannon Trace (Shiels)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LMFT-S, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Not accepting new clients
It is common for us to get to a place in our lives where we feel stuck or unhappy. We may feel as if we are just going through the motions and find it difficult to see a brighter future. Many of times these feelings can have a negative impact on our overall health and close relationships. Fortunately, there is hope and we do not have to struggle with feeling stuck or unhappy alone.
It is common for us to get to a place in our lives where we feel stuck or unhappy. We may feel as if we are just going through the motions and find it difficult to see a brighter future. Many of times these feelings can have a negative impact on our overall health and close relationships. Fortunately, there is hope and we do not have to struggle with feeling stuck or unhappy alone.
(682) 217-1827 View (682) 217-1827
Photo of Katrina Will Colwick, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katrina Will Colwick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Our lives are filled with both joy and sadness, comforts and fears, strengths and weaknesses. At times we may feel that the negativity in our lives is more than we can handle. Those are times when seeking out counseling can provide a great benefit. It is my great pleasure to work with many people to help them achieve their goals, find comfort and peace, and live well adjusted, fulfilling lives. I am blessed to have provided services to those needing help with: childhood disorders, grief, abuse, marriage and family conflict, bullying, stress management, parenting, faith crises, premarital and many more.
Our lives are filled with both joy and sadness, comforts and fears, strengths and weaknesses. At times we may feel that the negativity in our lives is more than we can handle. Those are times when seeking out counseling can provide a great benefit. It is my great pleasure to work with many people to help them achieve their goals, find comfort and peace, and live well adjusted, fulfilling lives. I am blessed to have provided services to those needing help with: childhood disorders, grief, abuse, marriage and family conflict, bullying, stress management, parenting, faith crises, premarital and many more.
(817) 756-9684 View (817) 756-9684
Photo of Tamra White, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tamra White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
It takes courage to reach out for assistance. I acknowledge that, and welcome you to an environment that asks questions, and promotes change! In my practice, I strive to make the client feel safe, comfortable, and understood from the moment we meet. The quality of the connection between the client and the therapist is fundamental to emotional growth and genuine change. I understand that there are certain feelings, problems, relationship dynamics and behaviors that one would like to feel better about as soon as possible. My practice does not ignore one's need for change in the here and now!
It takes courage to reach out for assistance. I acknowledge that, and welcome you to an environment that asks questions, and promotes change! In my practice, I strive to make the client feel safe, comfortable, and understood from the moment we meet. The quality of the connection between the client and the therapist is fundamental to emotional growth and genuine change. I understand that there are certain feelings, problems, relationship dynamics and behaviors that one would like to feel better about as soon as possible. My practice does not ignore one's need for change in the here and now!
(940) 202-8321 View (940) 202-8321
Photo of Antonia Guerra-Watson, PhD, Psychologist
Antonia Guerra-Watson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Not accepting new clients
I currently am not accepting new therapy clients. Please check my website for future availability and upcoming changes to my practice.
I currently am not accepting new therapy clients. Please check my website for future availability and upcoming changes to my practice.
(817) 382-2896 View (817) 382-2896
Photo of Ashley Cook Rovira - Ashley Cook-Rovira, PLLC , LMFT, LPC-S, LCDC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ashley Cook-Rovira, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Are you feeling stuck by some life circumstance or feel as though you need help getting through a particularly troubling season of life? I help my clients work on their individual goals by meeting the client where they are at and working with them to find solutions to whatever issues are holding them back. I primarily work with clients struggling with trauma, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, dual-diagnoses (substance abuse in combination with other mental health diagnoses/presentations) for the past 12 years.
Are you feeling stuck by some life circumstance or feel as though you need help getting through a particularly troubling season of life? I help my clients work on their individual goals by meeting the client where they are at and working with them to find solutions to whatever issues are holding them back. I primarily work with clients struggling with trauma, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, dual-diagnoses (substance abuse in combination with other mental health diagnoses/presentations) for the past 12 years.
(817) 330-9730 View (817) 330-9730
Photo of Brenna Cleeland, MSW, LMSW
Brenna Cleeland
Licensed Master Social Worker, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Hi, I’m Brenna! My passion for mental health comes from my own wellness journey around intergenerational family trauma & mental illness. I help clients explore where they’ve been, where they are, & where they’d like to go using a holistic, mind-body approach. I have a direct, engaging style that focuses on humor & empathy to build a warm, accepting therapeutic relationship. My goal is to empower clients to tell their story while using an intersectional lens & practicing unconditional high regard. I believe each client is the expert on themselves & strive to always practice cultural humility.
Hi, I’m Brenna! My passion for mental health comes from my own wellness journey around intergenerational family trauma & mental illness. I help clients explore where they’ve been, where they are, & where they’d like to go using a holistic, mind-body approach. I have a direct, engaging style that focuses on humor & empathy to build a warm, accepting therapeutic relationship. My goal is to empower clients to tell their story while using an intersectional lens & practicing unconditional high regard. I believe each client is the expert on themselves & strive to always practice cultural humility.
(817) 752-7544 View (817) 752-7544
Photo of Kailee Rubright, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kailee Rubright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Hello! I'm Kailee and my passion for mental health work stems from my own experiences within the field. A social worker once saved me and it ignited a fire within my soul to help others who struggle with trauma, women's issues, or suicidal ideation. I am an Air Force veteran, and I am passionate about helping fellow veterans, military members, and first responders. I also work with perinatal mood & anxiety disorders. I use an eclectic approach to helping my clients as I believe there is no "one size fits all" for everyone. I strongly believe that you have the answers, sometimes you just need help finding them!
Hello! I'm Kailee and my passion for mental health work stems from my own experiences within the field. A social worker once saved me and it ignited a fire within my soul to help others who struggle with trauma, women's issues, or suicidal ideation. I am an Air Force veteran, and I am passionate about helping fellow veterans, military members, and first responders. I also work with perinatal mood & anxiety disorders. I use an eclectic approach to helping my clients as I believe there is no "one size fits all" for everyone. I strongly believe that you have the answers, sometimes you just need help finding them!
(682) 204-4695 View (682) 204-4695
Photo of Nici Richardson McFarland, PhD, MABC, LPC, , BCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nici Richardson McFarland
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MABC, LPC, BCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm Nici, and I'm glad you are here. I started Crown of Hope Counseling after six years of experience as a chaplain at a trauma level one hospital, feeling utter heartbreak at never knowing how the grieving individuals I served were coping after the immediate grief season. Grief extends far beyond the few days after loss, and I am passionate about walking with you on the journey to healing and hope. I believe in wholeheartedly continuing the legacy of the ones who have passed. Their death is not a period, but a comma— A story that continues to unfold with an abundance of love.
Hi, I'm Nici, and I'm glad you are here. I started Crown of Hope Counseling after six years of experience as a chaplain at a trauma level one hospital, feeling utter heartbreak at never knowing how the grieving individuals I served were coping after the immediate grief season. Grief extends far beyond the few days after loss, and I am passionate about walking with you on the journey to healing and hope. I believe in wholeheartedly continuing the legacy of the ones who have passed. Their death is not a period, but a comma— A story that continues to unfold with an abundance of love.
(682) 263-1586 View (682) 263-1586
Photo of Meri Rule, PhD, NCC, LPC-S, LCDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Meri Rule
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, NCC, LPC-S, LCDC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Do you feel alone and hopeless? Have crying spells and sadness? Feel like you do not deserve good things in your life? Whether you want to learn how to cope with a loss or develop healthier relationship interactions, therapy could teach you new therapeutic skills to develop and/or improve thoughts, feelings, and experiences for a more fulfilling life.
Do you feel alone and hopeless? Have crying spells and sadness? Feel like you do not deserve good things in your life? Whether you want to learn how to cope with a loss or develop healthier relationship interactions, therapy could teach you new therapeutic skills to develop and/or improve thoughts, feelings, and experiences for a more fulfilling life.
(469) 300-5246 View (469) 300-5246
Photo of Tanya Elise Alexander, LMFT-S, ATR-BC, AADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tanya Elise Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-S, ATR-BC, AADC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Everyone has a unique perspective on life based on past and present experiences. Yet we sometimes forget about our inner strengths, resources, and capabilities when faced with challenging circumstances. The stories we know, understand, and tell about ourselves have the capacity to influence our moods, thoughts, and actions. Our beliefs about these stories and the meaning we ascribe to them can sometimes hinder us. My task is to co-explore these stories and experiences with you as a means of uncovering ways to achieve hope and contentment according to your own values and preferences.
Everyone has a unique perspective on life based on past and present experiences. Yet we sometimes forget about our inner strengths, resources, and capabilities when faced with challenging circumstances. The stories we know, understand, and tell about ourselves have the capacity to influence our moods, thoughts, and actions. Our beliefs about these stories and the meaning we ascribe to them can sometimes hinder us. My task is to co-explore these stories and experiences with you as a means of uncovering ways to achieve hope and contentment according to your own values and preferences.
(682) 331-8164 View (682) 331-8164
Photo of Rachel Allen, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Hi there! As a queer person, I know how hard it is to find a therapist you feel safe to open up to. My role is to provide quality therapy in a safe, judgement-free zone. My clients often feel overwhelmed, stuck, or different and struggle with depression, anxiety, perfectionism, life stress, and trauma. Although I specialize in LGBTQ+ affirming therapy (especially with lesser-known identities such as asexual, aromantic, nonbinary, genderfluid, etc), I work with all kinds of people who simply want a better life.
Hi there! As a queer person, I know how hard it is to find a therapist you feel safe to open up to. My role is to provide quality therapy in a safe, judgement-free zone. My clients often feel overwhelmed, stuck, or different and struggle with depression, anxiety, perfectionism, life stress, and trauma. Although I specialize in LGBTQ+ affirming therapy (especially with lesser-known identities such as asexual, aromantic, nonbinary, genderfluid, etc), I work with all kinds of people who simply want a better life.
(817) 646-3863 View (817) 646-3863
Photo of Nicole Van Ness, PsyD, LMFT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Van Ness
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051  (Online Only)
My passion and specialty is working with people to build the relationships they want. Whether you struggle with low or unmatched sexual desire, problems with orgasm or ejaculation, history of trauma or abuse, anxiety or depression, relationship or intimacy issues, or some combination of these, I can help. I work from the Developmental Model of couples therapy. By incorporating a down-to-earth attitude, research on neuroscience and successful relationships, and practical tips and strategies, I will help you to identify the patterns that are helping and hurting your relationship and your sex life.
My passion and specialty is working with people to build the relationships they want. Whether you struggle with low or unmatched sexual desire, problems with orgasm or ejaculation, history of trauma or abuse, anxiety or depression, relationship or intimacy issues, or some combination of these, I can help. I work from the Developmental Model of couples therapy. By incorporating a down-to-earth attitude, research on neuroscience and successful relationships, and practical tips and strategies, I will help you to identify the patterns that are helping and hurting your relationship and your sex life.
(214) 239-0509 View (214) 239-0509
Photo of Angie Conway, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angie Conway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Valor Counseling Services is dedicated to providing quality mental health counseling to adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of obstacles including depression, anxiety, OCD, suicidal thoughts, personality disorders, trauma, parenting, LGBTQ, adoption and foster care, and dissociative disorders. Trained in EMDR, I will use this therapy approach when necessary to help heal the root cause of symptoms as well as teach practical skills necessary to respond to symptoms when they occur.
Valor Counseling Services is dedicated to providing quality mental health counseling to adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of obstacles including depression, anxiety, OCD, suicidal thoughts, personality disorders, trauma, parenting, LGBTQ, adoption and foster care, and dissociative disorders. Trained in EMDR, I will use this therapy approach when necessary to help heal the root cause of symptoms as well as teach practical skills necessary to respond to symptoms when they occur.
(817) 854-9617 View (817) 854-9617
Photo of Keara Osborn, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keara Osborn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
My counseling philosophy is grounded in the belief that every individual possesses the strength and resilience needed to overcome obstacles and create positive change. Through collaboration and empathy, I partner with clients to identify their unique strengths and develop strategies to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. I work with clients of all ages, children through adulthood. I have experience working with children through life-transitions and daily struggles as well as adults and families overcoming obstacles and life stressors.
My counseling philosophy is grounded in the belief that every individual possesses the strength and resilience needed to overcome obstacles and create positive change. Through collaboration and empathy, I partner with clients to identify their unique strengths and develop strategies to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, and more. I work with clients of all ages, children through adulthood. I have experience working with children through life-transitions and daily struggles as well as adults and families overcoming obstacles and life stressors.
(817) 663-2657 View (817) 663-2657
Photo of M. Joseph Koos, LPC, Gottman, Licensed Professional Counselor
M. Joseph Koos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, Gottman
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
Do you struggle with alcohol, drugs, gambling or other compulsive behaviors? Are you facing difficult challenges in your relationships? Struggling with the loss of a loved one? I can help and we can address your issues together. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, with more than a decade of experience, I help my clients facilitate personal growth by using proven therapy techniques for individuals and couples. Together, we can discover empowering alternatives and solutions for problems by gaining awareness into their origins.
Do you struggle with alcohol, drugs, gambling or other compulsive behaviors? Are you facing difficult challenges in your relationships? Struggling with the loss of a loved one? I can help and we can address your issues together. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, with more than a decade of experience, I help my clients facilitate personal growth by using proven therapy techniques for individuals and couples. Together, we can discover empowering alternatives and solutions for problems by gaining awareness into their origins.
(817) 717-4516 View (817) 717-4516
Photo of Rebecca Treske, MMFT, LPC-A
Rebecca Treske
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MMFT, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
My commitment lies in creating a welcoming and safe environment to foster continued healing and growth. I firmly believe that compassion best enables healing, where individuals feel seen, heard, and valued. And growth often thrives in the context of challenge. That's why, alongside offering compassion and comfort, I also believe in providing spaces that challenge and inspire individuals to reach their fullest potential.
My commitment lies in creating a welcoming and safe environment to foster continued healing and growth. I firmly believe that compassion best enables healing, where individuals feel seen, heard, and valued. And growth often thrives in the context of challenge. That's why, alongside offering compassion and comfort, I also believe in providing spaces that challenge and inspire individuals to reach their fullest potential.
(682) 382-9221 View (682) 382-9221
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 76051

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 76051 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
70% Grief
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
77% Cigna and Evernorth
71% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 76051 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 76051?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.