Photo of Sergio R Ziad, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sergio R Ziad
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
Sometimes life feels like it’s going in the right direction, and at times it throws a few unexpected twists and turns our way. When that happens, we can find ourselves feeling stressed, irritable, frustrated, sad, and maybe even scared. We may find it difficult to share these with others, feeling as if no one will understand. On the other hand, life might feel like it’s going great, but there’s still those changes that you might want to make but are just unsure of how to go about it. Although life can be so different for so many, the great thing is that it doesn’t have to be dealt with alone.
Sometimes life feels like it’s going in the right direction, and at times it throws a few unexpected twists and turns our way. When that happens, we can find ourselves feeling stressed, irritable, frustrated, sad, and maybe even scared. We may find it difficult to share these with others, feeling as if no one will understand. On the other hand, life might feel like it’s going great, but there’s still those changes that you might want to make but are just unsure of how to go about it. Although life can be so different for so many, the great thing is that it doesn’t have to be dealt with alone.
(316) 348-4168 View (316) 348-4168
Photo of Andrea L Kasper-Doggett, LSCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea L Kasper-Doggett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
I believe services related to mental health should be as normal and attainable as those related to physical health. Science, with a personal and creative flair, should drive these services. I completed a MSW, with a concentration in mental health, from Washington University in St. Louis. During this time I was able to specialize my education and training experience to best fit the role of a mental health therapist. I am able to work with individuals ranging from five years and up, and can address most mental health needs by utilizing a variety of practice models. The role of trauma and traumatic stress is a special area of practice.
I believe services related to mental health should be as normal and attainable as those related to physical health. Science, with a personal and creative flair, should drive these services. I completed a MSW, with a concentration in mental health, from Washington University in St. Louis. During this time I was able to specialize my education and training experience to best fit the role of a mental health therapist. I am able to work with individuals ranging from five years and up, and can address most mental health needs by utilizing a variety of practice models. The role of trauma and traumatic stress is a special area of practice.
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Photo of LaSheena Barnes, PhD, LP, Psychologist
LaSheena Barnes
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
LaSheena is a Psychologist who welcomes the opportunity to assist individuals, couples, and families in overcoming life's various hurdles. She has experience with providing therapy for people from all walks of life, ages 4 and up. She has extensive experience with treating depression and behavioral concerns in children and adolescents, as well as concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship problems, trauma, bipolar disorder, and more severe concerns in adults.In addition to therapy services, LaSheena also does psychological evaluations for a number of different concerns, such as autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, etc.
LaSheena is a Psychologist who welcomes the opportunity to assist individuals, couples, and families in overcoming life's various hurdles. She has experience with providing therapy for people from all walks of life, ages 4 and up. She has extensive experience with treating depression and behavioral concerns in children and adolescents, as well as concerns such as anxiety, depression, relationship problems, trauma, bipolar disorder, and more severe concerns in adults.In addition to therapy services, LaSheena also does psychological evaluations for a number of different concerns, such as autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, etc.
(316) 444-4995 View (316) 444-4995
Photo of Jessica Zavala, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Zavala
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
I enjoy working with teens, adults, and couples. My role in the therapeutic relationship is to support the client in creating and achieving manageable goals that improve well-being. As a clinician, I walk alongside my clients in identifying distorted ways of thinking and ways to cope with difficult situations in a healthy manner.
I enjoy working with teens, adults, and couples. My role in the therapeutic relationship is to support the client in creating and achieving manageable goals that improve well-being. As a clinician, I walk alongside my clients in identifying distorted ways of thinking and ways to cope with difficult situations in a healthy manner.
(316) 333-5448 View (316) 333-5448
Photo of Li Wang, LPC-T, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Li Wang
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-T, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
Hi, I am Li Wang. I am committed to offering a person-centered approach that fosters empathy and understanding. With training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, Solution-focused Therapy, techniques from play therapy, and more, I strive to create a supportive environment where clients feel valued and empowered. My passion for working with diverse populations is evident in my culturally responsive approach, which honors and celebrates individual experiences.
Hi, I am Li Wang. I am committed to offering a person-centered approach that fosters empathy and understanding. With training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, Solution-focused Therapy, techniques from play therapy, and more, I strive to create a supportive environment where clients feel valued and empowered. My passion for working with diverse populations is evident in my culturally responsive approach, which honors and celebrates individual experiences.
(316) 766-6091 View (316) 766-6091
Photo of Richard Griff, PsyD, Psychologist
Richard Griff
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202  (Online Only)
Dr. Griff is a licensed Clinical Psychologist with a specialization in Sports/Performance Psychology as well as an additional specialization in Trauma Psychology. Dr. Griff offers individual, family, child, and couple therapies in his group practice. He also offers health psychological and sports psychological services. Furthermore, Dr. Griff can provide psychological services to first responders, law enforcement, and military. He has experienced in providing a multitude of services as he was trained by the United Nations and has worked with the US military and professional athletes.
Dr. Griff is a licensed Clinical Psychologist with a specialization in Sports/Performance Psychology as well as an additional specialization in Trauma Psychology. Dr. Griff offers individual, family, child, and couple therapies in his group practice. He also offers health psychological and sports psychological services. Furthermore, Dr. Griff can provide psychological services to first responders, law enforcement, and military. He has experienced in providing a multitude of services as he was trained by the United Nations and has worked with the US military and professional athletes.
(316) 974-3268 View (316) 974-3268
Photo of Micheal Craig Mckenzie - McKenzie & Associates LLC, MS, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
McKenzie & Associates LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
McKenzie & Associates LLC is a group of mental health professionals dedicated to the highest standards of excellence and client care. We strive to meet each client where they are on their path and give them the tools to reach their goals through clinical interventions. We work with individuals, couples and families in the therapy process. It is our goal to provide an in depth systematic approach to assist our clients reaching their full potential. We also have clinicians trained in Play Therapy, EMDR, AutPlay, Sports Hypnosis and TheraPlay.
McKenzie & Associates LLC is a group of mental health professionals dedicated to the highest standards of excellence and client care. We strive to meet each client where they are on their path and give them the tools to reach their goals through clinical interventions. We work with individuals, couples and families in the therapy process. It is our goal to provide an in depth systematic approach to assist our clients reaching their full potential. We also have clinicians trained in Play Therapy, EMDR, AutPlay, Sports Hypnosis and TheraPlay.
(316) 282-8175 View (316) 282-8175
Photo of Sarah McGill, PhD, LP-T, Psychologist
Sarah McGill
Psychologist, PhD, LP-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
Dr. Sarah McGill (she/her) is a psychologist (LP-T) specializing in psychotherapy and psychological evaluations for individuals ages 4 and above, with expertise working with children and adolescents. She earned her PhD in Clinical-Community Psychology from Wichita State University and completed her pre-doctoral internship at the University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita. As a Wichita native, Dr. McGill is dedicated to serving and supporting her local community.
Dr. Sarah McGill (she/her) is a psychologist (LP-T) specializing in psychotherapy and psychological evaluations for individuals ages 4 and above, with expertise working with children and adolescents. She earned her PhD in Clinical-Community Psychology from Wichita State University and completed her pre-doctoral internship at the University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita. As a Wichita native, Dr. McGill is dedicated to serving and supporting her local community.
(316) 844-7260 View (316) 844-7260
Photo of Heather Hunter, MEd, LPC, CCATP, C-DBT, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CCATP, C-DBT, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
As a counselor, I believe in the profound similarities between a kaleidoscope and mental health. Like a kaleidoscope revealing vibrant patterns, I honor your unique experiences, emotions, and perspectives. I acknowledge mental health's ever-changing nature and will guide you through highs and lows with compassion. Each session is a chance for discovery, uncovering insights and coping strategies for personal growth. I understand the complexity of human emotions, offering empathy as we navigate your journey together. Your individuality is celebrated, just like the diverse beauty in a kaleidoscope's patterns.
As a counselor, I believe in the profound similarities between a kaleidoscope and mental health. Like a kaleidoscope revealing vibrant patterns, I honor your unique experiences, emotions, and perspectives. I acknowledge mental health's ever-changing nature and will guide you through highs and lows with compassion. Each session is a chance for discovery, uncovering insights and coping strategies for personal growth. I understand the complexity of human emotions, offering empathy as we navigate your journey together. Your individuality is celebrated, just like the diverse beauty in a kaleidoscope's patterns.
(316) 800-1857 View (316) 800-1857
Photo of Amanda Jackson, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
I believe there is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. I strive to come alongside and meet the needs of the individuals, couples, and families I see by providing a safe space where they can feel empowered to heal, develop, and grow what’s needed to overcome life’s many challenges.
I believe there is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. I strive to come alongside and meet the needs of the individuals, couples, and families I see by providing a safe space where they can feel empowered to heal, develop, and grow what’s needed to overcome life’s many challenges.
(316) 766-6634 View (316) 766-6634
Photo of Janel R Sanford - The Next Chapter, LSCSW, LMAC, TTS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
The Next Chapter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCSW, LMAC, TTS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
Not accepting new clients
I have twenty years of professional experience in the substance abuse field that includes diverse populations in various community settings including women's issues, homelessness, LGBTQ, domestic violence, medication-assisted treatment and co-occurring mental health. I have worked with a variety of topics and prefer working with individuals and families specific to trauma and abuse, positive parenting, grief and life transition, coping with chronic illnesses, substance abuse and self-esteem issues. I have developed a strong belief in the necessity of addressing the family system as a whole in order to develop lasting changes.
I have twenty years of professional experience in the substance abuse field that includes diverse populations in various community settings including women's issues, homelessness, LGBTQ, domestic violence, medication-assisted treatment and co-occurring mental health. I have worked with a variety of topics and prefer working with individuals and families specific to trauma and abuse, positive parenting, grief and life transition, coping with chronic illnesses, substance abuse and self-esteem issues. I have developed a strong belief in the necessity of addressing the family system as a whole in order to develop lasting changes.
(316) 854-1730 View (316) 854-1730
Photo of Patrick Powers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Patrick Powers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202  (Online Only)
I specialize in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, especially when the themes of intrusive thoughts are of a taboo and/or sexual nature. Feel terrified by thoughts of hurting people, accidentally or on purpose? Sexual crimes? Sexual orientation? Incest? Sacrilege? I can help. I promise, I don't judge and I understand what your OCD has been putting you through.
I specialize in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, especially when the themes of intrusive thoughts are of a taboo and/or sexual nature. Feel terrified by thoughts of hurting people, accidentally or on purpose? Sexual crimes? Sexual orientation? Incest? Sacrilege? I can help. I promise, I don't judge and I understand what your OCD has been putting you through.
(316) 333-3396 View (316) 333-3396
Photo of Aaron Levy, MSMFT, LCPC, Counselor
Aaron Levy
Counselor, MSMFT, LCPC
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202  (Online Only)
Love and Connection in life should not be confusing. But there is always a risk when it comes to getting those two critical human relational needs. Many times relationships feel like a dance, and feeling lost with no road map? It can often turn into division or discomfort, but does it always have to be that way? Emotionally Focused Therapy is a proven, evidence-based method that enhances couples' ability to gain Love and Connection through safety and security. And I would love to be that resource, coach, advocate to help teams sustain longevity in their relationship without leading to isolation or further hurt.
Love and Connection in life should not be confusing. But there is always a risk when it comes to getting those two critical human relational needs. Many times relationships feel like a dance, and feeling lost with no road map? It can often turn into division or discomfort, but does it always have to be that way? Emotionally Focused Therapy is a proven, evidence-based method that enhances couples' ability to gain Love and Connection through safety and security. And I would love to be that resource, coach, advocate to help teams sustain longevity in their relationship without leading to isolation or further hurt.
(316) 844-6614 View (316) 844-6614
Photo of Kai Sien Lee, MEd, LPC-T, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kai Sien Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
My name is Kai Sien, and I strive to create a supportive and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts or concerns. I am from Malaysia and I have worked with culturally diverse populations with an emphasis on the Asian/Asian American community. My therapeutic approach is rooted in empathy, authenticity, and commitment to fostering a warm and inviting space where you will feel heard, understood, and valued. I have worked with individuals who have experienced anxiety, depression, stigma about mental health, stress, suicidal ideation, trauma, grief and loss, anger issues, self-esteem concerns, and more.
My name is Kai Sien, and I strive to create a supportive and non-judgmental space for you to explore your thoughts or concerns. I am from Malaysia and I have worked with culturally diverse populations with an emphasis on the Asian/Asian American community. My therapeutic approach is rooted in empathy, authenticity, and commitment to fostering a warm and inviting space where you will feel heard, understood, and valued. I have worked with individuals who have experienced anxiety, depression, stigma about mental health, stress, suicidal ideation, trauma, grief and loss, anger issues, self-esteem concerns, and more.
(316) 999-9461 View (316) 999-9461
Photo of Jonathan D Blackwell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathan D Blackwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
What else could go wrong? Why do I keep trying? What's the use? I guess this is just how things will always be. No one understands me. I don't fit in. My family doesn't care. Relationship issues, trouble communicating, trouble processing, or still trying to find yourself? Are these questions or thoughts that you struggle with? Well, guess what? You are not the only one. So, now, Imagine yourself with a huge smile, and gut busting laugh that is authentic and genuine. Not like the ones you have faked for so long. Think of that laughter and smile, without feeling all the anxiety, depression, etc..... sounds great right?
What else could go wrong? Why do I keep trying? What's the use? I guess this is just how things will always be. No one understands me. I don't fit in. My family doesn't care. Relationship issues, trouble communicating, trouble processing, or still trying to find yourself? Are these questions or thoughts that you struggle with? Well, guess what? You are not the only one. So, now, Imagine yourself with a huge smile, and gut busting laugh that is authentic and genuine. Not like the ones you have faked for so long. Think of that laughter and smile, without feeling all the anxiety, depression, etc..... sounds great right?
(316) 333-3184 View (316) 333-3184
Photo of Tasia Hicks, MS, LMLP, LPC-A, Psychologist
Tasia Hicks
Psychologist, MS, LMLP, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
You possess within yourself what you need to heal. I believe this! I embrace a person-centered approach to therapy, where each person I see understands they are valuable, and in a judgment-free place to learn to help themselves. I have worked primarily with teen girls/ adult women and children in general. Over the last few years I have also been a college professor, and am well versed in issues faced by those in multiple roles across the higher education setting.
You possess within yourself what you need to heal. I believe this! I embrace a person-centered approach to therapy, where each person I see understands they are valuable, and in a judgment-free place to learn to help themselves. I have worked primarily with teen girls/ adult women and children in general. Over the last few years I have also been a college professor, and am well versed in issues faced by those in multiple roles across the higher education setting.
(620) 414-8334 View (620) 414-8334
Photo of Karen Ranee Perry, LCMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karen Ranee Perry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202  (Online Only)
Sometimes life can be chaotic and challenging. Reaching out for help can be the important first step towards emotional, physical, and spiritual health. My goal is to help you find the best version of yourself and to offer guidance toward the relationship you desire. This can be challenging, especially when issues like anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and poor communication get in the way. Together we will work towards growth, healing and positive change for you and your relationships. I desire to create an atmosphere of genuine respect, understanding, and support for each person I work alongside.
Sometimes life can be chaotic and challenging. Reaching out for help can be the important first step towards emotional, physical, and spiritual health. My goal is to help you find the best version of yourself and to offer guidance toward the relationship you desire. This can be challenging, especially when issues like anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and poor communication get in the way. Together we will work towards growth, healing and positive change for you and your relationships. I desire to create an atmosphere of genuine respect, understanding, and support for each person I work alongside.
(316) 320-0830 View (316) 320-0830
Photo of Victoria Gardner, MS, LMLP, Psychologist
Victoria Gardner
Psychologist, MS, LMLP
Verified Verified
Wichita, KS 67202
Victoria is a dedicated and compassionate clinician specializing in trauma treatment, individual therapy, and strengths-based psychological evaluations. Victoria offers individualized care to children, teens, and young adults. If you are looking for a clinician who is empathetic, direct, and recognizes the therapeutic process is subjective, Victoria may be a great fit for you.
Victoria is a dedicated and compassionate clinician specializing in trauma treatment, individual therapy, and strengths-based psychological evaluations. Victoria offers individualized care to children, teens, and young adults. If you are looking for a clinician who is empathetic, direct, and recognizes the therapeutic process is subjective, Victoria may be a great fit for you.
(316) 844-8602 View (316) 844-8602
Photo of Keenan D. Poore, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Keenan D. Poore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
"Good architecture is like a good therapy session, a good marriage, a good poem - gently and almost invisibly allowing you to be you, as flawed and as beautiful as you are." -- Robert Sullivan ________________________________________________ Therapy is about you finding the ability to be the desired ideal of yourself. My place is to work together with you as an assistant in finding the tools and possibilities.
"Good architecture is like a good therapy session, a good marriage, a good poem - gently and almost invisibly allowing you to be you, as flawed and as beautiful as you are." -- Robert Sullivan ________________________________________________ Therapy is about you finding the ability to be the desired ideal of yourself. My place is to work together with you as an assistant in finding the tools and possibilities.
(316) 541-1798 View (316) 541-1798
Photo of Kathy Newby, LCMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathy Newby
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wichita, KS 67202
I provide psychotherapy services for individuals, couples, and families to address issues related to marriage, relationships with others, parenting, depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief/loss, isolation, stress, and personal/spiritual growth. Taking a collaborative goal oriented approach, I walk alongside each individual, couple and family in the process of finding healing from the past, peace in the present, and hope for the future.
I provide psychotherapy services for individuals, couples, and families to address issues related to marriage, relationships with others, parenting, depression, anxiety, life transitions, grief/loss, isolation, stress, and personal/spiritual growth. Taking a collaborative goal oriented approach, I walk alongside each individual, couple and family in the process of finding healing from the past, peace in the present, and hope for the future.
(316) 712-6599 View (316) 712-6599
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 67202

80+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in 67202 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
80% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
69% Stress
65% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Aetna
64% Medicaid

How Therapists in 67202 see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
28% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 67202?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.