Therapists in 53115

Photo of Robin A Deethardt, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MEd
Robin A Deethardt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, MEd
1 Endorsed
Delavan, WI 53115
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 15 years of experience. Life is journey. We all experience ups and downs across our lifespan. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in providing counseling services that foster self-awareness and understanding that personal challenges are actually opportunities for inner awareness and personal growth and development across the lifespan. The greatest journey in counseling begins with non-judgmental self-discovery and ends with leaving counseling with a renewed spirit of love, forgiveness and faith in the days to come.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 15 years of experience. Life is journey. We all experience ups and downs across our lifespan. I enjoy working with children, adolescents and adults in providing counseling services that foster self-awareness and understanding that personal challenges are actually opportunities for inner awareness and personal growth and development across the lifespan. The greatest journey in counseling begins with non-judgmental self-discovery and ends with leaving counseling with a renewed spirit of love, forgiveness and faith in the days to come.
(262) 379-8413 x859774 View (262) 379-8413 x859774
Photo of Kathleen Moffett Harwood - In the Moment Child and Family Therapy, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPC, NCC
In the Moment Child and Family Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Delavan, WI 53115
Many people struggle to cope with strong/uncomfortable emotions. Learning how to "regulate" emotions is a cornerstone of mental and emotional health. God created all of us as emotional beings who also use reason and logic, not the other way around. I work with adults who struggle with Childhood Emotional; Neglect (CEN) in addition to being a Narcissistic Abuse Treatment Clinician. In my practice, I have seen a strong overlap between these two challenges. If you struggle building a strong sense of self, boundaries and/or healing from Narcissistic abuse, I'm here to walk alongside.
Many people struggle to cope with strong/uncomfortable emotions. Learning how to "regulate" emotions is a cornerstone of mental and emotional health. God created all of us as emotional beings who also use reason and logic, not the other way around. I work with adults who struggle with Childhood Emotional; Neglect (CEN) in addition to being a Narcissistic Abuse Treatment Clinician. In my practice, I have seen a strong overlap between these two challenges. If you struggle building a strong sense of self, boundaries and/or healing from Narcissistic abuse, I'm here to walk alongside.
(608) 554-4242 View (608) 554-4242
Photo of Daniel W Bishop, Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, LCSAC
Daniel W Bishop
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, LCSAC
Delavan, WI 53115
Having extensive experience and clinical supervision with adolescent and adults in various health settings, I have come to appreciate the uniqueness of each person and the journey they are on to wellness. I am non-judgmental and don't feel it is necessary to shame or parent those I work with. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a college professor, working with students pursuing master and doctorate degrees and a clinical supervisor. These unique perspective allows me to stay on the cutting edge of research and therapeutic approaches to a variety of issues. I am not a corporate or large for profit practice.
Having extensive experience and clinical supervision with adolescent and adults in various health settings, I have come to appreciate the uniqueness of each person and the journey they are on to wellness. I am non-judgmental and don't feel it is necessary to shame or parent those I work with. In addition to being a psychologist, I am also a college professor, working with students pursuing master and doctorate degrees and a clinical supervisor. These unique perspective allows me to stay on the cutting edge of research and therapeutic approaches to a variety of issues. I am not a corporate or large for profit practice.
(262) 214-6568 View (262) 214-6568
Photo of Dr. Annette Vielleux, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Annette Vielleux
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
My ideal client is a deep-thinking, intuitive adult navigating spiritual awakening or the weight of old wounds. They've outgrown surface-level therapy and are ready for sacred, soul-centered healing. Through Sacred Soul Journeys, I guide clients to access inner wisdom, past lives, and root-level clarity so they can remember who they truly are and live with renewed purpose and peace.
My ideal client is a deep-thinking, intuitive adult navigating spiritual awakening or the weight of old wounds. They've outgrown surface-level therapy and are ready for sacred, soul-centered healing. Through Sacred Soul Journeys, I guide clients to access inner wisdom, past lives, and root-level clarity so they can remember who they truly are and live with renewed purpose and peace.
(262) 537-5189 View (262) 537-5189
Photo of Amanda Kolich, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Amanda Kolich
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
Amanda’s counseling approach is based on each client’s sensitive needs. She believes healing and recovery take place in a safe, nonjudgmental, empathetic, and compassionate environment. While working with Amanda, she will promote positive communication and relationships, coping and calming skills, self-efficacy, provide motivation, and inspire self-worth. Her goal is to instill hope and create a trusting and meaningful therapeutic relationship. Amanda is passionate about working with children and adolescents. She provides a welcoming atmosphere where individuals can express themselves through play, art, and creative activities.
Amanda’s counseling approach is based on each client’s sensitive needs. She believes healing and recovery take place in a safe, nonjudgmental, empathetic, and compassionate environment. While working with Amanda, she will promote positive communication and relationships, coping and calming skills, self-efficacy, provide motivation, and inspire self-worth. Her goal is to instill hope and create a trusting and meaningful therapeutic relationship. Amanda is passionate about working with children and adolescents. She provides a welcoming atmosphere where individuals can express themselves through play, art, and creative activities.
(262) 485-4556 View (262) 485-4556
Photo of Sandra Muetzel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sandra Muetzel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I take a personalized and eclectic approach to therapy, thoughtfully integrating elements from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and psychoeducation. My focus is on empowering clients to tell their stories, gain deeper insights into their thought patterns, and understand their individual needs. By guiding my clients toward personal growth and emotional well-being, I strive to help them create lasting, meaningful change in their lives.
I take a personalized and eclectic approach to therapy, thoughtfully integrating elements from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and psychoeducation. My focus is on empowering clients to tell their stories, gain deeper insights into their thought patterns, and understand their individual needs. By guiding my clients toward personal growth and emotional well-being, I strive to help them create lasting, meaningful change in their lives.
(262) 205-6559 View (262) 205-6559
Photo of Christine Hanson, Psychologist, PhD
Christine Hanson
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I'm doing a Summer Teen DBT Group. See flyer/contact me for details. My passion is helping young people. I am grateful each day I get to see their excitement, help them learn and grow, and listen to stories about their antics! I know all too well that being a parent isn't easy and sometimes neither is being a child or young adult. I work hard to understand each family member's unique perspective. I help youth and families identify and achieve personalized goals. I teach young people effective strategies so they can thrive at home, at school, and with friends. I am honored to get to help families through their toughest times.
I'm doing a Summer Teen DBT Group. See flyer/contact me for details. My passion is helping young people. I am grateful each day I get to see their excitement, help them learn and grow, and listen to stories about their antics! I know all too well that being a parent isn't easy and sometimes neither is being a child or young adult. I work hard to understand each family member's unique perspective. I help youth and families identify and achieve personalized goals. I teach young people effective strategies so they can thrive at home, at school, and with friends. I am honored to get to help families through their toughest times.
(262) 275-4763 View (262) 275-4763
Photo of Jacquelyn Nasby, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jacquelyn Nasby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I utilize eclectic and collaborative methods in counseling, approaching clients’ needs from emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual lenses. With a passion for art and music, I encourage the use of creative expression in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy, providing an environment for clients to be heard on both verbal and non-verbal platforms. I take a humanistic approach, working along with clients to engage them in treatment and create individualized plans to reach their goals.
I utilize eclectic and collaborative methods in counseling, approaching clients’ needs from emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual lenses. With a passion for art and music, I encourage the use of creative expression in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy, providing an environment for clients to be heard on both verbal and non-verbal platforms. I take a humanistic approach, working along with clients to engage them in treatment and create individualized plans to reach their goals.
(414) 667-7009 View (414) 667-7009
Photo of Jessica Young - Center for Change, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Center for Change, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Welcome to Center for Change! Jessica Young, LPC, Isabelle Wangerin, LPC-IT, and Daniel Rankin offer individual, couples, family, and group counseling for clients of all ages. We are committed to providing the highest quality mental health services in a safe, empathic environment that allows you to grow.
Welcome to Center for Change! Jessica Young, LPC, Isabelle Wangerin, LPC-IT, and Daniel Rankin offer individual, couples, family, and group counseling for clients of all ages. We are committed to providing the highest quality mental health services in a safe, empathic environment that allows you to grow.
(262) 218-2370 View (262) 218-2370
Photo of Terry S Pritchett, LPC Intern, MDiv, MA, LPC-IT
Terry S Pritchett
LPC Intern, MDiv, MA, LPC-IT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Terry has provided compassionate professionalism in varied settings with clients from pre-teens to seniors; varied relationship status; identity concerns, addictions along with family / marriage / couple's counseling. Terry has been in ministry for more than three decades providing support, training, and counseling to a diverse clientele.
Terry has provided compassionate professionalism in varied settings with clients from pre-teens to seniors; varied relationship status; identity concerns, addictions along with family / marriage / couple's counseling. Terry has been in ministry for more than three decades providing support, training, and counseling to a diverse clientele.
(262) 374-5719 View (262) 374-5719

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Katie N Hepner - Lakes Counseling Center, LLC, Counselor, LCPC
Lakes Counseling Center, LLC
Counselor, LCPC
5 Endorsed
Lake Geneva, WI 53147
Are you feeling burnt out, isolated, or defeated? Has it been challenging to find motivation for anything lately? Are family relationships causing you stress? Life can be overwhelming! At Lakes Counseling Center, we have a team of clinicians who specialize in various areas to help you find the right fit for your needs. If we are not the best match for you, Rachael will refer you to other providers in the area.
Are you feeling burnt out, isolated, or defeated? Has it been challenging to find motivation for anything lately? Are family relationships causing you stress? Life can be overwhelming! At Lakes Counseling Center, we have a team of clinicians who specialize in various areas to help you find the right fit for your needs. If we are not the best match for you, Rachael will refer you to other providers in the area.
(262) 261-1409 View (262) 261-1409
Photo of Denice Mock - CA Counseling and Consultants, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MSW, LCSW
CA Counseling and Consultants
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MSW, LCSW
Williams Bay, WI 53191
My ideal client is someone navigating challenges like trauma, relational conflict, mental health struggles, or significant life transitions. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, yet they are motivated to heal, grow, and find deeper connection. They seek a safe space to explore their emotions, build resilience, and create meaningful change. Together, we’ll focus on their strengths, using compassionate, evidence-based approaches like trauma-informed care and mindfulness to help them achieve emotional well-being, self-awareness, and empowered transformation.
My ideal client is someone navigating challenges like trauma, relational conflict, mental health struggles, or significant life transitions. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected, yet they are motivated to heal, grow, and find deeper connection. They seek a safe space to explore their emotions, build resilience, and create meaningful change. Together, we’ll focus on their strengths, using compassionate, evidence-based approaches like trauma-informed care and mindfulness to help them achieve emotional well-being, self-awareness, and empowered transformation.
(262) 846-5123 View (262) 846-5123
Photo of Angie Yong, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Angie Yong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Elkhorn, WI 53121
Struggling with executive functioning? Feeling unheard and/or unseen? Dealing with the impacts of past traumas and hurts? These are the common threads that I find in a lot of my clients. As a neurodivergent therapist (diagnosed with ADHD myself), my clients find comfort in my ability to understand the neuroAtypical mind, experience, and perspective. My clients seek me out to build insight and self-awareness, education and knowledge about their unique experiences (from why it is they think the way they do, to why it is they act the way they do), and ultimately lasting change for a fulfilling life.
Struggling with executive functioning? Feeling unheard and/or unseen? Dealing with the impacts of past traumas and hurts? These are the common threads that I find in a lot of my clients. As a neurodivergent therapist (diagnosed with ADHD myself), my clients find comfort in my ability to understand the neuroAtypical mind, experience, and perspective. My clients seek me out to build insight and self-awareness, education and knowledge about their unique experiences (from why it is they think the way they do, to why it is they act the way they do), and ultimately lasting change for a fulfilling life.
(630) 345-6345 x700 View (630) 345-6345 x700
Photo of Heather Beaudoin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Heather Beaudoin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Starting therapy can cause many emotions to arise. Congratulations on making the first step! I am a relationship and strengths-based therapist who enjoys building confidence in others. I look forward to working together!
Starting therapy can cause many emotions to arise. Congratulations on making the first step! I am a relationship and strengths-based therapist who enjoys building confidence in others. I look forward to working together!
(414) 261-3908 View (414) 261-3908
Photo of Sara Goetz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sara Goetz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Over the past 13 years, I have worked with individuals, families, and couples in a variety of capacities; at a hospital, clinic, community behavioral health organization, and within school settings. I went to graduate school to specifically study how each aspect of our system plays a part in our overall mental and physical health. I’m also certified in Integrative Wellness and Nutrition for Mental Health as well as Addiction Counseling. Feeling better requires changes within your entire system. One’s system might include family, friends, work, exercise, nutrition, school, social activities, alone time, running errands, chores, etc.
Over the past 13 years, I have worked with individuals, families, and couples in a variety of capacities; at a hospital, clinic, community behavioral health organization, and within school settings. I went to graduate school to specifically study how each aspect of our system plays a part in our overall mental and physical health. I’m also certified in Integrative Wellness and Nutrition for Mental Health as well as Addiction Counseling. Feeling better requires changes within your entire system. One’s system might include family, friends, work, exercise, nutrition, school, social activities, alone time, running errands, chores, etc.
(262) 492-1090 View (262) 492-1090
Photo of Jules A Laubenstein - NuLife Family Therapy LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
NuLife Family Therapy LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You just survived another fight. Feeling unheard, unappreciated and completely worn out? You yearn to have the marriage you were promised on your wedding day. But at this point, you'd be happy to escape with a shred of self-worth. While it feels like divorce makes you look like a failure to family and friends, staying in this loveless marriage is sucking the soul out of you. You know divorce could cost you everything you and your partner built - not to mention what it will do to the kids. The feelings of emptiness and loneliness is overwhelming. You have nothing left to give. Both choices seem like a lose-lose situation.
You just survived another fight. Feeling unheard, unappreciated and completely worn out? You yearn to have the marriage you were promised on your wedding day. But at this point, you'd be happy to escape with a shred of self-worth. While it feels like divorce makes you look like a failure to family and friends, staying in this loveless marriage is sucking the soul out of you. You know divorce could cost you everything you and your partner built - not to mention what it will do to the kids. The feelings of emptiness and loneliness is overwhelming. You have nothing left to give. Both choices seem like a lose-lose situation.
(262) 731-8026 View (262) 731-8026
Photo of Leah Featherstone - Professional Services Group, Psychologist, LPC, LCSW, LMFT
Professional Services Group
Psychologist, LPC, LCSW, LMFT
Serves Area
Professional Services Group (PSG) provides individual, group, family, and couples therapy in Kenosha, Racine, West Allis, West Bend, Fort Atkinson, Waukesha, and Janesville for individuals struggling with a variety of mental health and substance abuse issues. We have therapists who work with clients as young as 4 years old, as well as adolescents, and adults. We are a trauma-informed practice that believes that it is our job to help clients reach their goals, on their terms. We also offer holistic services, including Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Reiki, Sound Healing, Trauma-Informed Yoga, and Neurobiofeedback.
Professional Services Group (PSG) provides individual, group, family, and couples therapy in Kenosha, Racine, West Allis, West Bend, Fort Atkinson, Waukesha, and Janesville for individuals struggling with a variety of mental health and substance abuse issues. We have therapists who work with clients as young as 4 years old, as well as adolescents, and adults. We are a trauma-informed practice that believes that it is our job to help clients reach their goals, on their terms. We also offer holistic services, including Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, Reiki, Sound Healing, Trauma-Informed Yoga, and Neurobiofeedback.
(262) 419-3694 View (262) 419-3694
Photo of Melinda Pedersen, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Melinda Pedersen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My practice focuses on perinatal mental health and trauma. I’m passionate about providing support to new moms, experienced moms, and healing through a pregnancy loss. During prenatal, postpartum, and beyond, mixed feelings can show up at any given time and it can feel isolating, even if you’re surrounded by others. It’s ok to not feel ok. Reaching out for support is a wonderful act of courage and strength.
My practice focuses on perinatal mental health and trauma. I’m passionate about providing support to new moms, experienced moms, and healing through a pregnancy loss. During prenatal, postpartum, and beyond, mixed feelings can show up at any given time and it can feel isolating, even if you’re surrounded by others. It’s ok to not feel ok. Reaching out for support is a wonderful act of courage and strength.
(608) 400-4320 View (608) 400-4320
Photo of Ashley Jolly, Counselor, LCP-IT
Ashley Jolly
Counselor, LCP-IT
1 Endorsed
Beloit, WI 53511
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am a dedicated and empathetic counselor committed to helping individuals navigate their unique journeys towards mental health and well-being. With a strong foundation in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Psycho-dynamic Theory, I am passionate about creating a safe and nonjudgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I utilize evidence-based techniques from ACT, CBT, CPT, Mindfulness, etc. in an eclectic approach to adapt to your personal needs. I strive to integrate creative approaches to help you achieve your goals and commit to changes in your life.
Welcome! I am a dedicated and empathetic counselor committed to helping individuals navigate their unique journeys towards mental health and well-being. With a strong foundation in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Psycho-dynamic Theory, I am passionate about creating a safe and nonjudgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I utilize evidence-based techniques from ACT, CBT, CPT, Mindfulness, etc. in an eclectic approach to adapt to your personal needs. I strive to integrate creative approaches to help you achieve your goals and commit to changes in your life.
(608) 879-1059 View (608) 879-1059
Photo of Yvonne Chentnik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, APSW
Yvonne Chentnik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, APSW
1 Endorsed
Lake Geneva, WI 53147
Life and the world today can cause a whirlwind of emotions that can be difficult to manage. I want to help you find relief, strength, purpose and more. We all have positive and special qualities that can help when we are feeling so much, and being heard without judgement can be empowering and the beginning to lifting some of the emotional pain.
Life and the world today can cause a whirlwind of emotions that can be difficult to manage. I want to help you find relief, strength, purpose and more. We all have positive and special qualities that can help when we are feeling so much, and being heard without judgement can be empowering and the beginning to lifting some of the emotional pain.
(262) 235-5803 View (262) 235-5803

See more therapy options for 53115

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 53115

10+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in 53115 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Depression
90% Trauma and PTSD
80% Relationship Issues
70% Parenting
70% Family Conflict
70% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
78% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 53115 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 53115?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.