Family Systems Therapists in 20850

Photo of Stacey Gold, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacey Gold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
I help clients gain clarity and understanding of presenting problems utilizing a range of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, family systems, motivational interviewing, exposure therapy, and others as identified.
Welcome! I'm currently accepting new clients via online/telehealth. I'm a seasoned clinical social worker who possesses extensive expertise in addressing a spectrum of psychological and life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship dynamics, parenting, motherhood, family conflict, mood disorders, and trauma. Additionally, I specialize in navigating pivotal life transitions such as post-partum, marriage and divorce, the empty nest phase, relocation, career changes and challenges, and coping with the loss of a cherished individual.
I help clients gain clarity and understanding of presenting problems utilizing a range of therapeutic modalities, including cognitive behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, family systems, motivational interviewing, exposure therapy, and others as identified.
Welcome! I'm currently accepting new clients via online/telehealth. I'm a seasoned clinical social worker who possesses extensive expertise in addressing a spectrum of psychological and life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship dynamics, parenting, motherhood, family conflict, mood disorders, and trauma. Additionally, I specialize in navigating pivotal life transitions such as post-partum, marriage and divorce, the empty nest phase, relocation, career changes and challenges, and coping with the loss of a cherished individual.
(240) 759-2744 View (240) 759-2744
Photo of David Jun Selleh, LCPC, LGPC
David Jun Selleh
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
I am a curious and compassionate psychotherapist, calm and gently direct. I support individuals, couples, and families in more fully connecting with self and others. My style draws primarily from Gestalt: an experiential, relational, here-and-now-oriented, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed approach. This might look like mindfulness, somatic/body process, role-play, enactment, dreams, parts work, and other creative experiments. I also fluidly integrate Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Polyvagal Theory, Psychedelic/Ketamine-Assisted Therapy, and other frameworks, depending on client needs.
I am a curious and compassionate psychotherapist, calm and gently direct. I support individuals, couples, and families in more fully connecting with self and others. My style draws primarily from Gestalt: an experiential, relational, here-and-now-oriented, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed approach. This might look like mindfulness, somatic/body process, role-play, enactment, dreams, parts work, and other creative experiments. I also fluidly integrate Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Polyvagal Theory, Psychedelic/Ketamine-Assisted Therapy, and other frameworks, depending on client needs.
(301) 685-7482 View (301) 685-7482
Photo of Marci Malnik - Marci K. Malnik,LCSW-C, LLC, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marci K. Malnik,LCSW-C, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
My expertise is in treating mood disorders (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), the long-term effects of trauma and family systems issues (divorce, remarriage, blended families, parenting concerns).
Do you find yourself sad, angry and negative too much of the time? Is your ability to communicate with your spouse broken? Are your children exhibiting negative behaviors that put your family in a state of chaos? Have you suffered a loss or a change that has created an imbalance at home? I can help you and the members of your family to understand the situations at hand and develop the strategies to put your lives back together again. Whether you are an individual, a couple, a parent of an adolescent or a family seeking therapy, I can help.
My expertise is in treating mood disorders (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), the long-term effects of trauma and family systems issues (divorce, remarriage, blended families, parenting concerns).
Do you find yourself sad, angry and negative too much of the time? Is your ability to communicate with your spouse broken? Are your children exhibiting negative behaviors that put your family in a state of chaos? Have you suffered a loss or a change that has created an imbalance at home? I can help you and the members of your family to understand the situations at hand and develop the strategies to put your lives back together again. Whether you are an individual, a couple, a parent of an adolescent or a family seeking therapy, I can help.
(301) 529-1480 View (301) 529-1480
Photo of Ellen Carol Singer, MSW, LCSW-C, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellen Carol Singer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
Ellen Singer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has specialized in helping couples and families for 35+ years. She trained with Dr. Richard Schwartz in the evidence-based Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapeutic model. She’s also studied and incorporates tools from highly reputable Emotionally Focused Therapy, Gottman Therapy, and Imago Therapy. She sees all couples and specializes in high conflict, infidelity/affairs, intimacy/sexual relationships, ADHD impact, and coping with parent-related concerns. She also specializes in couples coping with infertiity, connected to adoption, blended families, and LGBTQ families.
(240) 702-2188 View (240) 702-2188
Photo of Mario Lagman, MS, LCPC
Mario Lagman
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
I work with adolescents,adults, and couples using the Family Systems approach by considering individual relationships between family members in the context of the whole. This means that I take into account my clients' emotional and relational history, in addition to observing present interactions. This collaboration of information from both the past and present is important in helping each person realize that he/she contributes to the way his/her life functions. It is my goal to help individuals recognize the impact of their unique roles in the family so that they may improve the quality of their interpersonal relationships.
I work with adolescents,adults, and couples using the Family Systems approach by considering individual relationships between family members in the context of the whole. This means that I take into account my clients' emotional and relational history, in addition to observing present interactions. This collaboration of information from both the past and present is important in helping each person realize that he/she contributes to the way his/her life functions. It is my goal to help individuals recognize the impact of their unique roles in the family so that they may improve the quality of their interpersonal relationships.
(301) 278-8190 View (301) 278-8190
Photo of Shilpa Saroop - Therapy with Empathy, LLC, PhD, Psychologist
Therapy with Empathy, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
Do you ever wonder if it is possible to experience more enjoyment or peace of mind and heart? I work with clients to identify sources of worry, unhappiness or self-criticism. Together we identify one's strengths and build on those strengths in a positive, supportive way to create a life one would like to live and experience. I employ strategies from family systems, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral, self-compassion, psychodynamic and mindfulness models in my practice. I work with individuals, couples, families and first and second generation immigrants in a collaborative and compassionate manner.
Do you ever wonder if it is possible to experience more enjoyment or peace of mind and heart? I work with clients to identify sources of worry, unhappiness or self-criticism. Together we identify one's strengths and build on those strengths in a positive, supportive way to create a life one would like to live and experience. I employ strategies from family systems, solution-focused, cognitive-behavioral, self-compassion, psychodynamic and mindfulness models in my practice. I work with individuals, couples, families and first and second generation immigrants in a collaborative and compassionate manner.
(301) 812-4725 View (301) 812-4725
Photo of Pauliann Long, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pauliann Long
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
My expertise includes treatment of mood disorders, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders; the long term effects of trauma, including childhood neglect, physical and sexual abuse; family systems issues, including divorce, remarriage, blended families and parenting concerns.
Are you feeling off-center, frustrated, overwhelmed, stuck? Want support in balancing the challenges in your life? Does negativity or anger undermine healthy relationships within your family? Maybe you wish for more effective ways of communicating, or the means to improve your outlook and energy level. Are you experiencing divorce, or the loss of a loved one, and need assistance in moving through the grieving process? Are you in the throes of a major life transition or crisis? I will assist you in developing insight, understanding, and strategies to address your particular issues and help you move toward overall well-being.
My expertise includes treatment of mood disorders, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders; the long term effects of trauma, including childhood neglect, physical and sexual abuse; family systems issues, including divorce, remarriage, blended families and parenting concerns.
Are you feeling off-center, frustrated, overwhelmed, stuck? Want support in balancing the challenges in your life? Does negativity or anger undermine healthy relationships within your family? Maybe you wish for more effective ways of communicating, or the means to improve your outlook and energy level. Are you experiencing divorce, or the loss of a loved one, and need assistance in moving through the grieving process? Are you in the throes of a major life transition or crisis? I will assist you in developing insight, understanding, and strategies to address your particular issues and help you move toward overall well-being.
(240) 339-4737 View (240) 339-4737
Photo of Linda L. Bloch, MS, LCSW-C, RN, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda L. Bloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW-C, RN
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
I utilize an integrative approach, blending cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, solution focused and family systems to help clients identify their own strengths and internal resources.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
I utilize an integrative approach, blending cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, solution focused and family systems to help clients identify their own strengths and internal resources.
TELETHERAPY AVAILABLE. As both a Clinical Social Worker and Registered Nurse, I have a broad perspective on mental health issues and treatment options. I have over 25 years of experience helping adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(301) 684-5357 View (301) 684-5357
Photo of Jeffrey Jay, PhD, Psychologist
Jeffrey Jay
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
I added family systems techniques when I was a NIH researcher.
In therapy, the focus inevitably turns to the balance between self and others. Being responsible for one's own needs while being responsive to others, whether in a relationship, school, or at work is a dynamic, and sometimes confounding, process. How do you find that balance, being true to oneself and a truely caring person? That's the work of therapy. I work with individuals, couples, families, and students. I have a recognized expertise with severe psychological trauma, depression, anxiety, and marital problems including infidelities. I am proud to have been twice highly recommended by Washingtonian Magazine.
I added family systems techniques when I was a NIH researcher.
In therapy, the focus inevitably turns to the balance between self and others. Being responsible for one's own needs while being responsive to others, whether in a relationship, school, or at work is a dynamic, and sometimes confounding, process. How do you find that balance, being true to oneself and a truely caring person? That's the work of therapy. I work with individuals, couples, families, and students. I have a recognized expertise with severe psychological trauma, depression, anxiety, and marital problems including infidelities. I am proud to have been twice highly recommended by Washingtonian Magazine.
(202) 688-5479 View (202) 688-5479
Photo of Caron Starobin, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Caron Starobin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
Training include Relational Life Therapy, Bowen Family Systems, DBT, PCIT, SPACE, Exposure Response Prevention Treatment, PEERS , Narrative Therapy, Structural Family Therapy, Trauma-Focused, Mindfulness-based, and Interpersonal Neurobiology.
Starobin Counseling collectively offers over 30 years of experience providing counseling for children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We regard relationships as central to the therapeutic process and help people repair and strengthen their relationships. Some challenges in life are purely personal, but most problems express themselves in the intersections with other people. Therapy helps people understand feelings, listen to their best thinking, and helps people gain new or alternative perspectives. We help people strengthen their own vitality and repair difficult ruptures to unlock their capacity for meaningful connections.
Training include Relational Life Therapy, Bowen Family Systems, DBT, PCIT, SPACE, Exposure Response Prevention Treatment, PEERS , Narrative Therapy, Structural Family Therapy, Trauma-Focused, Mindfulness-based, and Interpersonal Neurobiology.
Starobin Counseling collectively offers over 30 years of experience providing counseling for children, teens, adults, couples, and families. We regard relationships as central to the therapeutic process and help people repair and strengthen their relationships. Some challenges in life are purely personal, but most problems express themselves in the intersections with other people. Therapy helps people understand feelings, listen to their best thinking, and helps people gain new or alternative perspectives. We help people strengthen their own vitality and repair difficult ruptures to unlock their capacity for meaningful connections.
(301) 273-7346 View (301) 273-7346
Photo of Christina Aiello, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christina Aiello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
I empower Clients through psycho education, and utilizing an integrative approach pulling from mindfulness/grounding, CBT, family systems theory, and psycho dynamic methods.
I specialize in supporting adults managing anxiety, depression, grief, life changes, and healing from relational trauma. I work with adults who are feeling overwhelmed managing symptoms of depression, anxiety, grief and the impacts of childhood trauma on their daily life, and relationships. The deeper work done by my clients includes themes of perfectionism, childhood attachment wounds, and generational trauma.
I empower Clients through psycho education, and utilizing an integrative approach pulling from mindfulness/grounding, CBT, family systems theory, and psycho dynamic methods.
I specialize in supporting adults managing anxiety, depression, grief, life changes, and healing from relational trauma. I work with adults who are feeling overwhelmed managing symptoms of depression, anxiety, grief and the impacts of childhood trauma on their daily life, and relationships. The deeper work done by my clients includes themes of perfectionism, childhood attachment wounds, and generational trauma.
(301) 246-8261 View (301) 246-8261
Photo of Dana Payes, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dana Payes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
I use psychodynamic approaches, mindfulness practices, Internal Family Systems, and attachment work in sessions in order to help clients cope through their unique challenges.
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to visit my page! Whether you are just beginning your therapy journey, find yourself searching for help with continued healing or are you getting back in touch with yourself after time away from therapy, I would like to be there for you to help! I work with clients aged preteen-adulthood who have experienced trauma, mood disorders, ADHD, and learning disabilities. Additionally, I work with individuals in transitional life stages and caregivers who want to work through challenges in parenting/caretaking and also hope to prioritize their own mental health or life challenges.
I use psychodynamic approaches, mindfulness practices, Internal Family Systems, and attachment work in sessions in order to help clients cope through their unique challenges.
Welcome! Thank you for taking the time to visit my page! Whether you are just beginning your therapy journey, find yourself searching for help with continued healing or are you getting back in touch with yourself after time away from therapy, I would like to be there for you to help! I work with clients aged preteen-adulthood who have experienced trauma, mood disorders, ADHD, and learning disabilities. Additionally, I work with individuals in transitional life stages and caregivers who want to work through challenges in parenting/caretaking and also hope to prioritize their own mental health or life challenges.
(240) 366-2710 View (240) 366-2710
Photo of Luz Sandoval - Bilingual Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Luz Sandoval - Bilingual Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
My clients would likely say I am down-to-earth and open-minded. 20 years of experience have taught me that respectful understanding is key in working with clients who seek to understand/explore their circumstances, proactively engage in their lives, and - simply put - feel better. My main area of work has been supporting adolescents and adults with emotional difficulties, traumatic events, decision-making, and coping skills for life transitions (school, career, "adulting”). I work in tandem with clients as they identify their challenges, needs, and goals. My approach while kind and interactive encourages self-reliance.
My clients would likely say I am down-to-earth and open-minded. 20 years of experience have taught me that respectful understanding is key in working with clients who seek to understand/explore their circumstances, proactively engage in their lives, and - simply put - feel better. My main area of work has been supporting adolescents and adults with emotional difficulties, traumatic events, decision-making, and coping skills for life transitions (school, career, "adulting”). I work in tandem with clients as they identify their challenges, needs, and goals. My approach while kind and interactive encourages self-reliance.
(301) 786-3937 View (301) 786-3937
Photo of Susan Goorevich, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Goorevich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
When life becomes difficult and confusing, let me help you make sense of it all and encourage you to move forward in a positive direction.
When life becomes difficult and confusing, let me help you make sense of it all and encourage you to move forward in a positive direction.
(301) 710-9929 x8826 View (301) 710-9929 x8826
Photo of Christy Van Horn, LPC, LCPC
Christy Van Horn
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850
However you come into my office, whether in crisis or stuck or angry and hurting, my commitment is to see and relate to you through the eyes of your potential. The very nature of relationships sets us up for conflict and disillusionment. We change as human beings, and so must our most intimate partnerships. Marriage counseling allows us to discover your strengths and successes and at the same time practice saying the things that are scary and uncomfortable. This is how we rekindle authenticity and trust and hope. You’ll find me to be both supportive and directive. I’m an active therapist who gets in it with you.
However you come into my office, whether in crisis or stuck or angry and hurting, my commitment is to see and relate to you through the eyes of your potential. The very nature of relationships sets us up for conflict and disillusionment. We change as human beings, and so must our most intimate partnerships. Marriage counseling allows us to discover your strengths and successes and at the same time practice saying the things that are scary and uncomfortable. This is how we rekindle authenticity and trust and hope. You’ll find me to be both supportive and directive. I’m an active therapist who gets in it with you.
(240) 261-0105 View (240) 261-0105
Photo of Melissa K. Maddox, MS, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Melissa K. Maddox
Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
I am passionate when it comes to therapy! Having the opportunity to help people find positive growth in their lives is so rewarding to me! I've spent 30 years working with adolescents in a variety of roles and settings. In recent years, I have had the opportunity to integrate family therapy, parent coaching, and kink informed therapy into my practice. It is so fulfilling to help my clients work through conflicts, become more resilient, and enhance their overall strength and unification. I have also enjoy doing insight based work with adults who are experiencing conflicts or transitions in their lives.
I am passionate when it comes to therapy! Having the opportunity to help people find positive growth in their lives is so rewarding to me! I've spent 30 years working with adolescents in a variety of roles and settings. In recent years, I have had the opportunity to integrate family therapy, parent coaching, and kink informed therapy into my practice. It is so fulfilling to help my clients work through conflicts, become more resilient, and enhance their overall strength and unification. I have also enjoy doing insight based work with adults who are experiencing conflicts or transitions in their lives.
(301) 453-7821 View (301) 453-7821
Photo of Eleni Alexiou, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eleni Alexiou
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
I know exactly what you're feeling: pounding chest, shortness of breath, lack of sleep. Our physical bodies react as well as our hearts and minds when life throws us curve balls that we don't know how to navigate on our own. I have been providing treatment for anxiety, relationship issues, and depression since 2003. If you want to learn more about how I can help, send me a message, call, or visit my website for a FREE Consultation to discuss what you are feeling today. Now Accepting New Clients in Delaware, Florida, Maryland, and Virginia.
I know exactly what you're feeling: pounding chest, shortness of breath, lack of sleep. Our physical bodies react as well as our hearts and minds when life throws us curve balls that we don't know how to navigate on our own. I have been providing treatment for anxiety, relationship issues, and depression since 2003. If you want to learn more about how I can help, send me a message, call, or visit my website for a FREE Consultation to discuss what you are feeling today. Now Accepting New Clients in Delaware, Florida, Maryland, and Virginia.
(240) 618-3367 View (240) 618-3367
Photo of Megan McCaffrey, LCSW-C, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Megan McCaffrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
Hi! Thank you so much for visiting my page. I believe that asking for help is one of the bravest things you can do in life and I hope you give yourself credit for the step you’ve taken in researching mental healthcare options. Truly, you shouldn't have to navigate life and its obstacles on your own. As a therapist, I'm passionate about helping individuals experiencing a variety of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, family/relationship issues, aging issues, life transitions, and stress. My approach to therapy is person-centered, trauma-informed, and focused on empowering clients to trust in their own abilities.
Hi! Thank you so much for visiting my page. I believe that asking for help is one of the bravest things you can do in life and I hope you give yourself credit for the step you’ve taken in researching mental healthcare options. Truly, you shouldn't have to navigate life and its obstacles on your own. As a therapist, I'm passionate about helping individuals experiencing a variety of challenges, including depression, anxiety, trauma, family/relationship issues, aging issues, life transitions, and stress. My approach to therapy is person-centered, trauma-informed, and focused on empowering clients to trust in their own abilities.
View
Photo of Rise Hannah Page, LCPC, LMHC, CCDC, NCC, MA
Rise Hannah Page
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, CCDC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20850
Risé Hannah Page has an office in Downtown Rockville, Md. where we are meeting virtually, taking a walk and talk to the local park or meeting in the office and I have a satellite office in Boca Raton, Fl. for virtual appts. Only. I see adults for individual to concentrate on what is currently happening to you with issues ranging from: depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, domestic violence, alcoholism and addictions. I have experienced life challenges and made a decision to work with people who want to turn their lives around. I will not give up on you and I believe that anyone who wants to make changes can change.
Risé Hannah Page has an office in Downtown Rockville, Md. where we are meeting virtually, taking a walk and talk to the local park or meeting in the office and I have a satellite office in Boca Raton, Fl. for virtual appts. Only. I see adults for individual to concentrate on what is currently happening to you with issues ranging from: depression, anxiety, trauma, sexual abuse, domestic violence, alcoholism and addictions. I have experienced life challenges and made a decision to work with people who want to turn their lives around. I will not give up on you and I believe that anyone who wants to make changes can change.
(407) 505-5343 View (407) 505-5343
Photo of Marti Ann Crosby, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marti Ann Crosby
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rockville, MD 20850  (Online Only)
Currently, services are provided through telehealth. Obstacles and challenges face us throughout life - depression, anxiety, grief, feeling of helplessness. Allow me the opportunity to help you navigate your way. I have more than 30 years experience working with families with children 13 years and older, individual youth 13 years and older and individual adults. Together we can work on how to adjust your approaches to the challenges and develop a happierand more content life. The first session is a "Meet and Greet' - no charge
Currently, services are provided through telehealth. Obstacles and challenges face us throughout life - depression, anxiety, grief, feeling of helplessness. Allow me the opportunity to help you navigate your way. I have more than 30 years experience working with families with children 13 years and older, individual youth 13 years and older and individual adults. Together we can work on how to adjust your approaches to the challenges and develop a happierand more content life. The first session is a "Meet and Greet' - no charge
(240) 249-4556 View (240) 249-4556
Family Systems Therapists
Family Systems therapists view problems within the family as the result not of particular members' behaviors, but of the family's group dynamic. The family is seen as a complex system having its own language, roles, rules, beliefs, needs and patterns. The therapist helps each individual member understand how their childhood family operated, their role in that system, and how that experience has shaped their role in the current family.