Therapists in 01330

Photo of Christine Turcotte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Christine Turcotte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Ashfield, MA 01330
Sometimes personal turbulence makes it hard for us to weather the storms in our lives. When we have depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction to substances or simply addiction to negative patterns of thinking, therapy can help us to get on the right track. With nineteen years of experience, I can helpyou to focus and to find solutions . Many people are apprehensive about what therapy can do for them. There are many different modalities or approaches in therapy I can share with you, but I will begin by listening to you, without judgement. My goal is to get to know you as a person first and then, to provide you with input.
Sometimes personal turbulence makes it hard for us to weather the storms in our lives. When we have depression, anxiety, trauma, addiction to substances or simply addiction to negative patterns of thinking, therapy can help us to get on the right track. With nineteen years of experience, I can helpyou to focus and to find solutions . Many people are apprehensive about what therapy can do for them. There are many different modalities or approaches in therapy I can share with you, but I will begin by listening to you, without judgement. My goal is to get to know you as a person first and then, to provide you with input.
(413) 376-8490 View (413) 376-8490
Photo of Carter J Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Carter J Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Ashfield, MA 01330
I provide psychotherapy from a psychoanalytic perspective. This means that therapy focuses on getting to know you in a very deep way: your history, your needs, your strengths and weaknesses, and how you'd like to lead your life. Therapy is grounded in a strong working relationship that we cultivate over time, one in which you can feel safe being extremely honest and taking emotional risks. While I continue to work with patients individually, at present I am primarily accepting new patients for couples therapy.
I provide psychotherapy from a psychoanalytic perspective. This means that therapy focuses on getting to know you in a very deep way: your history, your needs, your strengths and weaknesses, and how you'd like to lead your life. Therapy is grounded in a strong working relationship that we cultivate over time, one in which you can feel safe being extremely honest and taking emotional risks. While I continue to work with patients individually, at present I am primarily accepting new patients for couples therapy.
(617) 396-3442 View (617) 396-3442
Photo of Evelyn Resh - Thrive-Integrative Psych. & Sexuality Counseling, CSC, CNM, MSN, MPH
Thrive-Integrative Psych. & Sexuality Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Certified Nurse Midwife/CNM and medically informed Certified Sexuality Counselor/CSC. I am comfortable working with individuals of all genders, ages and erotic orientations. I also specialize in working with peri and postmenopausal women struggling with symptoms related to aging and sexuality. My practice style is evidence-based, wholistic, and highly personalized. I also am solution focused and advisory in my approach to client's concerns.
I am a Certified Nurse Midwife/CNM and medically informed Certified Sexuality Counselor/CSC. I am comfortable working with individuals of all genders, ages and erotic orientations. I also specialize in working with peri and postmenopausal women struggling with symptoms related to aging and sexuality. My practice style is evidence-based, wholistic, and highly personalized. I also am solution focused and advisory in my approach to client's concerns.
(413) 485-7299 View (413) 485-7299
Photo of Diane Hicks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Diane Hicks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Every one of us is capable of deeply shifting our experience to ultimately live the life we most want. While life events can take us off track, the way we meet those unfolding moments creates our path. Too often we harden, and as we armor ourselves we become cut off from our own extraordinary inner healing capacities. Habitual thoughts and behaviors manifest in response to painful and difficult experiences, clouding our ability to truly see without constraint. We all have the ability to cut through those clouds, to feel more awake and alive, and to become the best version of ourselves.
Every one of us is capable of deeply shifting our experience to ultimately live the life we most want. While life events can take us off track, the way we meet those unfolding moments creates our path. Too often we harden, and as we armor ourselves we become cut off from our own extraordinary inner healing capacities. Habitual thoughts and behaviors manifest in response to painful and difficult experiences, clouding our ability to truly see without constraint. We all have the ability to cut through those clouds, to feel more awake and alive, and to become the best version of ourselves.
(802) 266-4224 View (802) 266-4224
Photo of Finn Phoenix, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Finn Phoenix
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
My focus is in working with clients who live in some way that is outside of a societal expectation or norm. My style is rooted in the idea of collective liberation, and my clients are queer people, trans people, changemakers and activists, those living with chronic illness, survivors of relational and systemic trauma; those with body types, cultural identities, family or relationship structures that are non-normative.
My focus is in working with clients who live in some way that is outside of a societal expectation or norm. My style is rooted in the idea of collective liberation, and my clients are queer people, trans people, changemakers and activists, those living with chronic illness, survivors of relational and systemic trauma; those with body types, cultural identities, family or relationship structures that are non-normative.
(414) 240-8764 View (414) 240-8764

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Pamela Boone, Counselor, MS, CAGS, LMHC
Pamela Boone
Counselor, MS, CAGS, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you fearful, anxious, stressed, sad or not able to complete your goals and life seems to be moving while you are feeling stuck? Prioritize yourself and your well-being, call me and let's talk. I am a passionate and empathic mental health professional who believes that everyone deserves the chance to be the best person they can be and to live the best life possible. I am committed to empowering individuals to recognize and utilize their strengths to change their circumstance.
Are you fearful, anxious, stressed, sad or not able to complete your goals and life seems to be moving while you are feeling stuck? Prioritize yourself and your well-being, call me and let's talk. I am a passionate and empathic mental health professional who believes that everyone deserves the chance to be the best person they can be and to live the best life possible. I am committed to empowering individuals to recognize and utilize their strengths to change their circumstance.
(413) 225-4892 View (413) 225-4892
Photo of Judith Pomerantz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Judith Pomerantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I can help you find peaceful solutions to challenges you face. My holistic approach welcomes your thoughts, body sensations, emotions, and spiritual beliefs. From the foundation of a trusting and respectful relationship, we customize treatment to your needs. Depending on our focus, I integrate tools from cutting edge models of therapy including Internal Family Systems Therapy, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, EMDR, and mindfulness. My style is practical, compassionate, and interactive. I know that entering therapy takes courage. I believe deeply in your capacity to heal. As your therapist/guide I am committed to your healing and manifesting the life you want.
I can help you find peaceful solutions to challenges you face. My holistic approach welcomes your thoughts, body sensations, emotions, and spiritual beliefs. From the foundation of a trusting and respectful relationship, we customize treatment to your needs. Depending on our focus, I integrate tools from cutting edge models of therapy including Internal Family Systems Therapy, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, EMDR, and mindfulness. My style is practical, compassionate, and interactive. I know that entering therapy takes courage. I believe deeply in your capacity to heal. As your therapist/guide I am committed to your healing and manifesting the life you want.
(413) 648-7858 View (413) 648-7858
Photo of Rachel Epstein, Psychologist, PsyD
Rachel Epstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Northampton, MA 01060
For many years, I have worked successfully with individuals who want to address their own suffering and facilitate lasting change. Whether you're feeling anxious or depressed, experiencing a life transition or relationship struggle, or dealing with loss or trauma, we can work together to alleviate your symptoms and facilitate feeling more alive, grounded, and whole.
For many years, I have worked successfully with individuals who want to address their own suffering and facilitate lasting change. Whether you're feeling anxious or depressed, experiencing a life transition or relationship struggle, or dealing with loss or trauma, we can work together to alleviate your symptoms and facilitate feeling more alive, grounded, and whole.
(413) 314-2826 View (413) 314-2826
Photo of Richard Borofsky, Psychologist, EdD
Richard Borofsky
Psychologist, EdD
Stockbridge, MA 01262
A deep and enduring intimacy is one of life's greatest treasures. Richard Borofsky is a couples therapist whose special gift is to help couples learn how to consciously enter into the experience of being present in a way that makes it possible for them to reconnect, to open their hearts and to transform hurts, resentments and mistrust into a deeper, more compassionate and lasting connection. Along with his wife Antra Borofsky, his partner for over 50 years, he also offers retreats and workshops for couples called, "Being Together: The Art of Loving."
A deep and enduring intimacy is one of life's greatest treasures. Richard Borofsky is a couples therapist whose special gift is to help couples learn how to consciously enter into the experience of being present in a way that makes it possible for them to reconnect, to open their hearts and to transform hurts, resentments and mistrust into a deeper, more compassionate and lasting connection. Along with his wife Antra Borofsky, his partner for over 50 years, he also offers retreats and workshops for couples called, "Being Together: The Art of Loving."
(617) 682-9182 View (617) 682-9182
Photo of Dr. Sonia Altavilla, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Sonia Altavilla
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Northampton, MA 01060
Starting therapy can be a difficult step, and you may not know where to start. My goal is to determine that together and support a path of self-understanding and positive change. I enjoy working with adults of all backgrounds and identities dealing with anxiety, depression, identity development, relationship issues, adjustment, grief, and trauma. I also specialize in health psychology with a particular interest in women’s health. Through a warm, curious, and sometimes humorous approach, I strive to make genuine connections to understand client’s needs, hopes, and fears with the goal of self-awareness and transformation.
Starting therapy can be a difficult step, and you may not know where to start. My goal is to determine that together and support a path of self-understanding and positive change. I enjoy working with adults of all backgrounds and identities dealing with anxiety, depression, identity development, relationship issues, adjustment, grief, and trauma. I also specialize in health psychology with a particular interest in women’s health. Through a warm, curious, and sometimes humorous approach, I strive to make genuine connections to understand client’s needs, hopes, and fears with the goal of self-awareness and transformation.
(857) 728-3075 View (857) 728-3075
Photo of Amanda McCall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Amanda McCall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
Life in our modern world can feel both overwhelming and isolating. It takes a lot to simply survive; working, raising a family, navigating relationships of all kinds, and expectations of instant communication with others. As we go through the motions of daily life, we can become disconnected from our-selves; the part of self that feels excited about life, that dreams, and feels wonder. When we are disconnected from ourselves, it is difficult to be connected to others in a way that feels fulfilling. This feeling of separateness can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Life in our modern world can feel both overwhelming and isolating. It takes a lot to simply survive; working, raising a family, navigating relationships of all kinds, and expectations of instant communication with others. As we go through the motions of daily life, we can become disconnected from our-selves; the part of self that feels excited about life, that dreams, and feels wonder. When we are disconnected from ourselves, it is difficult to be connected to others in a way that feels fulfilling. This feeling of separateness can exacerbate symptoms of anxiety and depression.
(413) 423-1321 View (413) 423-1321
Photo of Sarah Lusardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Lusardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Every little one is different, and none of them come with instructions. Never has there been a truer statement! It is very common to feel isolated and frustrated when you are faced with never-ending demands of parenting. Children communicate through their behaviors, so it often needs “decoding”, particularly challenging behaviors. When children are having challenging behavior issues, it is often a situation where the children’s needs and feelings are not understood in a way that provides you, the parent, with a clear map about how to meet those needs/feelings and ultimately shift the behaviors.
Every little one is different, and none of them come with instructions. Never has there been a truer statement! It is very common to feel isolated and frustrated when you are faced with never-ending demands of parenting. Children communicate through their behaviors, so it often needs “decoding”, particularly challenging behaviors. When children are having challenging behavior issues, it is often a situation where the children’s needs and feelings are not understood in a way that provides you, the parent, with a clear map about how to meet those needs/feelings and ultimately shift the behaviors.
(510) 313-2873 View (510) 313-2873
Photo of Susan F Balaban, Psychologist, PhD
Susan F Balaban
Psychologist, PhD
Northampton, MA 01060
Waitlist for new clients
*EMAIL IS PREFERRED CONTACT METHOD FOR FIRST TIME CLIENTS* I specialize in treating post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, and depression. My work is dedicated to helping people through stressful circumstances and changing self-defeating habits; also helping people to handle difficult transitions-divorce, grief, trauma, career and financial change. You may be stuck, but you are not broken. I whole-heartedly believe that we all have the capacity to liberate ourselves from unhealthy patterns, to heal, and to grow. I am deeply honored to help people on this journey.
*EMAIL IS PREFERRED CONTACT METHOD FOR FIRST TIME CLIENTS* I specialize in treating post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, and depression. My work is dedicated to helping people through stressful circumstances and changing self-defeating habits; also helping people to handle difficult transitions-divorce, grief, trauma, career and financial change. You may be stuck, but you are not broken. I whole-heartedly believe that we all have the capacity to liberate ourselves from unhealthy patterns, to heal, and to grow. I am deeply honored to help people on this journey.
(413) 566-7414 View (413) 566-7414
Photo of Aaron Tieger Riverwood, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Aaron Tieger Riverwood
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I often find current notions of “behavioral” or “mental” health to be rooted in an inaccurate medical paradigm, and so I prefer to consider social/emotional/spiritual wellbeing; “psyche” literally means “the soul” and thus I see the goal of psychotherapy as to help heal the soul. Depression and anxiety are understandable responses to problematic situations, and I enjoy helping to unravel the complicated dynamics of your lived experience in order to achieve your goals. I often work with people around issues of gender, identity, and culture; I also enjoy working with creative people, and people navigating challenging life transitions.
I often find current notions of “behavioral” or “mental” health to be rooted in an inaccurate medical paradigm, and so I prefer to consider social/emotional/spiritual wellbeing; “psyche” literally means “the soul” and thus I see the goal of psychotherapy as to help heal the soul. Depression and anxiety are understandable responses to problematic situations, and I enjoy helping to unravel the complicated dynamics of your lived experience in order to achieve your goals. I often work with people around issues of gender, identity, and culture; I also enjoy working with creative people, and people navigating challenging life transitions.
(413) 667-4169 View (413) 667-4169
Photo of Claudia Cumes, Psychologist, PsyD
Claudia Cumes
Psychologist, PsyD
Online Only
Are you facing a particularly difficult time in your life? Are circumstances beyond your control leaving you overwhelmed or stuck? I specialize in online therapy for adults experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, marriage or relationship problems, trauma, work stress or other challenges. Together, we will use your values and strengths to work towards building the life you want.
Are you facing a particularly difficult time in your life? Are circumstances beyond your control leaving you overwhelmed or stuck? I specialize in online therapy for adults experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, marriage or relationship problems, trauma, work stress or other challenges. Together, we will use your values and strengths to work towards building the life you want.
(413) 498-1171 View (413) 498-1171
Photo of Tessa Corcoran-Sayers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Tessa Corcoran-Sayers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Northampton, MA 01062
I’m a white, cis, queer, fat femme clinical social worker from a working class background licensed in Massachusetts (LICSW) and Pennsylvania (LCSW). I recently relocated to western MA from Philly, where I began my practice. My areas of clinical interest include: queer and trans identities; issues surrounding sex and sexuality; fat liberation/body positivity; gender-based violence; ambiguous loss and complex grief; anxiety and depression; trauma; attachment and alternative family structures. I work from a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive framework with attention to how identities and larger systems intersect.
I’m a white, cis, queer, fat femme clinical social worker from a working class background licensed in Massachusetts (LICSW) and Pennsylvania (LCSW). I recently relocated to western MA from Philly, where I began my practice. My areas of clinical interest include: queer and trans identities; issues surrounding sex and sexuality; fat liberation/body positivity; gender-based violence; ambiguous loss and complex grief; anxiety and depression; trauma; attachment and alternative family structures. I work from a trauma-informed and anti-oppressive framework with attention to how identities and larger systems intersect.
(413) 402-6055 View (413) 402-6055
Photo of Susan Hayes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Susan Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Prioritizing your mental health by entering psychotherapy provides an invaluable opportunity for growth and healing. Through therapy, you can explore and address life’s challenges, gaining insight into your emotions and behaviors. This journey can help you uncover the root causes of your struggles and create meaningful change. As your therapist, I work collaboratively with you to help manage difficulties such as relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and identity concerns. I specialize in supporting clients through past trauma, offering strategies and guidance to improve emotional well-being.
Prioritizing your mental health by entering psychotherapy provides an invaluable opportunity for growth and healing. Through therapy, you can explore and address life’s challenges, gaining insight into your emotions and behaviors. This journey can help you uncover the root causes of your struggles and create meaningful change. As your therapist, I work collaboratively with you to help manage difficulties such as relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and identity concerns. I specialize in supporting clients through past trauma, offering strategies and guidance to improve emotional well-being.
(413) 992-3447 View (413) 992-3447
Photo of Milton Hanzel, Counselor, LMHC
Milton Hanzel
Counselor, LMHC
Northampton, MA 01060
My client is the expert on my client and my job is to help unlock their innate wisdom. Our troubles are the side effects of adaptations forged by hardship, and we can change them using strengths in ourselves, families and community. Feeling more connected to others involves communication skills, and tolerance for irritation and vulnerability (inevitable in close relationships). Therapy can help you hold your pain differently. You can feel better living with your past, instead of waiting to get rid of it. I help clients to address spiritual roadblocks and to help build a fulfilling and meaningful life, with the pain.
My client is the expert on my client and my job is to help unlock their innate wisdom. Our troubles are the side effects of adaptations forged by hardship, and we can change them using strengths in ourselves, families and community. Feeling more connected to others involves communication skills, and tolerance for irritation and vulnerability (inevitable in close relationships). Therapy can help you hold your pain differently. You can feel better living with your past, instead of waiting to get rid of it. I help clients to address spiritual roadblocks and to help build a fulfilling and meaningful life, with the pain.
(413) 848-8233 View (413) 848-8233
Photo of Kristin Anthony, Counselor, LMHC, RSMT
Kristin Anthony
Counselor, LMHC, RSMT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! My name is Kristin. I practice Somatic Therapy, which means I help people process stress and trauma on a bodily level. For example, when you feel anxious, where do you feel it? Do your shoulders rise up to your ears? Does your jaw clench? Does your stomach get tense? These kinds of reactions to stress and trauma can manifest as chronic pain, tension, or even as chronic illness over time. Many of my clients are folks who are looking for relief from chronic pain or illness, PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety.
Hello! My name is Kristin. I practice Somatic Therapy, which means I help people process stress and trauma on a bodily level. For example, when you feel anxious, where do you feel it? Do your shoulders rise up to your ears? Does your jaw clench? Does your stomach get tense? These kinds of reactions to stress and trauma can manifest as chronic pain, tension, or even as chronic illness over time. Many of my clients are folks who are looking for relief from chronic pain or illness, PTSD, depression, and/or anxiety.
(413) 422-6985 View (413) 422-6985
Photo of Dr. Bridget Bellwoar, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Dr. Bridget Bellwoar
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Northampton, MA 01060
So often, we can identify the challenges we are experiencing, but we have difficulty processing and understanding them alone. It is my goal to compassionately collaborate with you as we bring greater awareness and acceptance to present moment thoughts, feelings and body sensations. It is through this awareness and increased mind-body connection that we are able to allow, explore and process these difficult experiences. I enjoy working with adults of all backgrounds and identities experiencing difficulty with anxiety, stress, burnout, adjustment, medical issues, professional transitions and development.
So often, we can identify the challenges we are experiencing, but we have difficulty processing and understanding them alone. It is my goal to compassionately collaborate with you as we bring greater awareness and acceptance to present moment thoughts, feelings and body sensations. It is through this awareness and increased mind-body connection that we are able to allow, explore and process these difficult experiences. I enjoy working with adults of all backgrounds and identities experiencing difficulty with anxiety, stress, burnout, adjustment, medical issues, professional transitions and development.
(857) 847-6830 View (857) 847-6830

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 01330

< 10

Therapists in 01330 who prioritize treating:

100% Women's Issues
80% Depression
80% Anxiety
80% Grief
80% Trauma and PTSD
60% Relationship Issues
60% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

32 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Other
50% BlueCross and BlueShield
50% Tufts

How Therapists in 01330 see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

60% Female
20% Male
20% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 01330?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.