Support Groups in 94131

Have you often struggled to distill and articulate your feelings while in the presence of others? Do you desire to embody more balance, ease, and trust with those around you? In this group, we invite exploration of the impact of relational power imbalances. This group may be a good fit for you if you have had the experience of losing your sense of self in close relationships. We will create space for new relational possibilities as they emerge between us, while inviting the cultivation of self-trust and the possibility of strengthening our tolerance for relational differences and tensions.
Photo of Tal Mor, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hosted by Tal Mor
Pre-Licensed Professional
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94131
Have you often struggled to distill and articulate your feelings while in the presence of others? Do you desire to embody more balance, ease, and trust with those around you? In this group, we invite exploration of the impact of relational power imbalances. This group may be a good fit for you if you have had the experience of losing your sense of self in close relationships. We will create space for new relational possibilities as they emerge between us, while inviting the cultivation of self-trust and the possibility of strengthening our tolerance for relational differences and tensions.
(415) 938-5106 View (415) 938-5106
Adventure-based Group Psychotherapy combines psychotherapy with outdoor rock climbing to treat PTSD as well as other mental health disorders including ADHD, Depression, Anxiety and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Groups form healthy relationships to manage risk inherent in the outdoor rock climbing experience. These relationships support epigenetic transitions in development, help to repair parent/child ruptures and build self-efficacy through enhanced feelings of trust, hope, safety, control and mastery. Ideal for children, youth, and their families living in urban communities seeking alternative therapeutic treatment in the local natural environment.
Photo of Dr. Clifton Hicks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Hosted by Dr. Clifton Hicks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94131
Adventure-based Group Psychotherapy combines psychotherapy with outdoor rock climbing to treat PTSD as well as other mental health disorders including ADHD, Depression, Anxiety and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Groups form healthy relationships to manage risk inherent in the outdoor rock climbing experience. These relationships support epigenetic transitions in development, help to repair parent/child ruptures and build self-efficacy through enhanced feelings of trust, hope, safety, control and mastery. Ideal for children, youth, and their families living in urban communities seeking alternative therapeutic treatment in the local natural environment.
(415) 971-4974 View (415) 971-4974
These groups meet each Wednesday evening at 515pm and 7pm, lasting for 90 minutes each. These are hybrid groups meaning they are in-person while a handful of times in the year meeting on zoom. The initial commitment is four months though many stay in groups for years. For those who learn by doing, you will get immense value and satisfaction from an Interpersonal Psychotherapy Process Group. You will learn about your relationship patterns and change the ones that don't work, all while offering both support and challenge, where members hold each other accountable.
Photo of Berne Fitzpatrick, Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Hosted by Berne Fitzpatrick
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94131
These groups meet each Wednesday evening at 515pm and 7pm, lasting for 90 minutes each. These are hybrid groups meaning they are in-person while a handful of times in the year meeting on zoom. The initial commitment is four months though many stay in groups for years. For those who learn by doing, you will get immense value and satisfaction from an Interpersonal Psychotherapy Process Group. You will learn about your relationship patterns and change the ones that don't work, all while offering both support and challenge, where members hold each other accountable.
(415) 236-5578 View (415) 236-5578
Tuesday, 6 PM to 7 PM, weekly. Meet virtually. In Network Insurance accepted: Aetna, Optum, United Healthcare, Blue Shield of California
Photo of Devon Cortright, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Devon Cortright
Psychologist, PsyD
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94131
Tuesday, 6 PM to 7 PM, weekly. Meet virtually. In Network Insurance accepted: Aetna, Optum, United Healthcare, Blue Shield of California
(415) 969-6169 View (415) 969-6169

More Groups Nearby

Evidence based treatment strategies for managing Bipolar Mood Disorders. Education and skills provided, as well as support from fellow group members. For people living with Bipolar Disorder, the unique setting of a safe, open space allows for profound connection and empathy. Managing extreme mood fluctuation is challenging and hearing other people’s ways of coping can be life changing. During each group, I will provide an education topic and guide participants to share and provide support for one another.
Photo of Mary Deyo, Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Hosted by Mary Deyo
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94114
Evidence based treatment strategies for managing Bipolar Mood Disorders. Education and skills provided, as well as support from fellow group members. For people living with Bipolar Disorder, the unique setting of a safe, open space allows for profound connection and empathy. Managing extreme mood fluctuation is challenging and hearing other people’s ways of coping can be life changing. During each group, I will provide an education topic and guide participants to share and provide support for one another.
(707) 336-8493 View (707) 336-8493
Parents' Turn is a six session, skill building and support group for parents of adolescents and young adults. Offered in a small group, private practice setting , this program offers practical tools, support and professional consultation. Next session begins on 10/29/2015. For more information, please visit margolevi.com/parent-group.html
Photo of Margo Levi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hosted by Margo Levi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94114
Parents' Turn is a six session, skill building and support group for parents of adolescents and young adults. Offered in a small group, private practice setting , this program offers practical tools, support and professional consultation. Next session begins on 10/29/2015. For more information, please visit margolevi.com/parent-group.html
(415) 423-1030 View (415) 423-1030
Meet peers who have DID/OSDD, give and share support and wisdom about how to navigate being a system, and develop a sense of community and belonging in this facilitated group! We start with a grounding or mindfulness exercise, do a brief check-in, move on to shares and feedback, and close with a check-out activity. This is a respectful, inclusive space, where all parts are welcome. Regular attendance helps members develop a sense of safety and consistency, and members are encouraged to bring their own ideas for grounding or checkout activities. Make this group your own!
Photo of Kylie Svenson - Neurodiversity-Affirming Therapy with Kylie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Hosted by Neurodiversity-Affirming Therapy with Kylie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94115
Meet peers who have DID/OSDD, give and share support and wisdom about how to navigate being a system, and develop a sense of community and belonging in this facilitated group! We start with a grounding or mindfulness exercise, do a brief check-in, move on to shares and feedback, and close with a check-out activity. This is a respectful, inclusive space, where all parts are welcome. Regular attendance helps members develop a sense of safety and consistency, and members are encouraged to bring their own ideas for grounding or checkout activities. Make this group your own!
(628) 227-6135 View (628) 227-6135
Join this teen girls' group to build healthy life and relationship skills, improve self-confidence and self-esteem, and encourage self-regulation and social-skills. In these groups you will practice self-advocacy including assertiveness and setting boundaries, promote positive coping skills, and learn more about resilience and mental health.
Photo of Raquel Buchanan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Hosted by Raquel Buchanan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in Pacifica, CA 94044
Join this teen girls' group to build healthy life and relationship skills, improve self-confidence and self-esteem, and encourage self-regulation and social-skills. In these groups you will practice self-advocacy including assertiveness and setting boundaries, promote positive coping skills, and learn more about resilience and mental health.
(650) 582-1839 View (650) 582-1839
Exhausted by conflict at home? Struggling with a defiant or aggressive child? Maybe it's time for a powerful new approach that will help restore peace and confidence. Our supportive group sessions will focus on rebuilding trust, managing misbehavior, and creating a calmer, more connected home. This support group is based on the Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) and principles of Nonviolent Resistance (NVR). Led in-person in San Francisco over 8 weekly sessions, Mondays 5:30-7PM (April 14-June 2, 2025). Michelle Copley is a California Registered Associate MFT #152407 supervised by Tarrah Wauson, LMFT.
Photo of Michelle Copley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, JD, AMFT
Hosted by Michelle Copley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, JD, AMFT
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94114
Exhausted by conflict at home? Struggling with a defiant or aggressive child? Maybe it's time for a powerful new approach that will help restore peace and confidence. Our supportive group sessions will focus on rebuilding trust, managing misbehavior, and creating a calmer, more connected home. This support group is based on the Nurtured Heart Approach (NHA) and principles of Nonviolent Resistance (NVR). Led in-person in San Francisco over 8 weekly sessions, Mondays 5:30-7PM (April 14-June 2, 2025). Michelle Copley is a California Registered Associate MFT #152407 supervised by Tarrah Wauson, LMFT.
(628) 285-1662 View (628) 285-1662
This group is an opportunity to explore how you relate to others in real time. Rather than following a set agenda, we will attend to what arises between us in the moment. Through open and honest conversation, participants deepen emotional awareness, discover relational patterns, and come to understand their impact on others as it unfolds. The group is for adults ages who are curious about how they show up with others and who are willing to engage authentically in community together.
Photo of George Boyar, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Hosted by George Boyar
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94114
This group is an opportunity to explore how you relate to others in real time. Rather than following a set agenda, we will attend to what arises between us in the moment. Through open and honest conversation, participants deepen emotional awareness, discover relational patterns, and come to understand their impact on others as it unfolds. The group is for adults ages who are curious about how they show up with others and who are willing to engage authentically in community together.
(415) 367-0083 View (415) 367-0083
Losing someone you love can be one of the most painful life experiences. Sometimes, the most at peace you can be is surrounded by people who understand what you are experiencing. Our next 10 week group starts Wednesday August 30th. Call us at (925) 263-2342 to register.
Photo of Arie E Koster, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Arie E Koster
Psychologist, PsyD
Group meets in Danville, CA 94526
Losing someone you love can be one of the most painful life experiences. Sometimes, the most at peace you can be is surrounded by people who understand what you are experiencing. Our next 10 week group starts Wednesday August 30th. Call us at (925) 263-2342 to register.
(925) 900-5643 View (925) 900-5643
Topics: mindful eating, understanding cravings, dealing with feelings, changing unhelpful beliefs about eating, identifying hungers, self-soothing without food, and improving body image.
Photo of Julie Kraft, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Hosted by Julie Kraft
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PMH-C
Group meets in San Ramon, CA 94583
Topics: mindful eating, understanding cravings, dealing with feelings, changing unhelpful beliefs about eating, identifying hungers, self-soothing without food, and improving body image.
(925) 966-1672 View (925) 966-1672
This group is a six-week therapy group for women, blending the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model and mindfulness. This group is tailored for those navigating grief, trauma, relationship shifts, and career challenges along with a safe space for exploration. I offer guided exercises, discussions, & compassionate support to empower you to deepen your self-awareness and resilience. Each session delves into parts recognition, self-compassion, healing exiled parts, and integrating the inner self. Join this transformative journey, celebrating progress and setting intentions for ongoing transformation. 'Embracing Change' offers women strength, solace, and authentic resilience. Contact me for a free consultation.
Photo of Kelly Albrecht, Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW, IFS
Hosted by Kelly Albrecht
Pre-Licensed Professional, ASW, IFS
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94609
This group is a six-week therapy group for women, blending the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model and mindfulness. This group is tailored for those navigating grief, trauma, relationship shifts, and career challenges along with a safe space for exploration. I offer guided exercises, discussions, & compassionate support to empower you to deepen your self-awareness and resilience. Each session delves into parts recognition, self-compassion, healing exiled parts, and integrating the inner self. Join this transformative journey, celebrating progress and setting intentions for ongoing transformation. 'Embracing Change' offers women strength, solace, and authentic resilience. Contact me for a free consultation.
(415) 855-7073 View (415) 855-7073
The SM Group Intensive is a 1 week program for children with selective mutism. The goal is to create an analog classroom and provide opportunities for children to talk to new people, in new places and in activities that are typically challenging for them. Each child has individualized goals and a 1:1 counselor to support them during the week.
Photo of Christy Tadros, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Hosted by Christy Tadros
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94108
The SM Group Intensive is a 1 week program for children with selective mutism. The goal is to create an analog classroom and provide opportunities for children to talk to new people, in new places and in activities that are typically challenging for them. Each child has individualized goals and a 1:1 counselor to support them during the week.
(628) 266-4174 View (628) 266-4174
This San Leandro Couples Collective provides a supportive, experiential learning opportunity for couples to strengthen collaborative communication tools and practices. The Purpose of this Group is for Couples to: ?~ Anchor relational security, intimate connection, trust and love ?~ Build confidence in approaching significant conversations, navigating differences and defusing conflict ?~ Cultivate reflective listening, empathy and attunement skills to deepen mutual understanding ?~ Decrease defensiveness and strengthen mutual respect ?~ Increase skills for clearing grievances and managing repair conversations ?~ Nurture affection, appreciation, admiration and positive sentiment cycles ?~ Clarify shared values and develop more shared meaning ?~ Reviving and enhancing romantic, intimate and sexual connectedness
Photo of Michael S Gelbart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Hosted by Michael S Gelbart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Group meets in San Leandro, CA 94577
This San Leandro Couples Collective provides a supportive, experiential learning opportunity for couples to strengthen collaborative communication tools and practices. The Purpose of this Group is for Couples to: ?~ Anchor relational security, intimate connection, trust and love ?~ Build confidence in approaching significant conversations, navigating differences and defusing conflict ?~ Cultivate reflective listening, empathy and attunement skills to deepen mutual understanding ?~ Decrease defensiveness and strengthen mutual respect ?~ Increase skills for clearing grievances and managing repair conversations ?~ Nurture affection, appreciation, admiration and positive sentiment cycles ?~ Clarify shared values and develop more shared meaning ?~ Reviving and enhancing romantic, intimate and sexual connectedness
(510) 314-8363 View (510) 314-8363
Our free virtual parent support group is facilitated by a licensed therapist and offers parents of teens a vital lifeline in today's challenging parenting landscape. This weekly online group provides a safe, confidential space where caregivers connect, share experiences, and exchange resources. Participants gain support as they navigate complex issues such as mental health concerns, substance abuse, behavioral problems, academic pressures, and social media challenges. By fostering a supportive community, we empower parents to build resilience, practice their own self-care, and guide their teens through adolescence with confidence and compassion. Register for this community group on our website.
Photo of Kara Gross - Evolve East Bay Teen Treatment Center, Treatment Center
Hosted by Evolve East Bay Teen Treatment Center
Treatment Center
Group meets in Danville, CA 94526
Our free virtual parent support group is facilitated by a licensed therapist and offers parents of teens a vital lifeline in today's challenging parenting landscape. This weekly online group provides a safe, confidential space where caregivers connect, share experiences, and exchange resources. Participants gain support as they navigate complex issues such as mental health concerns, substance abuse, behavioral problems, academic pressures, and social media challenges. By fostering a supportive community, we empower parents to build resilience, practice their own self-care, and guide their teens through adolescence with confidence and compassion. Register for this community group on our website.
(925) 886-0258 View (925) 886-0258
Sober Moms Therapy Group from 12:15PM - 1:45PM; Husbands of Sober Spouses Therapy Group from 2:15PM - 3:45PM; and, Licensed Professionals in Recovery Therapy Group 4:15PM - 5:45PM. Learn more at howserlmft.com.
Photo of Dylan C Howser, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MEd
Hosted by Dylan C Howser
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MEd
Group meets in Berkeley, CA 94704
Sober Moms Therapy Group from 12:15PM - 1:45PM; Husbands of Sober Spouses Therapy Group from 2:15PM - 3:45PM; and, Licensed Professionals in Recovery Therapy Group 4:15PM - 5:45PM. Learn more at howserlmft.com.
(510) 726-7751 View (510) 726-7751
Together with a yoga teacher, I am co-facilitating a grief support group at no charge for people from around the world to learn to practice psychological and spiritual tools to move through grief. For more information about The Global Village, Letting Go of Grief, please go to yaelmelamed.com and click on: psychotherapy---> group. Next group starts on December 5, 2021.
Photo of Yael Melamed - Yael Melamed, A Marriage Family Therapy Corp., Marriage & Family Therapist, MBA, MFT
Hosted by Yael Melamed, A Marriage Family Therapy Corp.
Marriage & Family Therapist, MBA, MFT
Group meets in San Francisco, CA 94123
Together with a yoga teacher, I am co-facilitating a grief support group at no charge for people from around the world to learn to practice psychological and spiritual tools to move through grief. For more information about The Global Village, Letting Go of Grief, please go to yaelmelamed.com and click on: psychotherapy---> group. Next group starts on December 5, 2021.
(415) 463-4605 View (415) 463-4605
This process-oriented therapy group offers young adults (18-30) an evidence-based alternative to AA/NA for exploring their relationship with substances and sobriety. Drawing on CBT, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing, we focus on building coping skills, emotional regulation, and self-discovery through meaningful connections with peers. There's no required abstinence and no one-size-fits-all approach—just a confidential space to explore what recovery means for you, alongside others navigating similar questions. This is an open, ongoing group where clients can join whenever they're ready. We meet on telehealth.
Photo of Ryan Berardi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Hosted by Ryan Berardi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Group meets in Orinda, CA 94563
This process-oriented therapy group offers young adults (18-30) an evidence-based alternative to AA/NA for exploring their relationship with substances and sobriety. Drawing on CBT, DBT, and Motivational Interviewing, we focus on building coping skills, emotional regulation, and self-discovery through meaningful connections with peers. There's no required abstinence and no one-size-fits-all approach—just a confidential space to explore what recovery means for you, alongside others navigating similar questions. This is an open, ongoing group where clients can join whenever they're ready. We meet on telehealth.
(925) 886-3996 View (925) 886-3996
This in-person session of Outlers is for women 55 and older. You are welcome to the group whether you came out last week or six years ago. Coming out is a journey, not the final destination. Group members will share their wisdom and resources while enjoying mutual support, laughter, and diverse perspectives along the way. This group will provide a safe and confidential space to explore the emotions, experiences, and challenges late bloomers may encounter. The group will run for 8 weeks.
Photo of Luna Calderon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hosted by Luna Calderon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Group meets in Oakland, CA 94611
This in-person session of Outlers is for women 55 and older. You are welcome to the group whether you came out last week or six years ago. Coming out is a journey, not the final destination. Group members will share their wisdom and resources while enjoying mutual support, laughter, and diverse perspectives along the way. This group will provide a safe and confidential space to explore the emotions, experiences, and challenges late bloomers may encounter. The group will run for 8 weeks.
(510) 930-3730 View (510) 930-3730

See more therapy options for 94131

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in 94131?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.