Therapists in Pretoria

Photo of Kemisetso Malatji, General Counsellor
Kemisetso Malatji
General Counsellor
Pretoria 0002
I am a Specialist Wellness Counsellor. My experience has equipped me to deal with people from all walks of life, I believe that we all experience life changing situations in our journey of life, which can be overwhelming, however if we have support, or a person who can guarantee confidentiality, a safe and non-judgmental environment for us to talk about our life changing experiences we become hopeful. I am passionate about making a positive difference in the lives of those I engage with, by instilling hope and empowering individuals. I ensure you non-judgmental, safe and confidential environment of counselling.
I am a Specialist Wellness Counsellor. My experience has equipped me to deal with people from all walks of life, I believe that we all experience life changing situations in our journey of life, which can be overwhelming, however if we have support, or a person who can guarantee confidentiality, a safe and non-judgmental environment for us to talk about our life changing experiences we become hopeful. I am passionate about making a positive difference in the lives of those I engage with, by instilling hope and empowering individuals. I ensure you non-judgmental, safe and confidential environment of counselling.
087 250 0513 x58 View 087 250 0513 x58
Photo of Christel Roux, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Christel Roux
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Pretoria 0081
Just imagine a life where you know your worth—free from the weight of self-doubt. I am passionate about empowering young women, helping them heal, grow, and thrive. Do you feel held back by patterns of self-doubt, overwhelm, emotional pain, anxiety, or past experiences? You don't have to stay stuck. I offer a safe and supportive space where you can release what no longer serves you and build the confidence to move forward. Together, we’ll help you reconnect with your strength, heal from the past, and step boldly into your full potential.
Just imagine a life where you know your worth—free from the weight of self-doubt. I am passionate about empowering young women, helping them heal, grow, and thrive. Do you feel held back by patterns of self-doubt, overwhelm, emotional pain, anxiety, or past experiences? You don't have to stay stuck. I offer a safe and supportive space where you can release what no longer serves you and build the confidence to move forward. Together, we’ll help you reconnect with your strength, heal from the past, and step boldly into your full potential.
087 250 0902 x35 View 087 250 0902 x35
Photo of Julia Shatalov, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Julia Shatalov
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
10 Endorsed
Pretoria 0184
We all can feel unheard & lonely, believe we aren't 'good enough', criticize ourselves, experience toxic relationships, trauma, & question ourselves or who we are. Life happens, we make mistakes & it's okay to admit if we aren't coping. During those times, therapy can be one of the most valuable investments you make in yourself—to help you cope more effectively with challenges, heal from trauma, build healthier relationships, & enhance your overall well-being. My name is Julia, and I am a dynamic counsellor with 3 degrees & 10+ years of expertise spanning the NPO, community, wellness, & clinical sectors.
We all can feel unheard & lonely, believe we aren't 'good enough', criticize ourselves, experience toxic relationships, trauma, & question ourselves or who we are. Life happens, we make mistakes & it's okay to admit if we aren't coping. During those times, therapy can be one of the most valuable investments you make in yourself—to help you cope more effectively with challenges, heal from trauma, build healthier relationships, & enhance your overall well-being. My name is Julia, and I am a dynamic counsellor with 3 degrees & 10+ years of expertise spanning the NPO, community, wellness, & clinical sectors.
087 250 3069 x55 View 087 250 3069 x55
Photo of Mpho Njane Lily Mbewe, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Mpho Njane Lily Mbewe
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Pretoria 0002
I completed my MA (Counselling Psychology) at Rhodes University in 2014 and am registered as a Counselling Psychologist with the HPCSA (PS 0123757). Has post-qualification training in impact therapy, NBI and and BWRT (Brain Working Recursive Therapy- Level 1). Work Experience: I have worked with a wide student population in various Higher Learning Institutions. I am an educator at a private Higher Learning Institution (SACAP) and engage with a diverse student population within this environment.
I completed my MA (Counselling Psychology) at Rhodes University in 2014 and am registered as a Counselling Psychologist with the HPCSA (PS 0123757). Has post-qualification training in impact therapy, NBI and and BWRT (Brain Working Recursive Therapy- Level 1). Work Experience: I have worked with a wide student population in various Higher Learning Institutions. I am an educator at a private Higher Learning Institution (SACAP) and engage with a diverse student population within this environment.
087 250 2910 x26 View 087 250 2910 x26
Photo of Nhletelo Mathebula, Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Nhletelo Mathebula
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
I am a counselling psychologist with a profound passion for promoting mental health care. Based in Gauteng, South Africa, I offer a safe and affirming therapeutic space where individuals of all ages, identities, and backgrounds are seen, heard, and supported. My practice is rooted in holistic, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based interventions tailored to meet your individual needs. Whether you're navigating life transitions, trauma, anxiety, or simply seeking deeper self-understanding, I walk alongside you with empathy and expertise, helping you move toward healing, growth, and meaningful change.
I am a counselling psychologist with a profound passion for promoting mental health care. Based in Gauteng, South Africa, I offer a safe and affirming therapeutic space where individuals of all ages, identities, and backgrounds are seen, heard, and supported. My practice is rooted in holistic, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based interventions tailored to meet your individual needs. Whether you're navigating life transitions, trauma, anxiety, or simply seeking deeper self-understanding, I walk alongside you with empathy and expertise, helping you move toward healing, growth, and meaningful change.
087 250 0409 x43 View 087 250 0409 x43
Photo of Michelle Beneke, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Michelle Beneke
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Pretoria 0002
I am a therapist who work with individuals. I see children, adolescents and adults. Each patient is a person with a unique biography which include both their joys and struggles. I focus on the person and through our relationship I do my best to help them to understand their thoughts and feelings and to get to know why they feel and behave the way they do. On our journey together we explore whatever they bring, be it a thought, a feeling, a relationship, a dream, a stuckness or a symptom. Therapy, like other relationships, can be difficult. The difference is that this relationship’s purpose is to bring healing and acceptance.
I am a therapist who work with individuals. I see children, adolescents and adults. Each patient is a person with a unique biography which include both their joys and struggles. I focus on the person and through our relationship I do my best to help them to understand their thoughts and feelings and to get to know why they feel and behave the way they do. On our journey together we explore whatever they bring, be it a thought, a feeling, a relationship, a dream, a stuckness or a symptom. Therapy, like other relationships, can be difficult. The difference is that this relationship’s purpose is to bring healing and acceptance.
087 250 0412 x15 View 087 250 0412 x15
Photo of Lisieux Schoeman, General Counsellor
Lisieux Schoeman
General Counsellor
Online Only
My name is Lisieux Schoeman, I’m a Wellness Counsellor offering supportive, client-centred care through my practice, The Rooted Self. I work with children, adolescents, adults and families, and have experience supporting clients navigating trauma, domestic violence, anxiety, and major life changes. My approach is warm, non-judgmental, and focused on empowering you with practical strategies and emotional clarity.
My name is Lisieux Schoeman, I’m a Wellness Counsellor offering supportive, client-centred care through my practice, The Rooted Self. I work with children, adolescents, adults and families, and have experience supporting clients navigating trauma, domestic violence, anxiety, and major life changes. My approach is warm, non-judgmental, and focused on empowering you with practical strategies and emotional clarity.
087 250 0592 x72 View 087 250 0592 x72
Photo of Rouxlé Stroebel, General Counsellor
Rouxlé Stroebel
General Counsellor
4 Endorsed
Pretoria 0184
I help Christian women and couples who feel overwhelmed or disconnected find their way forward with compassion and hope. I work with women who are stuck in the messiness of life. Women who feel weighed down by regret, self-doubt, trauma, or grief. Together, we uncover meaning, restore self-acceptance, and take gentle, practical steps forward. I also support Christian couples who have lost their emotional connection. Whether couples are preparing for marriage or trying to rebuild after repeated conflict or betrayal, I help couples communicate more openly, express needs safely, and rediscover what it means to be a team again.
I help Christian women and couples who feel overwhelmed or disconnected find their way forward with compassion and hope. I work with women who are stuck in the messiness of life. Women who feel weighed down by regret, self-doubt, trauma, or grief. Together, we uncover meaning, restore self-acceptance, and take gentle, practical steps forward. I also support Christian couples who have lost their emotional connection. Whether couples are preparing for marriage or trying to rebuild after repeated conflict or betrayal, I help couples communicate more openly, express needs safely, and rediscover what it means to be a team again.
087 250 0616 x63 View 087 250 0616 x63
Photo of Senyatsi Tema, Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Senyatsi Tema
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Pretoria 0184
Over the years I have trained to become a Clinical Psychologist, I was intrigued by the studies in the field of Psychology on how they conceptualize psychological and psychiatric problems. Through the experience in the field I have realized no single theory can be expected to explain the complexity of an individual’s unique mind. I am working with individuals, adults, couples and families to allow reconnection to hope and humour.
Over the years I have trained to become a Clinical Psychologist, I was intrigued by the studies in the field of Psychology on how they conceptualize psychological and psychiatric problems. Through the experience in the field I have realized no single theory can be expected to explain the complexity of an individual’s unique mind. I am working with individuals, adults, couples and families to allow reconnection to hope and humour.
087 250 0914 x60 View 087 250 0914 x60
Photo of Dori-Anne Nicollette Erasmus, Social Worker, SACSSP
Dori-Anne Nicollette Erasmus
Social Worker, SACSSP
Online Only
As a Registered Social Worker, accredited by the South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP), I believe that true healing doesn't happen in a vacuum. You are not just struggling with a set of symptoms; you are navigating complex personal, relational, and societal systems that significantly impact your well-being. My approach is holistic and systemic: we won't just focus on what's happening internally, but also on the external factors contributing to your stress, anxiety, or emotional pain.
As a Registered Social Worker, accredited by the South African Council for Social Service Professions (SACSSP), I believe that true healing doesn't happen in a vacuum. You are not just struggling with a set of symptoms; you are navigating complex personal, relational, and societal systems that significantly impact your well-being. My approach is holistic and systemic: we won't just focus on what's happening internally, but also on the external factors contributing to your stress, anxiety, or emotional pain.
087 250 0409 x86 View 087 250 0409 x86
Photo of Emile Wilmans - Counselling Psychologist - Online & Face-to-Face, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Counselling Psychologist - Online & Face-to-Face
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Pretoria 0184
I follow an integrative and style shift therapy approach via ONLINE and/or Face-to-Face counselling. I am trained in General & Eco Systemic Theories, Stratified Systems Theory, Cognitive Therapy, Behaviour Therapy, Person Centered Therapy, Multimodal Therapy, Reality Therapy, Crisis Intervention, Problem Solving Therapy, Clinical Hypnotherapy, various Trauma therapies, Solution Focused Therapy, as well as multiple treatment related psychometric and other treatment related assessment instruments. I am also trained in Multiple Industrial/Organisational assessment instruments (CPA, MBTI, BarOn-EQi, PPA, DISC, etc.).
I follow an integrative and style shift therapy approach via ONLINE and/or Face-to-Face counselling. I am trained in General & Eco Systemic Theories, Stratified Systems Theory, Cognitive Therapy, Behaviour Therapy, Person Centered Therapy, Multimodal Therapy, Reality Therapy, Crisis Intervention, Problem Solving Therapy, Clinical Hypnotherapy, various Trauma therapies, Solution Focused Therapy, as well as multiple treatment related psychometric and other treatment related assessment instruments. I am also trained in Multiple Industrial/Organisational assessment instruments (CPA, MBTI, BarOn-EQi, PPA, DISC, etc.).
087 250 2042 x57 View 087 250 2042 x57
Photo of Vusumuzi Phenyane, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Vusumuzi Phenyane
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Pretoria 0002
I am a counselling psychologist in Pretoria with a strong background in Christianity. I worked as a pastor for over 25 years before training as a psychologist. However, when you consult with me, you consult with a psychologist, not a pastor, unless you require spiritual counselling. I worked with couples who experienced challenges using the Marriage Encounter approach to strengthen their relationships and couples who are ready to throw in the towel by using Retroavaille approach to give them a lifeline. I work with adults (individuals and couples) to explore their challenges. I offer a safe and supportive environment.
I am a counselling psychologist in Pretoria with a strong background in Christianity. I worked as a pastor for over 25 years before training as a psychologist. However, when you consult with me, you consult with a psychologist, not a pastor, unless you require spiritual counselling. I worked with couples who experienced challenges using the Marriage Encounter approach to strengthen their relationships and couples who are ready to throw in the towel by using Retroavaille approach to give them a lifeline. I work with adults (individuals and couples) to explore their challenges. I offer a safe and supportive environment.
087 250 2477 x51 View 087 250 2477 x51
Photo of Rahila Waka, General Counsellor, MA
Rahila Waka
General Counsellor, MA
Online Only
Life is filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, know that you're not alone. I offer a warm and welcoming space, rooted in compassion and understanding, where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Using DBT, CBT & Person-certred therapy - we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and resilience, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
Life is filled with ups and downs that leave us feeling lost or overwhelmed. If you struggle with difficult emotions, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, know that you're not alone. I offer a warm and welcoming space, rooted in compassion and understanding, where you can share your story without fear of judgment. I understand that reaching out for help can be daunting, but know that you're taking a courageous step toward healing and growth. Using DBT, CBT & Person-certred therapy - we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and resilience, where your feelings are honored and your experiences are met with empathy.
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Photo of Motlalepula Queen Masetla - Motlalepula Queen Masetla Wellness Counsellor, General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Motlalepula Queen Masetla Wellness Counsellor
General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Pretoria 0084
Are you looking for a safe space, grounding techniques, coping skills, problem solving skills and other skills? Well look no further, your mental health matters, your feelings are valid, you have a voice, you are important and you matter.
Are you looking for a safe space, grounding techniques, coping skills, problem solving skills and other skills? Well look no further, your mental health matters, your feelings are valid, you have a voice, you are important and you matter.
087 250 0062 x49 View 087 250 0062 x49
Photo of Girly Mamhlophe Nkosana, Social Worker, SACSSP
Girly Mamhlophe Nkosana
Social Worker, SACSSP
Pretoria 0002
My passion is to help individuals cope with life challenges and obstacles that seem impossible to overcome on their own. I have helped individuals cope with trauma, depression, family and work related stressors. The aim is to create a safe space with non judgmental attitude where an individual can be heard and respected irrespective of their background. By incorporating Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Strength Based and Person Centered Approach, I am able to help a client have a different perspective to their challenges. The journey is not meant to be walked alone. Allow us to be there for you throughout the journey.
My passion is to help individuals cope with life challenges and obstacles that seem impossible to overcome on their own. I have helped individuals cope with trauma, depression, family and work related stressors. The aim is to create a safe space with non judgmental attitude where an individual can be heard and respected irrespective of their background. By incorporating Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Strength Based and Person Centered Approach, I am able to help a client have a different perspective to their challenges. The journey is not meant to be walked alone. Allow us to be there for you throughout the journey.
087 250 2464 x32 View 087 250 2464 x32
Photo of Grace Nomthandazo Lubisi - Gracious social work services, Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
Gracious social work services
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons
1 Endorsed
Pretoria 0002
Are you looking for the following services? Marital therapy, family therapy, addiction counseling, guardianship, trauma debriefing and bereavement counseling, then search no more we offer the above services and more, if you can not come to us we come to you
Are you looking for the following services? Marital therapy, family therapy, addiction counseling, guardianship, trauma debriefing and bereavement counseling, then search no more we offer the above services and more, if you can not come to us we come to you
087 250 2042 x89 View 087 250 2042 x89
Photo of Charmaine Keitumetse Mojapelo, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Charmaine Keitumetse Mojapelo
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Pretoria 0184
I work predominantly from a systemic approach. This approach considers people in relationships, dealing with interactions, interactional patterns and the context in which this occurs in. I take special care in forming a genuine connection with my clients and place importance on creating a warm, empathetic environment in order for optimum personal growth and healing to occur. My approach also considers each individual’s unique cultural and spiritual background.
I work predominantly from a systemic approach. This approach considers people in relationships, dealing with interactions, interactional patterns and the context in which this occurs in. I take special care in forming a genuine connection with my clients and place importance on creating a warm, empathetic environment in order for optimum personal growth and healing to occur. My approach also considers each individual’s unique cultural and spiritual background.
087 250 0160 x11 View 087 250 0160 x11
Photo of Thabo Lephoto, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Thabo Lephoto
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
3 Endorsed
Pretoria 0002
As a compassionate and empathetic psychologist, I provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their challenges and work towards healing and growth. With expertise in Schema therapy, CBT and psychodynamic approaches, I help clients navigate complex issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.
As a compassionate and empathetic psychologist, I provide a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their challenges and work towards healing and growth. With expertise in Schema therapy, CBT and psychodynamic approaches, I help clients navigate complex issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders.
087 250 0049 x57 View 087 250 0049 x57
Photo of Simone Du Plessis - Elosiah Christian Counselling, General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Elosiah Christian Counselling
General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Online Only
Many people come to counseling feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or weighed down by grief, relationship challenges, or life transitions. You may be longing for peace, direction, or simply a safe space to share what you’re going through.
Many people come to counseling feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or weighed down by grief, relationship challenges, or life transitions. You may be longing for peace, direction, or simply a safe space to share what you’re going through.
087 250 2477 x84 View 087 250 2477 x84
Photo of Kgomotso Motsepe, Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Kgomotso Motsepe
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Pretoria 0002
My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy ,compassion, recognising, and appreciating the complexities of the human functioning. Access to psychotherapy is an investment not only for ourselves but for our loved ones. I am HPCSA registered and licensed Clinical Psychologist with the ability to build rapport to facilitate client insight and growth. I am a multilingual and skilled to work within a multicultural context, with individuals, groups, couples and families.
My approach to therapy is rooted in empathy ,compassion, recognising, and appreciating the complexities of the human functioning. Access to psychotherapy is an investment not only for ourselves but for our loved ones. I am HPCSA registered and licensed Clinical Psychologist with the ability to build rapport to facilitate client insight and growth. I am a multilingual and skilled to work within a multicultural context, with individuals, groups, couples and families.
087 250 0782 x95 View 087 250 0782 x95

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Pretoria

100+

Average cost per session

R600

Counsellors in Pretoria who prioritize treating:

72% Anxiety
70% Relationship Issues
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief
64% Self Esteem
62% Depression

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Bonitas
85% Discovery Health
80% Fedhealth

How Counsellors in Pretoria see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Pretoria?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.