Therapists in Calhoun, GA

Photo of Angela Smith, LPC, NCC, CPCS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CPCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calhoun, GA 30701
According to Victor Frankl, "When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." When we get tired of symptoms, situations and stress, we look for ways to alleviate our suffering. I collaborate with individuals, couples and families to work through problems to find healthy solutions so that they can live the life they were meant to live.
According to Victor Frankl, "When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." When we get tired of symptoms, situations and stress, we look for ways to alleviate our suffering. I collaborate with individuals, couples and families to work through problems to find healthy solutions so that they can live the life they were meant to live.
(762) 239-4408 View (762) 239-4408
Photo of Shannon Mathis Meyer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shannon Mathis Meyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
I am a licensed clinical social worker and a trauma-informed therapist with twelve years of clinical experience. I use techniques such as EMDR, CBT, DBT, ERP, Motivational Interviewing, and Interpersonal psychotherapy to identify and address your concerns collaboratively. I work best with clients 13 years and above, and My areas of expertise include trauma, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, OCD, interpersonal conflicts, life transitions, and LGBTQIA+ issues. I whole-heartedly believe that people can change and grow and heal from trauma and any other experience they have in their past.
I am a licensed clinical social worker and a trauma-informed therapist with twelve years of clinical experience. I use techniques such as EMDR, CBT, DBT, ERP, Motivational Interviewing, and Interpersonal psychotherapy to identify and address your concerns collaboratively. I work best with clients 13 years and above, and My areas of expertise include trauma, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, OCD, interpersonal conflicts, life transitions, and LGBTQIA+ issues. I whole-heartedly believe that people can change and grow and heal from trauma and any other experience they have in their past.
(706) 981-9586 View (706) 981-9586
Calhoun Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, DMin, SAP, DAPA
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
I specialize in the treatment of adolescents and adults suffering from anxiety, depression and substance abuse. Our staff consists of Clinical psychologists, Licensed Professional Counselors, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Substance Abuse Professional.
I specialize in the treatment of adolescents and adults suffering from anxiety, depression and substance abuse. Our staff consists of Clinical psychologists, Licensed Professional Counselors, Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Substance Abuse Professional.
(706) 979-2158 View (706) 979-2158
Photo of Zack Townsend - Rise Wellness Counseling & Consulting, LCSW, MDiv, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rise Wellness Counseling & Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
Rise Wellness exists to create pathways of transformation for those we serve. Whether you are trying to overcome a major challenge, or simply desiring to level up, we are here to help. By partnering with you in your journey, we believe that we can help bring about real and lasting change. We believe that every individual, couple, and family deserves to have access to quality, professional care. No matter what you are facing in life, there is hope! You have now taken the first step toward embracing the life you deserve.
Rise Wellness exists to create pathways of transformation for those we serve. Whether you are trying to overcome a major challenge, or simply desiring to level up, we are here to help. By partnering with you in your journey, we believe that we can help bring about real and lasting change. We believe that every individual, couple, and family deserves to have access to quality, professional care. No matter what you are facing in life, there is hope! You have now taken the first step toward embracing the life you deserve.
(706) 203-2027 View (706) 203-2027
Photo of John L Bledsoe - Calhoun Counseling Center, PhDDMin, Licensed Professional Counselor
Calhoun Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhDDMin
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
My therapy is client focused. I see clients virtually in their homes, office, and any place they have privacy and WiFi. I ask them to share why they came for counseling and listen intently in the attempt to understand their problems and why they are seeking help. I ascertain if they are court ordered or if they came on their own. I conduct a short assessment to identify their problem (s) and focus on their issues. I assess the need for medication and recommend them when needed. I address relationship issues, mental health issues and/or addiction. I take insurance and credit cards. My PhD is in Counseling Psychology.
My therapy is client focused. I see clients virtually in their homes, office, and any place they have privacy and WiFi. I ask them to share why they came for counseling and listen intently in the attempt to understand their problems and why they are seeking help. I ascertain if they are court ordered or if they came on their own. I conduct a short assessment to identify their problem (s) and focus on their issues. I assess the need for medication and recommend them when needed. I address relationship issues, mental health issues and/or addiction. I take insurance and credit cards. My PhD is in Counseling Psychology.
(706) 702-8075 View (706) 702-8075
Photo of Susan L Maehre, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan L Maehre
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
I see life as a journey and find my passion in accompanying individuals in their quest for a fulfilling and purposeful life. I have worked with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, addiction, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and relationship issues, to name a few. I find my passion in creating a safe environment in which people feel valued, and comfortable sharing their experiences, struggles, hopes and dreams and where we can work together to create the life each person desires.
I see life as a journey and find my passion in accompanying individuals in their quest for a fulfilling and purposeful life. I have worked with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, grief and loss, addiction, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and relationship issues, to name a few. I find my passion in creating a safe environment in which people feel valued, and comfortable sharing their experiences, struggles, hopes and dreams and where we can work together to create the life each person desires.
(706) 407-2702 View (706) 407-2702
Photo of Gabriel Trujillo, LPC, Counselor
Gabriel Trujillo
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
Waitlist for new clients
​I strive to use my expertise in order to create a comfortable and safe environment for you to address your concern. I believe counseling is a powerful process that changes the clinician and the individual both. Counseling compels us to take a hard look at reality and face the truth however tough and take one step toward our "ideal self." I like to listen and empower individuals to live their best life. I am also not afraid to gently confront and hold you accountable to your goals.
​I strive to use my expertise in order to create a comfortable and safe environment for you to address your concern. I believe counseling is a powerful process that changes the clinician and the individual both. Counseling compels us to take a hard look at reality and face the truth however tough and take one step toward our "ideal self." I like to listen and empower individuals to live their best life. I am also not afraid to gently confront and hold you accountable to your goals.
(470) 823-9415 View (470) 823-9415
Photo of Dr. Tiffany P. Brooks, PhD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Tiffany P. Brooks
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults. I value helping clients with all aspects of your identity (i.e. race, sexuality, career, faith, social support, etc) and, of course, most mental health diagnoses. If you want to connect relationally, and be the expert on your experience, including your personality, strengths, and value systems, then I can help you. If you need clarification on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, then we can begin to uncover how they are intertwined. As you reframe your thoughts and acknowledge your feelings, then your behaviors can begin to change.
I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults. I value helping clients with all aspects of your identity (i.e. race, sexuality, career, faith, social support, etc) and, of course, most mental health diagnoses. If you want to connect relationally, and be the expert on your experience, including your personality, strengths, and value systems, then I can help you. If you need clarification on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, then we can begin to uncover how they are intertwined. As you reframe your thoughts and acknowledge your feelings, then your behaviors can begin to change.
(706) 230-6842 View (706) 230-6842
Photo of Joe T Gossage, MA, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joe T Gossage
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
My ideal client would be an adult, or older adolescent, with anxiety, anger, mood disorder, or relationship issues. They may have been in therapy before, or this may be their first time working with a therapist. These patients would be motivated and excited about growing and changing their lives in therapy!
My ideal client would be an adult, or older adolescent, with anxiety, anger, mood disorder, or relationship issues. They may have been in therapy before, or this may be their first time working with a therapist. These patients would be motivated and excited about growing and changing their lives in therapy!
(706) 203-4632 View (706) 203-4632
Photo of Lakeisha S. McNeil, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lakeisha S. McNeil
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
Greetings! My name is Lakeisha S. McNeil, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience in the field. With a caring and compassionate heart, I strive to provide a warm, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel safe to address your issues with confidence. I have assisted clients with various issues including substance abuse, conflict resolution, depression, anxiety, stress management, career/vocational guidance personal crisis, life transitions, and relationship and coping skills.
Greetings! My name is Lakeisha S. McNeil, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience in the field. With a caring and compassionate heart, I strive to provide a warm, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel safe to address your issues with confidence. I have assisted clients with various issues including substance abuse, conflict resolution, depression, anxiety, stress management, career/vocational guidance personal crisis, life transitions, and relationship and coping skills.
(678) 562-8818 View (678) 562-8818
Photo of Danielle Walker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
Every client is unique and, thus, deserves a unique approach. I enjoy helping each patient identify their individual challenges and develop a plan that meets them where they are. I believe meeting each client where they are in their lives is vital to effective therapy and change. I use various approaches, including CBT, solution-focused, and strength-based therapies. I also enjoy family systems therapy to help families restore and develop healthy relationships.
Every client is unique and, thus, deserves a unique approach. I enjoy helping each patient identify their individual challenges and develop a plan that meets them where they are. I believe meeting each client where they are in their lives is vital to effective therapy and change. I use various approaches, including CBT, solution-focused, and strength-based therapies. I also enjoy family systems therapy to help families restore and develop healthy relationships.
(678) 981-9473 View (678) 981-9473
Photo of Pamela D. Thomas - Constant Innovative Counseling, LLC, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Constant Innovative Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
Hi All, I'm currently practicing in the state of Georgia with an office in Calhoun, Ga. I'm a person who has an easy going attitude, loves the field of counseling, and connecting with people. I have worked in the mental health field professionally since 2001. My work history includes working with individuals who have experienced trauma and/or past abuse, couples/marital issues, substance abuse/use conflict, school conflict, parent- child conflicts, & most primary mental health diagnoses. I enjoy working with populations from all walks of life. Don't miss out on the opportunity for you & I to work together and Envision Your Recovery.
Hi All, I'm currently practicing in the state of Georgia with an office in Calhoun, Ga. I'm a person who has an easy going attitude, loves the field of counseling, and connecting with people. I have worked in the mental health field professionally since 2001. My work history includes working with individuals who have experienced trauma and/or past abuse, couples/marital issues, substance abuse/use conflict, school conflict, parent- child conflicts, & most primary mental health diagnoses. I enjoy working with populations from all walks of life. Don't miss out on the opportunity for you & I to work together and Envision Your Recovery.
(706) 685-6225 View (706) 685-6225
Photo of John L Bledsoe, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
John L Bledsoe
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30703  (Online Only)
My therapy is client focused. I see them virtually. This gives them the opportunity to receive counseling at home, office or any place they have WiFi and privacy. I ask them to share why they came for counseling and listen intently in the attempt to understand their problems and why they are seeking help. Are they court ordered or did they come on their own. Then I conduct the assessment they need or a short assessment to identify their problem and focus on their issues. I assess the need for medication and recommend them if needed. My PhD is in Counseling Psychology.
My therapy is client focused. I see them virtually. This gives them the opportunity to receive counseling at home, office or any place they have WiFi and privacy. I ask them to share why they came for counseling and listen intently in the attempt to understand their problems and why they are seeking help. Are they court ordered or did they come on their own. Then I conduct the assessment they need or a short assessment to identify their problem and focus on their issues. I assess the need for medication and recommend them if needed. My PhD is in Counseling Psychology.
(706) 510-3886 View (706) 510-3886
Photo of James Brook, LCSW, LICSW, LCADC, CAADC, CCATP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
James Brook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, LCADC, CAADC, CCATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Hi! I am excited you are here. Therapy is not magic. A secret word or a snap of the fingers does not solve our issues. Reaching out for help takes an extraordinary amount of inner strength and desire to be your best self. It takes hard work to make changes in our lives. Congratulations on valuing yourself enough to commit yourself to doing the hard work. My therapeutic style is eclectic, utilizing CBT, Solution-Focused & Strengths-based interventions. The ideal client is willing to be challenged & open to new ideas that change requires.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Hi! I am excited you are here. Therapy is not magic. A secret word or a snap of the fingers does not solve our issues. Reaching out for help takes an extraordinary amount of inner strength and desire to be your best self. It takes hard work to make changes in our lives. Congratulations on valuing yourself enough to commit yourself to doing the hard work. My therapeutic style is eclectic, utilizing CBT, Solution-Focused & Strengths-based interventions. The ideal client is willing to be challenged & open to new ideas that change requires.
(762) 247-4031 View (762) 247-4031
Photo of Classic Brumley, MA, LAPC, CCLC, NCC, BC-TMH, Counselor
Classic Brumley
Counselor, MA, LAPC, CCLC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
I consider it a privilege to be invited into your life at this time when you’ve become empowered to seek mental health wellness for yourself and in your relationships. My counseling approach is conducted through a Christian lens and is guided by the integration of counseling approaches such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFST). You can be assured that your own worldview lens is a vital part of the counseling process and will be valued as an intricate part of our therapeutic relationship, and of your personal healing process.
I consider it a privilege to be invited into your life at this time when you’ve become empowered to seek mental health wellness for yourself and in your relationships. My counseling approach is conducted through a Christian lens and is guided by the integration of counseling approaches such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFST). You can be assured that your own worldview lens is a vital part of the counseling process and will be valued as an intricate part of our therapeutic relationship, and of your personal healing process.
(470) 329-1090 View (470) 329-1090
Photo of Nena Rybarczyk - Strategies For Life, LLC, MA, LPC, NCC, CPCS, BC-TMH, Counselor
Strategies For Life, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CPCS, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701  (Online Only)
Hello. Looking for a professional who can help you sort out the issues causing you pain, fear, worry, anxiety, grief, & confusion? My practice, Strategies For Life, is located in Cartersville GA. We are conveniently located and just a short drive from the many of the surrounding communities. I have 20+ years of experience in counseling to help people to eliminate emotional distress, find fulfillment and resolve personal challenges. I hold specialization certifications because I have found that different concerns often overlap each other and this allows me to easily transition with my clients from one area to another.
Hello. Looking for a professional who can help you sort out the issues causing you pain, fear, worry, anxiety, grief, & confusion? My practice, Strategies For Life, is located in Cartersville GA. We are conveniently located and just a short drive from the many of the surrounding communities. I have 20+ years of experience in counseling to help people to eliminate emotional distress, find fulfillment and resolve personal challenges. I hold specialization certifications because I have found that different concerns often overlap each other and this allows me to easily transition with my clients from one area to another.
(770) 285-5761 View (770) 285-5761
Photo of Joylene Kara Green, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joylene Kara Green
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 18 years of experience in the behavioral health field. Passionate about helping people grow and change, I use a caring and empathic relationship combined with scientifically researched approaches validated to help clients reach their goals. My main specialities include working with women's issues, grief and trauma, individuals and families dealing with addictions, codependency, religious trauma, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, depression, and anxiety. I use an integrated approach focusing on family systems and internal family systems for healing.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 18 years of experience in the behavioral health field. Passionate about helping people grow and change, I use a caring and empathic relationship combined with scientifically researched approaches validated to help clients reach their goals. My main specialities include working with women's issues, grief and trauma, individuals and families dealing with addictions, codependency, religious trauma, relationship difficulties, domestic violence, depression, and anxiety. I use an integrated approach focusing on family systems and internal family systems for healing.
(706) 963-1002 View (706) 963-1002
Photo of Janet King, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Janet King
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Calhoun, GA 30701
Life can be challenging, and life circumstances can leave you feeling stuck and unlike yourself. I work with individuals, couples and families to help them find their way through these difficult times, developing new coping skills, creating healthy patterns of interacting, and becoming their best selves. It is my honor and privilege to work with clients as we journey together through these challenging times and work towards a more fulfilling life.
Life can be challenging, and life circumstances can leave you feeling stuck and unlike yourself. I work with individuals, couples and families to help them find their way through these difficult times, developing new coping skills, creating healthy patterns of interacting, and becoming their best selves. It is my honor and privilege to work with clients as we journey together through these challenging times and work towards a more fulfilling life.
(706) 584-2777 View (706) 584-2777
Photo of Sheri Grove, LPC, MA, LMFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sheri Grove
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
I strive to offer a safe place for individuals, couples, and families to develop a renewed sense of hope in their current circumstances and the possibility of healing in the important relationships of their lives. I help clients find ways to cope or gently let go of the things that weigh them down while encouraging them to discover and hold on to those things that bring them life.
I strive to offer a safe place for individuals, couples, and families to develop a renewed sense of hope in their current circumstances and the possibility of healing in the important relationships of their lives. I help clients find ways to cope or gently let go of the things that weigh them down while encouraging them to discover and hold on to those things that bring them life.
(678) 369-1118 View (678) 369-1118
Photo of Drew Smith, MA, Pastoral Counselor
Drew Smith
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Calhoun, GA 30701
As a Christian Counselor, I believe we are all spiritual, emotional and physical beings and each aspect is important to consider to help facilitate healing. It is my heart's desire to connect with those who are in difficult places in life or with those who are passionate about growth and being better versions of themselves. We all find ourselves experiencing difficulties and challenges in our lives at some point. I would be honored to walk alongside you and help equip you to handle the adversity you are facing right now!
As a Christian Counselor, I believe we are all spiritual, emotional and physical beings and each aspect is important to consider to help facilitate healing. It is my heart's desire to connect with those who are in difficult places in life or with those who are passionate about growth and being better versions of themselves. We all find ourselves experiencing difficulties and challenges in our lives at some point. I would be honored to walk alongside you and help equip you to handle the adversity you are facing right now!
(706) 928-8286 View (706) 928-8286
1

See more therapy options for Calhoun

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Calhoun, GA

20+

Average cost per session

$117

Therapists in Calhoun, GA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Coping Skills
74% Stress
70% Relationship Issues
70% Grief
63% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aetna
76% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Calhoun, GA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

60% Female
40% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Calhoun?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.