Photo of Ceres Artico Ph. D., Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Ceres Artico Ph. D.
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Warrenton, VA 20186
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
All of us have the ability and desire to heal and lead meaningful, fulfilling, lives. However, at times we need professional help to overcome devastating feelings and life events. Dr. Artico has over 20 years of experience helping couples, adults and teens become who they were meant to be. She is the director of Gainesville Family Counseling, has taught at George Mason University, and is the author of the book Latino Families Broken by Immigration. She is certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), has advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy for couples (EFT), clinical supervision, and sandtray therapy.
(703) 947-0838 View (703) 947-0838
Photo of Mary Beth Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Warrenton, VA
Mary Beth Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, CTS
Verified Verified
Warrenton, VA 20186
Working in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder with clients who have undergone a variety of events directly or indirectly has been both my specialty and my passion. I work with clients between the ages of 6 through seniors. I am the author of many articles and workbooks on trauma (The PTSD Workbook & Life After Trauma: A Workbook for Healing). I work a great deal with veterans of all wars and their families using a variety of techniques (cognitive behavioral therapy, belief challenging, narrative therapy and others.
Working in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder with clients who have undergone a variety of events directly or indirectly has been both my specialty and my passion. I work with clients between the ages of 6 through seniors. I am the author of many articles and workbooks on trauma (The PTSD Workbook & Life After Trauma: A Workbook for Healing). I work a great deal with veterans of all wars and their families using a variety of techniques (cognitive behavioral therapy, belief challenging, narrative therapy and others.
(540) 579-7225 View (540) 579-7225
Photo of Ashley Frantz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Warrenton, VA
Ashley Frantz
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Warrenton, VA 20186  (Online Only)
I work with adults and children as young as six years old. I work primarily with anxiety, depression, trauma, and military issues however I have worked with various issues. I use variety of treatment methods including DBT, CBT, art therapy, and animal therapy to best serve the client and help them treating the source of the issue not just the symptoms. I try to help the client resolve whatever their underlying difficulties are to enhance all aspects of their life.
I work with adults and children as young as six years old. I work primarily with anxiety, depression, trauma, and military issues however I have worked with various issues. I use variety of treatment methods including DBT, CBT, art therapy, and animal therapy to best serve the client and help them treating the source of the issue not just the symptoms. I try to help the client resolve whatever their underlying difficulties are to enhance all aspects of their life.
(757) 942-4234 View (757) 942-4234

Online Therapists

Photo of Woodbridge Therapy Group, Psychologist in Warrenton, VA
Woodbridge Therapy Group
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Woodbridge, VA 22192
Individual Counseling, Couples Counseling, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Social Skills Groups, Psychological Testing and Evaluation, Mindfulness Psychoeducation, Stress Management, Bilingual Therapy offered in Individual, Family, Couples, and Group format, Depression Groups, Adolescent Groups.
Established over 10 years ago, we originally opened as Prince William Family Counseling and provided the community with trustworthy therapy services in a safe, welcoming environment. In 2015 the agency was purchased and took on new ownership and we became Woodbridge Therapy Group. With the recent change in ownership, we have expanded our number of providers, added more services, and renewed our investment in the community.
Individual Counseling, Couples Counseling, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Social Skills Groups, Psychological Testing and Evaluation, Mindfulness Psychoeducation, Stress Management, Bilingual Therapy offered in Individual, Family, Couples, and Group format, Depression Groups, Adolescent Groups.
Established over 10 years ago, we originally opened as Prince William Family Counseling and provided the community with trustworthy therapy services in a safe, welcoming environment. In 2015 the agency was purchased and took on new ownership and we became Woodbridge Therapy Group. With the recent change in ownership, we have expanded our number of providers, added more services, and renewed our investment in the community.
(571) 946-4129 View (571) 946-4129
Photo of The Carter Psychotherapy Group , Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
The Carter Psychotherapy Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, NCC, LPC, LMHC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23220  (Online Only)
My areas of specialized training are crisis intervention, family systems work, military counseling, and behavior modification with clients diagnosed with comorbid disorders (ex.
Therapy is a process and just starting is an accomplishment. It can be difficult because you may address topics that you have avoided. The Carter Psychotherapy Group provides a place for you to fully engage in treatment so that you leave every session needing therapy less and less. My goal is to create a safe space for individuals and families to access mental health services without barriers to treatment
My areas of specialized training are crisis intervention, family systems work, military counseling, and behavior modification with clients diagnosed with comorbid disorders (ex.
Therapy is a process and just starting is an accomplishment. It can be difficult because you may address topics that you have avoided. The Carter Psychotherapy Group provides a place for you to fully engage in treatment so that you leave every session needing therapy less and less. My goal is to create a safe space for individuals and families to access mental health services without barriers to treatment
(571) 470-5708 View (571) 470-5708
Photo of Anne Speckhard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Anne Speckhard
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I am an Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University School of Medicine & Director of a think tank with decades of experience. My specialities include attachment issues, PTSD & dissociation, family of origin work, complicated grief, depression & anxiety, marriage & family issues, childbirth prep & pregnancy loss, transgender & sexuality, overcoming rape, incest & child abuse or even a difficult childhood, negotiating relationships with parents & adult children, achieving health goals including weight loss, maximizing your full health potential & joyfulness in life and energy healing.
I am an Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University School of Medicine & Director of a think tank with decades of experience. My specialities include attachment issues, PTSD & dissociation, family of origin work, complicated grief, depression & anxiety, marriage & family issues, childbirth prep & pregnancy loss, transgender & sexuality, overcoming rape, incest & child abuse or even a difficult childhood, negotiating relationships with parents & adult children, achieving health goals including weight loss, maximizing your full health potential & joyfulness in life and energy healing.
(571) 601-1743 View (571) 601-1743
Photo of Dr. Selisha Nelson in Warrenton, VA
Dr. Selisha Nelson
PhD, LCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Chesterfield, VA 23236
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with a passion for helping others on their journeys to healing, self-discovery, and growth. I have experience working with youth, adolescents, and adults providing individual, family, and couples therapy. Psychological assessments are also provided. I have obtained advanced training in trauma treatment, which includes various modalities such as art/play therapy, Somatic Experiencing, and EMDR. I have over 14 years of experience working in community mental health, alternative school settings, residential treatment, outpatient settings, and correctional facilities.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with a passion for helping others on their journeys to healing, self-discovery, and growth. I have experience working with youth, adolescents, and adults providing individual, family, and couples therapy. Psychological assessments are also provided. I have obtained advanced training in trauma treatment, which includes various modalities such as art/play therapy, Somatic Experiencing, and EMDR. I have over 14 years of experience working in community mental health, alternative school settings, residential treatment, outpatient settings, and correctional facilities.
(804) 293-3211 View (804) 293-3211
Photo of Shedrick D McCall, Resident in Counseling in Warrenton, VA
Shedrick D McCall
Resident in Counseling, EdD, LMHP-R
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23234
Dr. Shedrick McCall, LMHP-R. Dr. McCall has a BA in Psychology (Maryville College), MA in Counseling (Liberty University) and Ed.D. in Counseling Psychology (Argosy University American School of Professional Psychology). Dr. McCall has worked in the field for over 25 years as a Juvenile Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Clinician/Counselor for incarcerated youth and has worked within the mental health field with patients/clients with clinical mental health diagnosis. Dr. McCall also has experience with individual, group, and family counseling.
Dr. Shedrick McCall, LMHP-R. Dr. McCall has a BA in Psychology (Maryville College), MA in Counseling (Liberty University) and Ed.D. in Counseling Psychology (Argosy University American School of Professional Psychology). Dr. McCall has worked in the field for over 25 years as a Juvenile Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Clinician/Counselor for incarcerated youth and has worked within the mental health field with patients/clients with clinical mental health diagnosis. Dr. McCall also has experience with individual, group, and family counseling.
(804) 607-8927 View (804) 607-8927
Photo of Counseling & Forensic Services,Inc, Resident in Counseling in Warrenton, VA
Counseling & Forensic Services,Inc
Resident in Counseling, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I also incorporate aspects of DBT, family systems, solution-focused, and expressive therapies.
Hello! I am a current LPC Resident at Counseling and Forensic Services. I have 12+ years working with children, adolescents, and their families. I use an integrative approach in working with children, using a variety of therapeutic methods that are developmentally age appropriate and child-centered. I received my master’s at The State University of New York at Oswego in Counseling Services with a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mental Health Counseling at St. John Fisher.
I also incorporate aspects of DBT, family systems, solution-focused, and expressive therapies.
Hello! I am a current LPC Resident at Counseling and Forensic Services. I have 12+ years working with children, adolescents, and their families. I use an integrative approach in working with children, using a variety of therapeutic methods that are developmentally age appropriate and child-centered. I received my master’s at The State University of New York at Oswego in Counseling Services with a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mental Health Counseling at St. John Fisher.
(571) 749-2466 View (571) 749-2466
Photo of Dan Russo, Resident in Counseling in Warrenton, VA
Dan Russo
Resident in Counseling, MA/MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Falls Church, VA 22046
I was raised Christian and I have a large blended family with six children.
What if you could get depression or anxiety to take a backseat in your life. What if your relationships could get to a better place. Have you been noticing things in everyday life are more difficult to manage? You are not alone. We can tackle these challenges together as we explore the change that moves you closer to the life you desire. I can help you restore the balance between mind and body that can ease depression, calm anxious thoughts, and regain safety. I am currently taking new clients and I would love the opportunity to be a part of your healing journey. Book your consultation or first session now using my website link.
I was raised Christian and I have a large blended family with six children.
What if you could get depression or anxiety to take a backseat in your life. What if your relationships could get to a better place. Have you been noticing things in everyday life are more difficult to manage? You are not alone. We can tackle these challenges together as we explore the change that moves you closer to the life you desire. I can help you restore the balance between mind and body that can ease depression, calm anxious thoughts, and regain safety. I am currently taking new clients and I would love the opportunity to be a part of your healing journey. Book your consultation or first session now using my website link.
(571) 520-5934 View (571) 520-5934
Photo of A Place of Peace, Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
A Place of Peace
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I have 20+ years experience in the Counseling field working in the areas of mental health, substance abuse, corrections and leadership. My ideal client is anyone who is at a stuck point in their lives and need support and guidance to assist them in moving forward no matter the problem. I offer Counseling and Psychotherapy Services to address: Relationship Issues, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Work/Home Stress, Life Transitions, Grief and Loss, Healing from Current and Past Trauma, Interpersonal Relations, Parenting, Self-Esteem, Women's Issues, and other impasses. My treatment modalities are Individual, Group and Family Counseling. I also offer Skype counseling.
I have 20+ years experience in the Counseling field working in the areas of mental health, substance abuse, corrections and leadership. My ideal client is anyone who is at a stuck point in their lives and need support and guidance to assist them in moving forward no matter the problem. I offer Counseling and Psychotherapy Services to address: Relationship Issues, Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Work/Home Stress, Life Transitions, Grief and Loss, Healing from Current and Past Trauma, Interpersonal Relations, Parenting, Self-Esteem, Women's Issues, and other impasses. My treatment modalities are Individual, Group and Family Counseling. I also offer Skype counseling.
(703) 398-3865 View (703) 398-3865
Photo of Dayna Kumar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Dayna Kumar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901  (Online Only)
I empower others to live the life they imagine. I am passionate about working alongside those on a journey towards healing, whether from internal struggle, grief, or significant trauma leading to low mood or anxiety. I am qualified in the judicial system as an expert in family and trauma therapy. I am a certified EMDR therapist and consultant -started in 2010. My focus is to strengthen your core sense of self to disrupt negative internal dialogue, memories and somatic responses that lead to distress. In family work, I focus on secure attachment patterns, and increasing attunment and co-regulation between a child and caregiver(s).
I empower others to live the life they imagine. I am passionate about working alongside those on a journey towards healing, whether from internal struggle, grief, or significant trauma leading to low mood or anxiety. I am qualified in the judicial system as an expert in family and trauma therapy. I am a certified EMDR therapist and consultant -started in 2010. My focus is to strengthen your core sense of self to disrupt negative internal dialogue, memories and somatic responses that lead to distress. In family work, I focus on secure attachment patterns, and increasing attunment and co-regulation between a child and caregiver(s).
(434) 448-3550 View (434) 448-3550
Photo of Prince William Family Counseling in Warrenton, VA
Prince William Family Counseling
PsyD, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20109
One consistent aspect of life is it's evolving nature as well as positive and negative stress for participating individuals. Internal and external stress relating to change can be a barrier to progress to success. Prince William Family Counseling is a diverse organization committed to the assistance, education, support, advocacy, outreach, and welfare of clients and the community. Prince William Family Counseling provides theoretical and evidence based client centered and trauma informed assessments and treatment plans for clients 6+ with various diagnosis and severity individually, couple, family, and group settings.
One consistent aspect of life is it's evolving nature as well as positive and negative stress for participating individuals. Internal and external stress relating to change can be a barrier to progress to success. Prince William Family Counseling is a diverse organization committed to the assistance, education, support, advocacy, outreach, and welfare of clients and the community. Prince William Family Counseling provides theoretical and evidence based client centered and trauma informed assessments and treatment plans for clients 6+ with various diagnosis and severity individually, couple, family, and group settings.
(571) 520-3187 View (571) 520-3187
Photo of Alan Von Kleiss, Psychologist in Warrenton, VA
Alan Von Kleiss
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
North Chesterfield, VA 23235
I stand ready to serve you and/or your family to the best of my ability.
No matter how strong we are in meeting the challenges of life sometimes what happens to us heaps upon us a mountain of stress and we can do little but feel the pain of all that weight. Our goal is to help those we serve be effective in resolving personal pain through the empowerment of their natural strengths. Step by measured step, we work to build durability, and self-respect through skill building to overcome the pains that make life less enjoyable. We want to help you to move that mountain of pain one stone a time- by skillful means.
I stand ready to serve you and/or your family to the best of my ability.
No matter how strong we are in meeting the challenges of life sometimes what happens to us heaps upon us a mountain of stress and we can do little but feel the pain of all that weight. Our goal is to help those we serve be effective in resolving personal pain through the empowerment of their natural strengths. Step by measured step, we work to build durability, and self-respect through skill building to overcome the pains that make life less enjoyable. We want to help you to move that mountain of pain one stone a time- by skillful means.
(804) 292-2302 View (804) 292-2302
Photo of Michelle Gorden- NOVA Clinical Counseling,LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Michelle Gorden- NOVA Clinical Counseling,LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155  (Online Only)
Believing in the uniqueness of every client, couple, or family, I advocate for customized treatment.
I'm Michelle Gorden, a counselor with dual credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia and a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). With 20 years in the field, my expertise spans a range of areas, particularly mood disorders, trauma, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). I especially enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, career-related stress, and goal setting.
Believing in the uniqueness of every client, couple, or family, I advocate for customized treatment.
I'm Michelle Gorden, a counselor with dual credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia and a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). With 20 years in the field, my expertise spans a range of areas, particularly mood disorders, trauma, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). I especially enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, career-related stress, and goal setting.
(571) 568-8212 View (571) 568-8212
Photo of Phoenix Counseling Centre-Counseling for Christ, Psychological Associate in Warrenton, VA
Phoenix Counseling Centre-Counseling for Christ
Psychological Associate, Thd, DivD, MA
Verified Verified
Lorton, VA 22079
Phoenix Counseling Centre is a Christ-based organization that serves to provide individual, family, child, marriage and autism diagnostic therapy services. Phoenix Counseling Centre was founded on the principles of Christ. We believe honesty, integrity and compassion are the cornerstone of our practice. Our clinicians are dedicated to the personal growth of each individual client; each with years of experience in counseling. Our humanistic approach is client-centered and based in the Jungian and Rogerian theoretical perspectives. We work cooperatively with each client to eliminate barriers to their personal mental health.
Phoenix Counseling Centre is a Christ-based organization that serves to provide individual, family, child, marriage and autism diagnostic therapy services. Phoenix Counseling Centre was founded on the principles of Christ. We believe honesty, integrity and compassion are the cornerstone of our practice. Our clinicians are dedicated to the personal growth of each individual client; each with years of experience in counseling. Our humanistic approach is client-centered and based in the Jungian and Rogerian theoretical perspectives. We work cooperatively with each client to eliminate barriers to their personal mental health.
(202) 335-2332 View (202) 335-2332
Photo of Jenny Sexton, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Jenny Sexton
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, CSAC, QMHP, FAC, CSAM
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20176
It is also my goal to support the family and ensure they have the appropriate resources for long-term success.
As a substance abuse counselor & certified interventionist, who specializes in treatment services for adolescents & adults, it is my goal to address the individual's addiction, identify their needs, & goals for long-term success. As a clinician, it is important to understand the full spectrum of the individual's substance use, the impact their use has had on their family members, and identify goals to ensure their long-term success. It is important to address one issue at a time & help the individual understand the road to recovery is long & challenging but with diligence, will be met with success & freedom from addiction.
It is also my goal to support the family and ensure they have the appropriate resources for long-term success.
As a substance abuse counselor & certified interventionist, who specializes in treatment services for adolescents & adults, it is my goal to address the individual's addiction, identify their needs, & goals for long-term success. As a clinician, it is important to understand the full spectrum of the individual's substance use, the impact their use has had on their family members, and identify goals to ensure their long-term success. It is important to address one issue at a time & help the individual understand the road to recovery is long & challenging but with diligence, will be met with success & freedom from addiction.
(571) 620-5624 View (571) 620-5624
Photo of Cynthia Turner, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Cynthia Turner
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCSW, LSATP, MAC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Ashburn, VA 20147
I love what I do! I get to help you turn your insights into action for addictions, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. We may use individual, family, or group therapy, relapse prevention, education, medication, or MAT/MOUD. Our Dual Diagnosis Recovery Program is for people struggling with both a mental health and drug/alcohol issue. We know that recovery does not always mean abstinence. Take the Alcohol Moderation Assessment to help you determine your relationship with alcohol and learn how to get your life back in balance.
I love what I do! I get to help you turn your insights into action for addictions, anxiety, depression, and life transitions. We may use individual, family, or group therapy, relapse prevention, education, medication, or MAT/MOUD. Our Dual Diagnosis Recovery Program is for people struggling with both a mental health and drug/alcohol issue. We know that recovery does not always mean abstinence. Take the Alcohol Moderation Assessment to help you determine your relationship with alcohol and learn how to get your life back in balance.
(571) 350-3203 x28 View (571) 350-3203 x28
Photo of Miki Bakhtar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Warrenton, VA
Miki Bakhtar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22181
I, Hossein (Miki) Bakhtar, have been a counselor in the field of Psychology for over 25 years, working with individuals and couples to help them exchange intensity and drama or isolation and loneliness for intimacy, respect, appreciation and love. "My job is to get you well enough so that you don't need me anymore." Whether it be for a mental health issue, or relationship or other treatment, the philosophical vision of the right intervention program is critical in determining the right place for you or a family member to heal.
I, Hossein (Miki) Bakhtar, have been a counselor in the field of Psychology for over 25 years, working with individuals and couples to help them exchange intensity and drama or isolation and loneliness for intimacy, respect, appreciation and love. "My job is to get you well enough so that you don't need me anymore." Whether it be for a mental health issue, or relationship or other treatment, the philosophical vision of the right intervention program is critical in determining the right place for you or a family member to heal.
(703) 935-5701 View (703) 935-5701
Photo of Ashvind N. Singh Phd, Psychologist in Warrenton, VA
Ashvind N. Singh Phd
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Feeling lost or looking for help or guidance? Struggling to find who you are or what you want to do? Struggling as parent or executive? Looking to fine tune areas of your life, relationship, or career? From Psychedelic Therapy and Coaching for individuals and parents to Executive Coaching to our individual, family, and community health and wellness services, we are committed to providing all of our clients with a healthcare experience that is unique, meaningful, and functional. At AHWI Psychology Group, we are driven by one simple goal: to help our clients achieve theirs. We have been helping clients to do just that since 2008.
Feeling lost or looking for help or guidance? Struggling to find who you are or what you want to do? Struggling as parent or executive? Looking to fine tune areas of your life, relationship, or career? From Psychedelic Therapy and Coaching for individuals and parents to Executive Coaching to our individual, family, and community health and wellness services, we are committed to providing all of our clients with a healthcare experience that is unique, meaningful, and functional. At AHWI Psychology Group, we are driven by one simple goal: to help our clients achieve theirs. We have been helping clients to do just that since 2008.
(434) 722-3149 View (434) 722-3149
Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.