Adoption Therapists in 11030

Photo of Lynn Hugger, PhD, Psychologist
Lynn Hugger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030
I have extensive experience with adoption and people with medical illness.
Therapy is a personal experience and an opportunity to get to know yourself better. Discover strategies to improve your life in a safe, private, comfortable atmosphere. We are all unique individuals; there is no one way to do therapy. I have many years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults that allow me to utilize clinical experience to find the path that helps an individual, couple or family obtain the help they are looking for.
I have extensive experience with adoption and people with medical illness.
Therapy is a personal experience and an opportunity to get to know yourself better. Discover strategies to improve your life in a safe, private, comfortable atmosphere. We are all unique individuals; there is no one way to do therapy. I have many years of experience working with children, adolescents and adults that allow me to utilize clinical experience to find the path that helps an individual, couple or family obtain the help they are looking for.
(516) 543-0999 View (516) 543-0999
Photo of Bianca Kattan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bianca Kattan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030  (Online Only)
Create positive & healthy changes in your life. You have taken a courageous step toward healing. Whether you have relationship issues, family conflicts, fears, anxiety, panic, trauma, depression, bottled up frustration and insecurities, you will gain concrete skills to manage them IMMEDIATELY. If you feel marginalized because of sexual orientation, being an immigrant, having disabilities or feel like an outsider, you will be heard, empowered and taught to be self protective. I work with the LGBTQ community. Those dealing with chronic pain, infertility and adoption, integrating a mind-body approach. I am fluent in Hebrew and Arabic.
Create positive & healthy changes in your life. You have taken a courageous step toward healing. Whether you have relationship issues, family conflicts, fears, anxiety, panic, trauma, depression, bottled up frustration and insecurities, you will gain concrete skills to manage them IMMEDIATELY. If you feel marginalized because of sexual orientation, being an immigrant, having disabilities or feel like an outsider, you will be heard, empowered and taught to be self protective. I work with the LGBTQ community. Those dealing with chronic pain, infertility and adoption, integrating a mind-body approach. I am fluent in Hebrew and Arabic.
(646) 490-9982 View (646) 490-9982
Photo of Doris Aptekar, PhD, LMHC, Counselor
Doris Aptekar
Counselor, PhD, LMHC
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Hospice trained for bereavement counseling, all ages, including loss from divorce, adoption and illness.
MIRACLES CAN HAPPEN. HAVE YOURS! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, School Psychologist, Bilingual Counselor, Hypnotherapist and Teacher, with special education experience who believes that "miracles can happen". I specialize in individual (children/adults}, couples and family,and hypnotherapy facilitating in smoking cessation, phobias, ADHD,OCD, behavior management, coaching and increasing self-esteem for achieving goals. I maintain a private practice in Roslyn Estates, New York. License, Certifications & Awards: Licensed Mental Health Counselor, National Honor Society in Psychology, Licensed Teacher, Certified School Psychologist. Certified Bilingual Counselor Awards: National Psychology Honor Society, New York City Works for Community Contributions.
Hospice trained for bereavement counseling, all ages, including loss from divorce, adoption and illness.
MIRACLES CAN HAPPEN. HAVE YOURS! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, School Psychologist, Bilingual Counselor, Hypnotherapist and Teacher, with special education experience who believes that "miracles can happen". I specialize in individual (children/adults}, couples and family,and hypnotherapy facilitating in smoking cessation, phobias, ADHD,OCD, behavior management, coaching and increasing self-esteem for achieving goals. I maintain a private practice in Roslyn Estates, New York. License, Certifications & Awards: Licensed Mental Health Counselor, National Honor Society in Psychology, Licensed Teacher, Certified School Psychologist. Certified Bilingual Counselor Awards: National Psychology Honor Society, New York City Works for Community Contributions.
(516) 200-3415 View (516) 200-3415
Photo of Elissa Sheinkin, LMHC, NCC, BCPC, Counselor
Elissa Sheinkin
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, BCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030
I have extensive experience in crisis counseling for the dying and the bereft. I work with bereaved children and adults, counseling families suffering from loss or trauma, long-term and short-term illness, and other major life changes and challenges including divorce, infertility, job loss, and adoption. My experience is in both private practice and with Hospice Care Network. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New York, New Jersey and Florida. I work with individuals, family units, and groups, to help clients achieve their goals and feel at peace. I offer evening hours. Call to schedule an appointment.
I have extensive experience in crisis counseling for the dying and the bereft. I work with bereaved children and adults, counseling families suffering from loss or trauma, long-term and short-term illness, and other major life changes and challenges including divorce, infertility, job loss, and adoption. My experience is in both private practice and with Hospice Care Network. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New York, New Jersey and Florida. I work with individuals, family units, and groups, to help clients achieve their goals and feel at peace. I offer evening hours. Call to schedule an appointment.
(561) 708-4585 View (561) 708-4585
Photo of Rebecca Fields, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Fields
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Rebecca is a Licensed Master Social Worker. She received her undergraduate degree from Temple University and received her masters degree from Stony Brook University in social work with a specialization in families, youth and transition to adulthood. Rebecca has experience working with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety, depression, OCD, borderline personality disorder, relationship and family conflicts, and low-self esteem in both a foster care and school setting.
Rebecca is a Licensed Master Social Worker. She received her undergraduate degree from Temple University and received her masters degree from Stony Brook University in social work with a specialization in families, youth and transition to adulthood. Rebecca has experience working with children and adolescents who struggle with anxiety, depression, OCD, borderline personality disorder, relationship and family conflicts, and low-self esteem in both a foster care and school setting.
(516) 210-4749 View (516) 210-4749
Photo of Patricia Pitta, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Patricia Pitta
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
The journey of life is one filled with joy, happiness, sadness, disappointments, loss and renewal. I feel my goal as a psychologist is to enable a child, adolescent, young adult, and adult find the strength to review life's troubling issues and form new perceptions which enables different outlooks on problems. I feel the only problems in life are situations that can not be resolved. Many times the resolutions are not what we thought life would offer us, but that is what we have. Books written by Dr. Pitta: "Solving Modern Family Dilemmas: An Assimilative Therapy Approach" and " Integrative Couples Therapy".
The journey of life is one filled with joy, happiness, sadness, disappointments, loss and renewal. I feel my goal as a psychologist is to enable a child, adolescent, young adult, and adult find the strength to review life's troubling issues and form new perceptions which enables different outlooks on problems. I feel the only problems in life are situations that can not be resolved. Many times the resolutions are not what we thought life would offer us, but that is what we have. Books written by Dr. Pitta: "Solving Modern Family Dilemmas: An Assimilative Therapy Approach" and " Integrative Couples Therapy".
(516) 360-2485 View (516) 360-2485
Photo of Stacey Lynn Silver, PhD, Psychologist
Stacey Lynn Silver
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030  (Online Only)
I work collaboratively with my clients to optimize their levels of happiness and minimize their levels of emotional distress. Utilizing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and behavior therapy (BT), EMDR, and components of DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) in a supportive, validating, non-judgmental environment, I assist my clients in overcoming anxiety, depression, bipolar symptoms, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, eating disorders, and personality disorders, among other issues. I also conduct various types of psychological assessments, including forensic psychological evaluations and immigration exemption evaluations.
I work collaboratively with my clients to optimize their levels of happiness and minimize their levels of emotional distress. Utilizing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and behavior therapy (BT), EMDR, and components of DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) in a supportive, validating, non-judgmental environment, I assist my clients in overcoming anxiety, depression, bipolar symptoms, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, eating disorders, and personality disorders, among other issues. I also conduct various types of psychological assessments, including forensic psychological evaluations and immigration exemption evaluations.
(516) 774-5586 View (516) 774-5586
Photo of Patricia Donovan Travaglione - Comprehensive Counseling LCSW, PLLC, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Comprehensive Counseling LCSW, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
About Comprehensive Counseling LCSWs: Whether you're struggling with a particular issue or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, we can help by providing you with the insight and tools you need to move beyond current obstacles. Comprehensive Counseling LCSWs is an affiliate company of LearnWell. We are a community based mental health practice where a diverse group of New York State licensed mental health professionals draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques to assist clients in achieving their treatment goals. Accessibility, service and professionalism are the key elements of our success.
About Comprehensive Counseling LCSWs: Whether you're struggling with a particular issue or just can't shake the feeling that there should be more to life, we can help by providing you with the insight and tools you need to move beyond current obstacles. Comprehensive Counseling LCSWs is an affiliate company of LearnWell. We are a community based mental health practice where a diverse group of New York State licensed mental health professionals draw from a variety of therapeutic techniques to assist clients in achieving their treatment goals. Accessibility, service and professionalism are the key elements of our success.
(516) 279-2801 View (516) 279-2801
Photo of Maryann B Schaefer, PhD, Counselor
Maryann B Schaefer
Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Are you feeling overwhelmed and vulnerable as you attempt to navigate the COVID pandemic? Are you crying often and burdened with sadness over too many unknowns? With all of these pressures are you uncertain where to turn and feeling disoriented? Now is the time to speak with a professional about your concerns. I can help. Together we will develop a plan and set specific steps in motion to address your concerns. You do not have to be entangled in the same arguments over responsibilities, finances, sensitivity or loyalty. There is a way to stop the repetition, to resolve the nagging issues and to have a meaningful relationship.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and vulnerable as you attempt to navigate the COVID pandemic? Are you crying often and burdened with sadness over too many unknowns? With all of these pressures are you uncertain where to turn and feeling disoriented? Now is the time to speak with a professional about your concerns. I can help. Together we will develop a plan and set specific steps in motion to address your concerns. You do not have to be entangled in the same arguments over responsibilities, finances, sensitivity or loyalty. There is a way to stop the repetition, to resolve the nagging issues and to have a meaningful relationship.
(516) 412-6892 View (516) 412-6892
Photo of Laurie Sloane - Laurie Sloane, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurie Sloane, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Over the past 30 years, a combination of diverse experiences and extensive training have made me the therapist I am today. I have always been interested in what makes us who we are. How much is nature or nurture, what are we born with and does the environment shape us. Psychotherapy provides a safe space for people to make meaning about their lives, the choices they make in school, work and love. Therapy is a process. Though there is often no simple, quick solution, it provides a safe space to explore in-depth, emotions, thoughts and actions to bring about change.
Over the past 30 years, a combination of diverse experiences and extensive training have made me the therapist I am today. I have always been interested in what makes us who we are. How much is nature or nurture, what are we born with and does the environment shape us. Psychotherapy provides a safe space for people to make meaning about their lives, the choices they make in school, work and love. Therapy is a process. Though there is often no simple, quick solution, it provides a safe space to explore in-depth, emotions, thoughts and actions to bring about change.
(646) 681-1308 View (646) 681-1308
Photo of Ellen Satloff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ellen Satloff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Are you feeling disappointed in your life...frustrated with your marriage, parenting, friendships or any other important relationships? Are you overwhelmed and overstressed..consumed with worry, anxiety, sadness, depression or fear? So often peoples' lives are hampered by negative habitual thoughts and feelings that interfere with their sense of well being and lead to the feeling that something is wrong with "me", with"you", with my life. I work with people in supportive, empathic, positive and interactive therapeutic relationships... individuals , couples, families and groups...children, adolescents and adults. I treat families
Are you feeling disappointed in your life...frustrated with your marriage, parenting, friendships or any other important relationships? Are you overwhelmed and overstressed..consumed with worry, anxiety, sadness, depression or fear? So often peoples' lives are hampered by negative habitual thoughts and feelings that interfere with their sense of well being and lead to the feeling that something is wrong with "me", with"you", with my life. I work with people in supportive, empathic, positive and interactive therapeutic relationships... individuals , couples, families and groups...children, adolescents and adults. I treat families
(516) 619-8151 View (516) 619-8151
Photo of Michael Greene, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Greene
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
I've always been a "people person" but started work in the field of technology. When laid off after 20 years, I saw it as a blessing in disguise, went back to school, and received my Masters of Social Work. I bring a sense of enthusiasm and energy which combined with some of the wisdom I've gained in life help me provide a high quality service to a diverse range of clients. Sessions are specific to each client's needs and can include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness, relaxation techniques and other approaches.
I've always been a "people person" but started work in the field of technology. When laid off after 20 years, I saw it as a blessing in disguise, went back to school, and received my Masters of Social Work. I bring a sense of enthusiasm and energy which combined with some of the wisdom I've gained in life help me provide a high quality service to a diverse range of clients. Sessions are specific to each client's needs and can include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Mindfulness, relaxation techniques and other approaches.
(516) 252-1340 View (516) 252-1340
Photo of Dr. Laurel Steinberg - New York Center for Relationship Repair, PhD, Prof, Counselor
New York Center for Relationship Repair
Counselor, PhD, Prof
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030
Hi! I'm Dr. Steinberg. Are you struggling with your relationship(s)? Desire couples counseling or sex therapy? Do you need help recovering after infidelity? Do you have difficult or unsupportive parents, relatives or friends? Do you wish to argue less (my TED Talk is about this!) or have parenting/family issues? Do you need extra support and guidance to help you handle challenging situations or desire to make important changes? Is "work stress" or work/life balance a problem? If you answered "Yes!" to any of these questions, then I would LOVE to work with you - to teach you valuable tools to help you secure SUCCESS!
Hi! I'm Dr. Steinberg. Are you struggling with your relationship(s)? Desire couples counseling or sex therapy? Do you need help recovering after infidelity? Do you have difficult or unsupportive parents, relatives or friends? Do you wish to argue less (my TED Talk is about this!) or have parenting/family issues? Do you need extra support and guidance to help you handle challenging situations or desire to make important changes? Is "work stress" or work/life balance a problem? If you answered "Yes!" to any of these questions, then I would LOVE to work with you - to teach you valuable tools to help you secure SUCCESS!
(917) 574-0825 View (917) 574-0825
Photo of Robert A Farrell, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Robert A Farrell
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
I have been working remotely since the pandemic. I have not observed a significant difference in the efficacy of treatment delivered in this format and the advantages are many. I am most effective in helping those struggling with depression, anxiety, an inability to prosper, find happiness or enjoy satisfying relationships with others. I work well with men and women of all ages and adolescents. For those who wish to be understood and understand themselves I am a good choice. It is the very act of making oneself known to others that is therapeutic. In so doing we become known to ourselves as well.
I have been working remotely since the pandemic. I have not observed a significant difference in the efficacy of treatment delivered in this format and the advantages are many. I am most effective in helping those struggling with depression, anxiety, an inability to prosper, find happiness or enjoy satisfying relationships with others. I work well with men and women of all ages and adolescents. For those who wish to be understood and understand themselves I am a good choice. It is the very act of making oneself known to others that is therapeutic. In so doing we become known to ourselves as well.
(516) 830-4494 View (516) 830-4494
Photo of Kathleen Dwyer-Blair - Nassau Guidance & Counseling, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nassau Guidance & Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Hi, my name is Kathleen Dwyer Blair (LCSW). As the Owner of Nassau Guidance & Counseling and a practicing psychotherapist for the past 30+ years, I know that life can sometimes be overwhelming & painful – so much so, that you feel stuck wondering if sustainable change is simply impossible. Our goal is simple: to help you get unstuck. We match our clients with therapists based on their specific needs, preferences, & therapists' expertise. Whether you need a grief counselor, anxiety therapist, depression counseling, trauma specialist, or relationship therapy, our therapists are here to provide the tools you need to move forward.
Hi, my name is Kathleen Dwyer Blair (LCSW). As the Owner of Nassau Guidance & Counseling and a practicing psychotherapist for the past 30+ years, I know that life can sometimes be overwhelming & painful – so much so, that you feel stuck wondering if sustainable change is simply impossible. Our goal is simple: to help you get unstuck. We match our clients with therapists based on their specific needs, preferences, & therapists' expertise. Whether you need a grief counselor, anxiety therapist, depression counseling, trauma specialist, or relationship therapy, our therapists are here to provide the tools you need to move forward.
(516) 324-3074 View (516) 324-3074
Photo of Helayne Malamood, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Helayne Malamood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Therapy can be challenging yet it can lead to positive , life enriching insights and behavior changes. Specializing in working with children, adolescents and young adults. I will help you deal with anixety, sadness, boredom or any issues affecting everyday living.Individual, family and group sessions available. All ages welcome.
Therapy can be challenging yet it can lead to positive , life enriching insights and behavior changes. Specializing in working with children, adolescents and young adults. I will help you deal with anixety, sadness, boredom or any issues affecting everyday living.Individual, family and group sessions available. All ages welcome.
(516) 336-9980 View (516) 336-9980
Photo of Jerry Gold, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Jerry Gold
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
I am only conducting telehealth sessions and will do so exclusively for the foreseeable future. I work with adults on an individual basis or with couples. I am most effective working with anxiety problems, panic, depression, grief and loss, or with relationship issues. I work best with persons who are dedicated to learning about themselves and who are interested in improving the quality of their lives and of the lives of their loved ones.
I am only conducting telehealth sessions and will do so exclusively for the foreseeable future. I work with adults on an individual basis or with couples. I am most effective working with anxiety problems, panic, depression, grief and loss, or with relationship issues. I work best with persons who are dedicated to learning about themselves and who are interested in improving the quality of their lives and of the lives of their loved ones.
(516) 238-9063 View (516) 238-9063
Photo of Dr. Victoria Grinman, PhD, LCSW-R, LICSW, CFTP, CA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Victoria Grinman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW-R, LICSW, CFTP, CA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Manhasset, NY 11030
I am a clinical therapist and professor who practices in New York and Massachusetts. Many times, challenges, pain, loss, and even suffering hold just as much a place in our lives as happiness, joy, peace and triumph. Utilizing best-practices and empirical knowledge, my hope is for our journey to be an intricate process of joining and receiving; discovering and growing; learning and practicing. My approach is integrative, taking into consideration all the systems within you, including race, culture and environment. I aim to hold a warm and supportive space wherein empowerment, balance and growth can be achieved.
I am a clinical therapist and professor who practices in New York and Massachusetts. Many times, challenges, pain, loss, and even suffering hold just as much a place in our lives as happiness, joy, peace and triumph. Utilizing best-practices and empirical knowledge, my hope is for our journey to be an intricate process of joining and receiving; discovering and growing; learning and practicing. My approach is integrative, taking into consideration all the systems within you, including race, culture and environment. I aim to hold a warm and supportive space wherein empowerment, balance and growth can be achieved.
(646) 791-3364 View (646) 791-3364
Photo of Megan Romano, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Romano
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
I understand how difficult it can be to decide to seek help for life's obstacles. In my practice, my goal is to help my clients become experts on themselves. Every end is a new beginning. If you're challenged with relationship issues, family conflict, parenting, a trauma history, depression, anxiety or have a child or an adolescent who is struggling with behavioral issues, or just looking for support and guidance through a challenging situation and looking to move in a new direction, I encourage you to let me help you with your experiences. I am dedicated to getting to the root of stuck patterns. There are techniques out there!
I understand how difficult it can be to decide to seek help for life's obstacles. In my practice, my goal is to help my clients become experts on themselves. Every end is a new beginning. If you're challenged with relationship issues, family conflict, parenting, a trauma history, depression, anxiety or have a child or an adolescent who is struggling with behavioral issues, or just looking for support and guidance through a challenging situation and looking to move in a new direction, I encourage you to let me help you with your experiences. I am dedicated to getting to the root of stuck patterns. There are techniques out there!
(646) 845-0615 View (646) 845-0615
Photo of Lisa M Laudante, PhD , LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa M Laudante
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD , LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Manhasset, NY 11030
Welcome! As a parent and a specialist working with individuals who struggle with life challenges and ADHD, I understand the often tremendous difficulty involved in raising a child with ADHD and/or struggling with your own ADHD diagnosis. It is certainly a situation that requires fortitude, perseverance and sometimes a village of professionals, friends, and family to impact change in a positive way. I am here to offer guidance with respect to what you need to be successful in dealing with yourself or your child’s ADHD; which will include the latest scientific knowledge and guidance for best outcomes.
Welcome! As a parent and a specialist working with individuals who struggle with life challenges and ADHD, I understand the often tremendous difficulty involved in raising a child with ADHD and/or struggling with your own ADHD diagnosis. It is certainly a situation that requires fortitude, perseverance and sometimes a village of professionals, friends, and family to impact change in a positive way. I am here to offer guidance with respect to what you need to be successful in dealing with yourself or your child’s ADHD; which will include the latest scientific knowledge and guidance for best outcomes.
(516) 272-4579 View (516) 272-4579
1
Adoption Therapists

Does my adopted child need therapy?

Not every adopted child needs therapy. However, many can benefit from seeing an adoption-informed therapist, especially if they were victims of abuse or neglect, appear withdrawn or disconnected, have behavioral or developmental issues (which may or may not be related to their adoption), are struggling with feelings of grief or loss surrounding their birth parents, or find it difficult to establish an identity, a challenge that often becomes most apparent during adolescence.

When should adoptive parents seek therapy?

Prospective parents can benefit from therapy even before an adoption—for example, to voice worries and fears; to reconcile infertility struggles, if relevant; or simply to prepare themselves for parenthood. After the adoption, parents who are struggling to bond with their child; are unsure how to talk about adoption or related issues, such as race; or whose child is dealing with developmental, behavioral, or psychiatric concerns can address these and other issues with the help of an adoption-competent therapist.

Is family therapy appropriate for adoptive families?

Family therapy can be invaluable for strengthening the bond between adoptive parents and children, helping the latter feel more secure in their place in the family. Family therapy can also help adoptive families navigate complex communication issues—for example, parents who feel uncomfortable discussing race with their child, who in turn feels invalidated by their silence, or a child who has questions about his birth parents but avoids asking them out of fear of hurting his adoptive parents’ feelings.

What therapy is not appropriate for adoption issues?

A discredited therapy known as “attachment therapy” (sometimes called “holding therapy” or “rebirthing therapy”) should not be used to treat adopted and foster children, though it was largely designed for this population. Attachment therapy involves restraining, coercing, and punishing the child in order for them to “release” negative emotions and attach to their new caregivers—techniques that are abusive and dangerous and have even proven fatal in some cases.