Photo of Liv Well Behavioral Health Services (LWBHS), Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Liv Well Behavioral Health Services (LWBHS)
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, , APRN, PMHNP, -BC
Verified Verified
New Britain, CT 06052  (Online Only)
Trained and certified in therapies among a few included-Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) -Eye Movement Desensitization, and Reprocessing (EMDR), & TRM/CRM-Resiliency Trained.
Doctorate Degree studies the impact of trauma-informed therapies throughout the life span. Chief Researcher: Building Resilience Among Veterans: TRM, CRM, EMDR to reduce PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Principal Research Investigator of EMDR Therapy for inner-city adolescents to enhance resiliency. Licensed, Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Yale-New Haven Psych & Medical Attending for Adult & Geriatrics Inpatient units, and Adjunct Professor at FFU Fairfield University in Psychiatry/Mental Health. Expertise in Psychopathology, Psychopharmacology, Psychotherapy, and Cultural Diversity.
Trained and certified in therapies among a few included-Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) -Eye Movement Desensitization, and Reprocessing (EMDR), & TRM/CRM-Resiliency Trained.
Doctorate Degree studies the impact of trauma-informed therapies throughout the life span. Chief Researcher: Building Resilience Among Veterans: TRM, CRM, EMDR to reduce PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Principal Research Investigator of EMDR Therapy for inner-city adolescents to enhance resiliency. Licensed, Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Yale-New Haven Psych & Medical Attending for Adult & Geriatrics Inpatient units, and Adjunct Professor at FFU Fairfield University in Psychiatry/Mental Health. Expertise in Psychopathology, Psychopharmacology, Psychotherapy, and Cultural Diversity.
(959) 207-2714 View (959) 207-2714
Photo of John S Tamerin, Psychiatrist in Connecticut
John S Tamerin
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Greenwich, CT 06831
I utilize a range of therapeutic strategies as needed from psychodynamic interventions to more pragmatic approaches like DBT and CBT.
My ideal client is someone who wants more out of life than symptom removal. I want to work with people who want to find meaning, purpose and passion in their lives. Certainly, I want to help people diminish suffering but a lasting approach must involve a determined commitment to living a fulfilling life.
I utilize a range of therapeutic strategies as needed from psychodynamic interventions to more pragmatic approaches like DBT and CBT.
My ideal client is someone who wants more out of life than symptom removal. I want to work with people who want to find meaning, purpose and passion in their lives. Certainly, I want to help people diminish suffering but a lasting approach must involve a determined commitment to living a fulfilling life.
(203) 941-6659 View (203) 941-6659
Photo of Karen H Brody, Psychiatrist in Connecticut
Karen H Brody
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Monroe, CT 06468  (Online Only)
Clients who seek treatment with me are often feeling anxious, overwhelmed, depressed, confused, and exhausted by any number of life events, disappointments, losses, and transitions, with which they may have been dealing on recent or long-term basis. Sometimes, they are perceived and labelled as "difficult" or "demanding" by other medical professionals, family, and that has become their self-perception. They see themselves heading down paths that are futile, yet familiar, and they feel hopeless. They call because they want change. I am here to help.
Clients who seek treatment with me are often feeling anxious, overwhelmed, depressed, confused, and exhausted by any number of life events, disappointments, losses, and transitions, with which they may have been dealing on recent or long-term basis. Sometimes, they are perceived and labelled as "difficult" or "demanding" by other medical professionals, family, and that has become their self-perception. They see themselves heading down paths that are futile, yet familiar, and they feel hopeless. They call because they want change. I am here to help.
(508) 306-8502 View (508) 306-8502
Photo of Psych On Demand and Man Up Wellness, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Psych On Demand and Man Up Wellness
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Manchester, CT 06040  (Online Only)
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I am an expert in clinical psychopharmacology and I treat all adult and pediatric disorders I see individuals from their early teens through middle age and beyond.
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I am an expert in clinical psychopharmacology and I treat all adult and pediatric disorders I see individuals from their early teens through middle age and beyond.
(860) 288-5571 View (860) 288-5571
Photo of Carrie Fijal, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Carrie Fijal
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
West Haven, CT 06516  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, eating disorders, school issues, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, eating disorders, school issues, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(475) 472-9579 View (475) 472-9579
Photo of Solstice Healthcare, LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Solstice Healthcare, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Tolland, CT 06084  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, parenting problems, postpartum, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, parenting problems, postpartum, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(959) 265-4524 View (959) 265-4524
Photo of WCT Health & Wellness, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
WCT Health & Wellness
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Waterbury, CT 06705
Welcome! We are a group practice of 60 licensed counselors and medication providers. We have a multi disciplinary team which is trained in several models to tailor each of our clients needs. Our biggest focus, is you, our client. We provide family, couples and individual counseling. Medication management for psychiatry and also offer Primary Care Services.
Welcome! We are a group practice of 60 licensed counselors and medication providers. We have a multi disciplinary team which is trained in several models to tailor each of our clients needs. Our biggest focus, is you, our client. We provide family, couples and individual counseling. Medication management for psychiatry and also offer Primary Care Services.
(203) 916-4595 View (203) 916-4595
Photo of Stephanie Settevendemie, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Stephanie Settevendemie
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Stratford, CT 06615  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(860) 962-6389 View (860) 962-6389
Photo of Kristine Callender, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Kristine Callender
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Avon, CT 06001  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, OCD, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, OCD, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(860) 782-4814 View (860) 782-4814
Photo of Dr. Robert E Feinstein, Psychiatrist in Connecticut
Dr. Robert E Feinstein
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Stamford, CT 06903  (Online Only)
My focus is to help you, as a unique person, heal, change, energize, be creative, and optimize your strengths. I can help you achieve this by listening to your concerns; providing a safe space for discussion and innovation, offering in depth psychotherapy with or without medication. I will collaborate with you as we work toward recovery, utilizing evidenced-based strategies and novel solutions for your problems or issues. I am a full fee professional who does NOT take INSurance
My focus is to help you, as a unique person, heal, change, energize, be creative, and optimize your strengths. I can help you achieve this by listening to your concerns; providing a safe space for discussion and innovation, offering in depth psychotherapy with or without medication. I will collaborate with you as we work toward recovery, utilizing evidenced-based strategies and novel solutions for your problems or issues. I am a full fee professional who does NOT take INSurance
(475) 231-3451 View (475) 231-3451
Photo of Dr. Sherry Lucke, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Dr. Sherry Lucke
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
Bethel, CT 06801  (Online Only)
When I started working in healthcare as a cardiac nurse I saw the widespread effects of addiction. Since then, I’ve dedicated my career to helping people overcome substance use disorders. I use a compassionate and supportive approach along with the top medical interventions. The approach I take with clients has been influenced by my experience at the bedside as a clinical care nurse and my training as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. This enables me to support clients in their overall health as well as their behavioral health. Accepting new clients in CT and VA.
When I started working in healthcare as a cardiac nurse I saw the widespread effects of addiction. Since then, I’ve dedicated my career to helping people overcome substance use disorders. I use a compassionate and supportive approach along with the top medical interventions. The approach I take with clients has been influenced by my experience at the bedside as a clinical care nurse and my training as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. This enables me to support clients in their overall health as well as their behavioral health. Accepting new clients in CT and VA.
(475) 267-1990 View (475) 267-1990
Photo of Katherine Salvador, Physician Assistant in Connecticut
Katherine Salvador
Physician Assistant, PA
Verified Verified
Glastonbury, CT 06033
Katherine is a Board Certified Physician Assistant in the state of Connecticut. She received her Bachelor’s and Master’s degree from Springfield College where she completed her clinical training In psychiatry in the inpatient hospital setting. After graduating, Katherine focused her career in community based mental health and addiction treatment. Her knowledge of psychopharmacology stems from over 9 years’ experience treating a wide scope of mental health conditions including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders throughout the clinic, hospital, and addiction treatment environments.
Katherine is a Board Certified Physician Assistant in the state of Connecticut. She received her Bachelor’s and Master’s degree from Springfield College where she completed her clinical training In psychiatry in the inpatient hospital setting. After graduating, Katherine focused her career in community based mental health and addiction treatment. Her knowledge of psychopharmacology stems from over 9 years’ experience treating a wide scope of mental health conditions including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders throughout the clinic, hospital, and addiction treatment environments.
(860) 735-4922 View (860) 735-4922
Photo of Radmila Meyer, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Radmila Meyer
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
Norwich, CT 06360  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(860) 962-4359 View (860) 962-4359
Photo of Susan Daly, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Susan Daly
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgefield, CT 06879
…. Diagnostic evaluation and psychopharmacology (medication evaluation and management) for adolescents, adults and seniors. As a board certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, Susan incorporates the most up to date evidence-based research into treatment plans. Continuing education is of paramount importance in selecting the best options for clients. Although specializing in psychopharmacology, Susan believes in incorporating a mind, body approach. Her background includes years of experience in a trauma level ER which gives her a unique perspective to her client’s needs.
…. Diagnostic evaluation and psychopharmacology (medication evaluation and management) for adolescents, adults and seniors. As a board certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, Susan incorporates the most up to date evidence-based research into treatment plans. Continuing education is of paramount importance in selecting the best options for clients. Although specializing in psychopharmacology, Susan believes in incorporating a mind, body approach. Her background includes years of experience in a trauma level ER which gives her a unique perspective to her client’s needs.
(475) 234-2548 View (475) 234-2548
Photo of Sarah Phillips, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Sarah Phillips
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
Roxbury, CT 06783  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, bipolar disorder, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, bipolar disorder, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(860) 898-9216 View (860) 898-9216
Photo of Ingrid Coello, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Ingrid Coello
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Milford, CT 06460  (Online Only)
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC), Ingrid assesses and treats adults and adolescents with depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders. Her focus is on treatment, psychiatric assessment, psychotherapeutic interventions, and medication management.
As a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC), Ingrid assesses and treats adults and adolescents with depression, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders. Her focus is on treatment, psychiatric assessment, psychotherapeutic interventions, and medication management.
(475) 264-6729 View (475) 264-6729
Photo of Jay Seigel, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Jay Seigel
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN
Verified Verified
New London, CT 06320
Jay Seigel has worked in clinical, academic and leadership capacities to improve the quality of life of his clients with addiction and mental health disorders. Jay has treated thousands of Clients in his private practice and countless impaired healthcare professionals with great success. Jay's goal of continually identifying and employing the most effective and innovative clinical treatment for his clients. Jay has a rarely found expertise utilizing evidence-based practice for work in insight oriented psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Jay is committed to collaborating with his Clients and their multidisciplinary providers to empower them to establish sustained recovery.
Jay Seigel has worked in clinical, academic and leadership capacities to improve the quality of life of his clients with addiction and mental health disorders. Jay has treated thousands of Clients in his private practice and countless impaired healthcare professionals with great success. Jay's goal of continually identifying and employing the most effective and innovative clinical treatment for his clients. Jay has a rarely found expertise utilizing evidence-based practice for work in insight oriented psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Jay is committed to collaborating with his Clients and their multidisciplinary providers to empower them to establish sustained recovery.
(203) 717-4433 View (203) 717-4433
Photo of Yvonne Amune, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Connecticut
Yvonne Amune
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APRN-BC, MSN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Hartford, CT 06107  (Online Only)
My clinical focus is on holistic and patient centered care for adults and adolescents, with special attention given to treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, stress related disorders, as well as substance use disorder. Further, I am trained in motivational interviewing which I find to be effective tools in understanding and treating these issues. I believe in taking a compassionate, nonjudgmental approach to helping my patients reach their goals. My practice emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship to facilitate the process of healing.
My clinical focus is on holistic and patient centered care for adults and adolescents, with special attention given to treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, stress related disorders, as well as substance use disorder. Further, I am trained in motivational interviewing which I find to be effective tools in understanding and treating these issues. I believe in taking a compassionate, nonjudgmental approach to helping my patients reach their goals. My practice emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, trusting therapeutic relationship to facilitate the process of healing.
(860) 846-4337 View (860) 846-4337
Photo of Straun Health & Wellness, Psychiatrist in Connecticut
Straun Health & Wellness
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Stamford, CT 06901
It is the sincere belief of our practice that it is the RELATIONSHIP between health care provider and patient that greatly influences care. Dr. Straun is a dedicated medical professional with a wide-ranging skillset suitable for individuals seeking anything from general care to state-of-the-art, evidence based treatment. Focused on patient-centered service, Dr. Straun is committed to providing individualized, comprehensive treatment plans that address physical, mental and spiritual needs. He believes that the optimal way to provide excellent care is by meeting patients where they are; and through focused treatment and attention empowering them to find hope and experience joy.
It is the sincere belief of our practice that it is the RELATIONSHIP between health care provider and patient that greatly influences care. Dr. Straun is a dedicated medical professional with a wide-ranging skillset suitable for individuals seeking anything from general care to state-of-the-art, evidence based treatment. Focused on patient-centered service, Dr. Straun is committed to providing individualized, comprehensive treatment plans that address physical, mental and spiritual needs. He believes that the optimal way to provide excellent care is by meeting patients where they are; and through focused treatment and attention empowering them to find hope and experience joy.
(860) 378-8099 View (860) 378-8099
Irene Topping
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
Old Lyme, CT 06371  (Online Only)
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
NOW Accepting New Patients! Have you been a victim of a traumatic event that has left you with symptoms of PTSD? Do you suffer from anxiety, depression, postpartum depression, school issues, grief, or even stress that impacts your sleep that results in insomnia? Whether you tried ignoring it, talking with friends & family, or even reading self-help books, nothing seems to be working. Maybe it’s time to get some professional help today. The first step towards making a change is to acknowledge that you need help. The next step is to continue reading so you can learn more about how you can get that help now.
(475) 262-9657 View (475) 262-9657

See more therapy options for Connecticut

Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Psychiatrists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.