Photo of Dr Carl Dreher, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Carl Dreher
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Wellbeing. Growth. Fulfilment. I focus on supporting highly empathic and professional adults, including: • Neurodivergent adults: highly sensitive people (HSP); High masking or internalising Autistic and ADHD adults. • Professionals & corporate leaders: engineers, software developers, IT professionals, lawyers, accountants, human resource practitioners, executives & managers. • Medical & health professionals: doctors & medical students; allied health professionals. • Business owners & community leaders. • Academics & university students. • Sports people & performing artists.
Wellbeing. Growth. Fulfilment. I focus on supporting highly empathic and professional adults, including: • Neurodivergent adults: highly sensitive people (HSP); High masking or internalising Autistic and ADHD adults. • Professionals & corporate leaders: engineers, software developers, IT professionals, lawyers, accountants, human resource practitioners, executives & managers. • Medical & health professionals: doctors & medical students; allied health professionals. • Business owners & community leaders. • Academics & university students. • Sports people & performing artists.
(08) 7079 4366 View (08) 7079 4366
Photo of Tamra Eastough, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Tamra Eastough
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Tamra is passionate about creating stability and trust within the client and therapist relationship. I value the importance of a strength-based approach to treatment to promote growth and lasting outcomes. I welcome individuals and couples of all backgrounds, genders, identifications, or religious beliefs. I am dedicated to working collaboratively in a non-judgmental, empathic and compassionate environment to create a safe space for clients to explore and genuinely express their concerns.
Tamra is passionate about creating stability and trust within the client and therapist relationship. I value the importance of a strength-based approach to treatment to promote growth and lasting outcomes. I welcome individuals and couples of all backgrounds, genders, identifications, or religious beliefs. I am dedicated to working collaboratively in a non-judgmental, empathic and compassionate environment to create a safe space for clients to explore and genuinely express their concerns.
(08) 9521 4102 View (08) 9521 4102
Photo of Farhana Siddique, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Farhana Siddique
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am an AHPRA registered Psychologist with a 14-year career background working in corporate, coaching and counselling roles across the public and private sector. I am passionate about working with individuals to enhance their quality of life and promote lasting psychological and emotional well-being. I use a collaborative approach with emphasis placed on mutual trust and respect, to empower individuals to grow, achieve and flourish throughout their life span.
I am an AHPRA registered Psychologist with a 14-year career background working in corporate, coaching and counselling roles across the public and private sector. I am passionate about working with individuals to enhance their quality of life and promote lasting psychological and emotional well-being. I use a collaborative approach with emphasis placed on mutual trust and respect, to empower individuals to grow, achieve and flourish throughout their life span.
(08) 7078 7516 View (08) 7078 7516
Photo of Danielle Dix, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Danielle Dix
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
I love to offer space to help with all kinds of issues, whether it’s a bit of help with a current issue, or longer term healing. I am a Clinical Psychologist with extensive training, but my work is warm, creative, and intuitive. I value creating safety for those who are anxious about therapy, so they can find the help and healing we all deserve.
I love to offer space to help with all kinds of issues, whether it’s a bit of help with a current issue, or longer term healing. I am a Clinical Psychologist with extensive training, but my work is warm, creative, and intuitive. I value creating safety for those who are anxious about therapy, so they can find the help and healing we all deserve.
(08) 6120 1383 View (08) 6120 1383
Photo of Hugo Mario Gonzales, PhD, MAPS, Psychologist
Hugo Mario Gonzales
Psychologist, PhD, MAPS
Verified Verified
As a clinical psychologist, my approach is deeply rooted in understanding and supporting you through life's most challenging moments. Whether you're grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or navigating the complexities of a personality disorder, I’m here to walk beside you on this journey of healing. I’ve dedicated my career to helping individuals uncover their strengths and cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness and emotional balance. I believe that every person’s experience is unique, and I honor that by providing personalized care that respects your background, your story, and your goals.
As a clinical psychologist, my approach is deeply rooted in understanding and supporting you through life's most challenging moments. Whether you're grappling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or navigating the complexities of a personality disorder, I’m here to walk beside you on this journey of healing. I’ve dedicated my career to helping individuals uncover their strengths and cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness and emotional balance. I believe that every person’s experience is unique, and I honor that by providing personalized care that respects your background, your story, and your goals.
(08) 6490 9346 View (08) 6490 9346
Photo of Dr Pia Kavanagh - Dr Pia Kavanagh - Clinical Psychologist/Supervisor, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Dr Pia Kavanagh - Clinical Psychologist/Supervisor
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board-Approved Supervisor working in private practice. I work predominantly from a psychodynamic approach, helping patients develop a greater understanding of themselves and others, including relational dynamics and defence mechanisms. Through this deep exploration of themselves, patients can learn more about what holds them back and develop more helpful ways of responding. In addition to individual psychotherapy, I am also a Board-Approved Supervisor and have current availability for new supervisees.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and Board-Approved Supervisor working in private practice. I work predominantly from a psychodynamic approach, helping patients develop a greater understanding of themselves and others, including relational dynamics and defence mechanisms. Through this deep exploration of themselves, patients can learn more about what holds them back and develop more helpful ways of responding. In addition to individual psychotherapy, I am also a Board-Approved Supervisor and have current availability for new supervisees.
(08) 6490 9893 View (08) 6490 9893
Photo of Sandra Dichiera - Sandra Dichiera - Find Freedom Psychology, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Sandra Dichiera - Find Freedom Psychology
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a registered psychologist who is dedicated to providing a person-centred humanistic approach to build meaningful therapeutic relationships with my clients. Together, we embark on a journey of self-acceptance, growth, and empowerment in a supportive and welcoming environment. I have specialised working with children, adolescents, families and adults across a range of mental health concerns and specialise in complex trauma, PTSD, Sexual Abuse and a range of mental health concerns.
I am a registered psychologist who is dedicated to providing a person-centred humanistic approach to build meaningful therapeutic relationships with my clients. Together, we embark on a journey of self-acceptance, growth, and empowerment in a supportive and welcoming environment. I have specialised working with children, adolescents, families and adults across a range of mental health concerns and specialise in complex trauma, PTSD, Sexual Abuse and a range of mental health concerns.
(08) 6493 7076 View (08) 6493 7076
Photo of Sabinne Barquett, MPsych, PACFA, Counsellor
Sabinne Barquett
Counsellor, MPsych, PACFA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Sabinne has been leading hundreds of people in their paths of self-transformation. There has been a huge impact in these people’s lives. She has helped them to successfully overcome depression, anxiety disorders, panic, trauma (including PTSD), relationship challenges, loss and grief, suicidal ideation and self-harm, parenting conflicts, stress, eating disorders, addictions, bullying, self-esteem issues, insomnia and also assisted them with their self-awareness. During these years she has worked with all age groups, with people from different backgrounds and also in the disability field. She works with Psychotherapy and Coaching.
Sabinne has been leading hundreds of people in their paths of self-transformation. There has been a huge impact in these people’s lives. She has helped them to successfully overcome depression, anxiety disorders, panic, trauma (including PTSD), relationship challenges, loss and grief, suicidal ideation and self-harm, parenting conflicts, stress, eating disorders, addictions, bullying, self-esteem issues, insomnia and also assisted them with their self-awareness. During these years she has worked with all age groups, with people from different backgrounds and also in the disability field. She works with Psychotherapy and Coaching.
(08) 7079 4274 View (08) 7079 4274
Photo of Sarah Holloway, MAPS, Psychologist
Sarah Holloway
Psychologist, MAPS
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Starting therapy or linking in with a new therapist can feel like a big step, and I hope that I may be able to make it an enjoyable and very worthwhile step. I work with adults and adolescents for a range of emotional difficulties, such as anxiety, difficulty regulating emotions, BPD/EUPD, self-harming and suicidal ideation, and low self-worth. I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to find the right way to improve the quality of their daily life in a sustainable way, to minimise discomfort. This is a welcoming space, free of judgement.
Starting therapy or linking in with a new therapist can feel like a big step, and I hope that I may be able to make it an enjoyable and very worthwhile step. I work with adults and adolescents for a range of emotional difficulties, such as anxiety, difficulty regulating emotions, BPD/EUPD, self-harming and suicidal ideation, and low self-worth. I aim to work collaboratively with my clients to find the right way to improve the quality of their daily life in a sustainable way, to minimise discomfort. This is a welcoming space, free of judgement.
(08) 6493 7133 View (08) 6493 7133
Photo of Wendy Holdaway, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Wendy Holdaway
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Wendy feels privileged to work with adults and older adults to navigate disruption in psychological wellness and life transitions across domains such as relationships, parenthood, career, health, illness, loss and ageing, as well as difficult relationships with food and eating and childhood trauma. Drawing on over 20 years of experience in health care, Wendy has particular interest in health - related psychology including preparing, adjusting and rehabilitation from illness, injury, and surgical procedures and supporting clients living with chronic health conditions and those in caregiving roles.
Wendy feels privileged to work with adults and older adults to navigate disruption in psychological wellness and life transitions across domains such as relationships, parenthood, career, health, illness, loss and ageing, as well as difficult relationships with food and eating and childhood trauma. Drawing on over 20 years of experience in health care, Wendy has particular interest in health - related psychology including preparing, adjusting and rehabilitation from illness, injury, and surgical procedures and supporting clients living with chronic health conditions and those in caregiving roles.
(08) 6490 9405 View (08) 6490 9405
Photo of Nathan Barton - Kinship Psychology Services, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Kinship Psychology Services
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
At Kinship, our central focus is to cultivate a safe and trustworthy environment. So that those seeking help feel emotionally comfortable and are able to connect with our dedicated, compassionate and skilled professionals. Here, we collaborate with our clients, emphasising a strengths-based approach to achieve lasting therapeutic outcomes. We work with people who have experienced trauma in their life, those feeling emotional distress, suicidal thoughts or relationship difficulties and those who are experiencing mental illnesses such as PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, complex grief, stress or adjustment difficulties.
At Kinship, our central focus is to cultivate a safe and trustworthy environment. So that those seeking help feel emotionally comfortable and are able to connect with our dedicated, compassionate and skilled professionals. Here, we collaborate with our clients, emphasising a strengths-based approach to achieve lasting therapeutic outcomes. We work with people who have experienced trauma in their life, those feeling emotional distress, suicidal thoughts or relationship difficulties and those who are experiencing mental illnesses such as PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, complex grief, stress or adjustment difficulties.
(08) 6490 9050 View (08) 6490 9050
Photo of Kirsty Healey, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Kirsty Healey
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My main focus is for the people I work with to feel comfortable and secure while receiving high quality care and support. I have over 15 years of experience working with adults, adolescents and couples presenting with a range of issues in the private and community sectors. Each person I meet is unique and I take the time to get to know them and their own individual stories and experiences. The first session also includes establishing a clear outline so the client knows what to expect and can determine their goals for us to work towards at works at their own pace.
My main focus is for the people I work with to feel comfortable and secure while receiving high quality care and support. I have over 15 years of experience working with adults, adolescents and couples presenting with a range of issues in the private and community sectors. Each person I meet is unique and I take the time to get to know them and their own individual stories and experiences. The first session also includes establishing a clear outline so the client knows what to expect and can determine their goals for us to work towards at works at their own pace.
(08) 7079 4295 View (08) 7079 4295
Photo of Skye Frizza, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Skye Frizza
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am dedicated to helping individuals, couples and families overcome communication breakdowns, navigate addiction issues, changes in relationships caused by everchanging life and the changes that accompany the antenatal and postnatal journey. My approach is rooted in collaboration and evidence based practice with an emphasis on creating a non-judgmental and compassionate environment. I understand relationships play a significant role in your overall well-being, and I am committed to helping people strengthen and improve these connections.
I am dedicated to helping individuals, couples and families overcome communication breakdowns, navigate addiction issues, changes in relationships caused by everchanging life and the changes that accompany the antenatal and postnatal journey. My approach is rooted in collaboration and evidence based practice with an emphasis on creating a non-judgmental and compassionate environment. I understand relationships play a significant role in your overall well-being, and I am committed to helping people strengthen and improve these connections.
(08) 6493 7338 View (08) 6493 7338
Photo of Simone Butun, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Simone Butun
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My goal is to help you overcome the challenges that are preventing you from living your best life. My approach emphasises evidence-based practice, meaning I rely on scientifically-proven methods to help you achieve positive outcomes. , I am committed to providing the highest standard of care to my clients. I believe in the power of the mind-body relationship and specialise in treating complex health conditions such as chronic pain and autoimmune disorders. By working together, we can discover the unique tools and strategies that will help you overcome life's obstacles and achieve greater wellbeing.
My goal is to help you overcome the challenges that are preventing you from living your best life. My approach emphasises evidence-based practice, meaning I rely on scientifically-proven methods to help you achieve positive outcomes. , I am committed to providing the highest standard of care to my clients. I believe in the power of the mind-body relationship and specialise in treating complex health conditions such as chronic pain and autoimmune disorders. By working together, we can discover the unique tools and strategies that will help you overcome life's obstacles and achieve greater wellbeing.
(08) 6493 7668 View (08) 6493 7668
Photo of Wayne Hill, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Wayne Hill
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Need assistance with sleep disorders, depression/anxiety, OCD, or hoarding. I'm Wayne, a registered psychologist here to help you overcome life's challenges. You're not alone in facing things like hoarding, anxiety, depression, stress, or sleep problems. I've helped countless adults and teens find relief and lasting results through evidence-based therapy, leveraging my research and my own life experience to tailor therapy to your unique needs.
Need assistance with sleep disorders, depression/anxiety, OCD, or hoarding. I'm Wayne, a registered psychologist here to help you overcome life's challenges. You're not alone in facing things like hoarding, anxiety, depression, stress, or sleep problems. I've helped countless adults and teens find relief and lasting results through evidence-based therapy, leveraging my research and my own life experience to tailor therapy to your unique needs.
(08) 6490 9206 View (08) 6490 9206
Photo of Mark Walker, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Mark Walker
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a registered psychotherapist with a creative art therapy and pastoral background I work from a collaborative position of care, curiosity and empathy. I utilise a variety of approaches to match your specific goals and needs, facilitating understanding of your particular situation to overcome stuckness. One of the philosophies that resonates for me is, “The problem is the problem, the person is not the problem” (White & Epston, founders of Narrative therapy).
As a registered psychotherapist with a creative art therapy and pastoral background I work from a collaborative position of care, curiosity and empathy. I utilise a variety of approaches to match your specific goals and needs, facilitating understanding of your particular situation to overcome stuckness. One of the philosophies that resonates for me is, “The problem is the problem, the person is not the problem” (White & Epston, founders of Narrative therapy).
(08) 7078 7528 View (08) 7078 7528
Photo of Mary-Anne Wallace, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Mary-Anne Wallace
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I work with both individuals and couples. I enjoy assisting people to overcome the particular challenges they are facing and to achieve their goals. I aim to create an environment where my clients feel comfortable and safe to talk openly about what they want and where they feel understood and accepted. I listen to their unique story and respond in a warm empathic manner.
I work with both individuals and couples. I enjoy assisting people to overcome the particular challenges they are facing and to achieve their goals. I aim to create an environment where my clients feel comfortable and safe to talk openly about what they want and where they feel understood and accepted. I listen to their unique story and respond in a warm empathic manner.
(08) 6493 7906 View (08) 6493 7906
Photo of Natalie Fairclough, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Natalie Fairclough
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Natalie is a Senior Clinical Psychologist and psychotherapist with over 30 years of experience in adult community mental health services. She specialises in individual therapy in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, character disorders, grief and loss, interpersonal difficulties, family relationship difficulties, difficult childhood experiences, and relationship and marital difficulties. Natalie has helped people to overcome troubling symptoms, resolve traumas and losses in life, and more successfully deal with the challenges that life brings along the way. Waitlist status: Currently Accepting New Referrals.
Natalie is a Senior Clinical Psychologist and psychotherapist with over 30 years of experience in adult community mental health services. She specialises in individual therapy in the areas of depression, anxiety, trauma, character disorders, grief and loss, interpersonal difficulties, family relationship difficulties, difficult childhood experiences, and relationship and marital difficulties. Natalie has helped people to overcome troubling symptoms, resolve traumas and losses in life, and more successfully deal with the challenges that life brings along the way. Waitlist status: Currently Accepting New Referrals.
(08) 6490 9101 View (08) 6490 9101
Photo of Stacey Weinstein, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych, Psychologist
Stacey Weinstein
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist with 10 years of experience in private and public mental health settings. My areas of specialty and interest include depression and anxiety, PTSD and complex trauma and attachment related difficulties. I am passionate about the role of the body in healing trauma, and I am a certified trauma sensitive yoga facilitator.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with 10 years of experience in private and public mental health settings. My areas of specialty and interest include depression and anxiety, PTSD and complex trauma and attachment related difficulties. I am passionate about the role of the body in healing trauma, and I am a certified trauma sensitive yoga facilitator.
(08) 6490 9929 View (08) 6490 9929
Photo of Deborah Wright - Perth Counselling & Psychotherapy Services, Psychotherapist
Perth Counselling & Psychotherapy Services
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I work with heterosexual, multiracial, same sex couples and individuals who are in a place of questioning or are seeking help with a specific situation or event. Couples may be wanting some "fine tuning" in specific areas of their relationship or they may be experiencing a crisis due to an infidelity or breakdown in communication and may be unsure if they can or even want to, stay together. Individuals may be ready to explore childhood issues, dealing with trauma or having an existential crisis. I teach Circle of Security an attachment based parent program for caregivers wanting to parent differently to their parents.
I work with heterosexual, multiracial, same sex couples and individuals who are in a place of questioning or are seeking help with a specific situation or event. Couples may be wanting some "fine tuning" in specific areas of their relationship or they may be experiencing a crisis due to an infidelity or breakdown in communication and may be unsure if they can or even want to, stay together. Individuals may be ready to explore childhood issues, dealing with trauma or having an existential crisis. I teach Circle of Security an attachment based parent program for caregivers wanting to parent differently to their parents.
(08) 7078 8285 View (08) 7078 8285
1

See more therapy options for 6016

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 6016

40+

Average cost per session

$200

Counsellors in 6016 who prioritize treating:

91% Depression
87% Anxiety
87% Self Esteem
84% Relationship Issues
80% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Medicare Rebates
64% Medibank Private
55% Bupa

How Counsellors in 6016 see their clients

98% In Person and Online
2% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
24% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 6016?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.