Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

Dr. Fiona K. Miller
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Not accepting new clients
Hello. Welcome! I am a Board Certified Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychologist with extensive experience helping toddlers, children, adolescents and their families cope with life's challenges. In my practice, Alba Psychology USA, I prioritize my clients' relational health, and value excellence in compassionate, individualized, and family-centered care.
Hello. Welcome! I am a Board Certified Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychologist with extensive experience helping toddlers, children, adolescents and their families cope with life's challenges. In my practice, Alba Psychology USA, I prioritize my clients' relational health, and value excellence in compassionate, individualized, and family-centered care.
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Photo of Brooke (B) Towns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Brooke (B) Towns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
6 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
If you’ve tried therapy before and left feeling unseen, overwhelmed, or stuck — you’re not alone. Insight isn’t always enough. Talking about your past isn’t the same as healing your nervous system. I specialize in working with adults who feel stuck in patterns that won’t shift — trauma responses, relationship dynamics, chronic self-doubt, emotional shutdown, or feeling overwhelmed by their own reactions. Many of my clients are high-functioning on the outside and exhausted on the inside. My approach is trauma-informed and parts-oriented.
If you’ve tried therapy before and left feeling unseen, overwhelmed, or stuck — you’re not alone. Insight isn’t always enough. Talking about your past isn’t the same as healing your nervous system. I specialize in working with adults who feel stuck in patterns that won’t shift — trauma responses, relationship dynamics, chronic self-doubt, emotional shutdown, or feeling overwhelmed by their own reactions. Many of my clients are high-functioning on the outside and exhausted on the inside. My approach is trauma-informed and parts-oriented.
(231) 377-1018 View (231) 377-1018
Photo of Tristan Woodsmith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Tristan Woodsmith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
I believe people heal and grow through relationships and insight. I love working with curious clients who are interested in self-discovery. I use Internal Family Systems, Compassion-Based Mindfulness, and other evidence-based tools to help my clients navigate their process of self-exploration, resolve trauma, and accomplish their goals. Therapy is an opportunity to explore what is unsaid or undiscovered in our experience. I am a sex-positive therapist, and I welcome members from LGBTQIA, Poly, and Kink communities.
I believe people heal and grow through relationships and insight. I love working with curious clients who are interested in self-discovery. I use Internal Family Systems, Compassion-Based Mindfulness, and other evidence-based tools to help my clients navigate their process of self-exploration, resolve trauma, and accomplish their goals. Therapy is an opportunity to explore what is unsaid or undiscovered in our experience. I am a sex-positive therapist, and I welcome members from LGBTQIA, Poly, and Kink communities.
(734) 371-8758 View (734) 371-8758
Photo of Heidi J Sproull, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CST
Heidi J Sproull
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CST
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
My ideal client is motivated towards change and leans in towards desired outcomes with curiosity and courage. My clients are open to investigating parts of themselves that hold them back in life. These old scripts are likely connected to hurts and trauma that have caused painful patterns requiring healing in partnership with a clear and engaged practitioner. My definition of health is: Mind, Body and Emotions working in balance around True Self/Soul/Spirit/Essence–pick your favorite word for that part of you. Together, we create therapeutic alliance towards greater balance, self agency, and healthy relationship to self and others.
My ideal client is motivated towards change and leans in towards desired outcomes with curiosity and courage. My clients are open to investigating parts of themselves that hold them back in life. These old scripts are likely connected to hurts and trauma that have caused painful patterns requiring healing in partnership with a clear and engaged practitioner. My definition of health is: Mind, Body and Emotions working in balance around True Self/Soul/Spirit/Essence–pick your favorite word for that part of you. Together, we create therapeutic alliance towards greater balance, self agency, and healthy relationship to self and others.
(734) 904-4290 View (734) 904-4290
Photo of Morgan K Overstreet, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Morgan K Overstreet
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, I’m Morgan. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in relationships and women's health. I work with individuals and couples navigating the emotional and relational changes that can arise during pregnancy, postpartum, parenthood, and perimenopause/menopause. Many of the individuals and couples that I support are adjusting to identity shifts, new stressors, and unexpected anxiety and depression. Individuals often find themselves struggling to manage relationship strain, are experiencing communication challenges, and are feeling a sense of overwhelm as roles and expectations change.
Hi, I’m Morgan. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in relationships and women's health. I work with individuals and couples navigating the emotional and relational changes that can arise during pregnancy, postpartum, parenthood, and perimenopause/menopause. Many of the individuals and couples that I support are adjusting to identity shifts, new stressors, and unexpected anxiety and depression. Individuals often find themselves struggling to manage relationship strain, are experiencing communication challenges, and are feeling a sense of overwhelm as roles and expectations change.
(313) 285-1453 View (313) 285-1453
Photo of Karin Ahbel-Rappe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSSW, LCSW
Karin Ahbel-Rappe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSSW, LCSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
It's hard being a person. We all struggle to some extent in fundamental areas of human life-- relationships, identity, work, destructive behaviors, the meaning of life itself. Satisfying marriage/committed relationships are a specific challenge faced by many. I work in both individual and couples therapy. There are many ways to approach human problems, including: how family of origin influences personality; one's relationship to one's thoughts and feelings; self-defeating beliefs, both conscious and unconscious; self-defeating behavior. I value thoughtfulness and compassion, working together, and recognizing your goals and ideas.
It's hard being a person. We all struggle to some extent in fundamental areas of human life-- relationships, identity, work, destructive behaviors, the meaning of life itself. Satisfying marriage/committed relationships are a specific challenge faced by many. I work in both individual and couples therapy. There are many ways to approach human problems, including: how family of origin influences personality; one's relationship to one's thoughts and feelings; self-defeating beliefs, both conscious and unconscious; self-defeating behavior. I value thoughtfulness and compassion, working together, and recognizing your goals and ideas.
(734) 430-0681 View (734) 430-0681
Photo of Joshua Ehrlich, Psychologist, PhD
Joshua Ehrlich
Psychologist, PhD
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Life can be hard. Young people face a number of challenges-- family stresses, anxiety about growing older and separating from parents, peer pressure, the lure of substances. As adults, we also face painful stressors-- divorce, for example, losses, aging. We can become stuck, overwhelmed, and confused. In my work with adolescents and adults, I offer an engaged, intensive approach that will allow us to understand how longstanding dysfunctional patterns and beliefs affect your daily life. Specialized training and decades of experience have taught me that the better we understand ourselves, the better we can handle challenges and implement adaptive solutions.
Life can be hard. Young people face a number of challenges-- family stresses, anxiety about growing older and separating from parents, peer pressure, the lure of substances. As adults, we also face painful stressors-- divorce, for example, losses, aging. We can become stuck, overwhelmed, and confused. In my work with adolescents and adults, I offer an engaged, intensive approach that will allow us to understand how longstanding dysfunctional patterns and beliefs affect your daily life. Specialized training and decades of experience have taught me that the better we understand ourselves, the better we can handle challenges and implement adaptive solutions.
(734) 663-7839 View (734) 663-7839
Photo of Annette M Marciel, Counselor, LPC
Annette M Marciel
Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Seeking therapy is an invaluable investment in oneself, and I believe it is my job as a therapist to empower clients to find and live their own paths and truths. The path to healing begins with a trusting and accepting therapist-client relationship; I provide a space that recognizes and centers the unique strengths, values, and lived experiences of each individual, and I seek to partner with clients to best meet their needs. Respecting client self-determination is fundamental to my practice, which is grounded in cultural humility and recognizing the ways in which our values and identities form the many facets of who we are.
Seeking therapy is an invaluable investment in oneself, and I believe it is my job as a therapist to empower clients to find and live their own paths and truths. The path to healing begins with a trusting and accepting therapist-client relationship; I provide a space that recognizes and centers the unique strengths, values, and lived experiences of each individual, and I seek to partner with clients to best meet their needs. Respecting client self-determination is fundamental to my practice, which is grounded in cultural humility and recognizing the ways in which our values and identities form the many facets of who we are.
(248) 247-7365 View (248) 247-7365
Photo of Joel Perry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Joel Perry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
I have an integrated approach to therapy, using a variety of methods and theories to best serve each person’s needs. I use specific methods as needed, but the main focus is on understanding the client with their unique history and personality. I strive to create a safe space for honest conversation that encourages healing and growth to help navigate life’s complexities and difficulties.
I have an integrated approach to therapy, using a variety of methods and theories to best serve each person’s needs. I use specific methods as needed, but the main focus is on understanding the client with their unique history and personality. I strive to create a safe space for honest conversation that encourages healing and growth to help navigate life’s complexities and difficulties.
(734) 371-8434 View (734) 371-8434
Photo of Barry Schumer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Barry Schumer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
I specialize in marriage counseling, the treatment of depression and child and family therapy. I have helped save many marriages and relationships. I have a 70% success rate. Fight less, become better friends and re-ignite your sexual fire. Intimacy and love are typically the most important aspects of living a happy life. I am very skilled in treating young adult identity disorder, divorce adjustment and grief. My average length of therapy is 3-6 months. Sessions are either in person or on FaceTime. What sets me apart? My significant experience, intelligence and my truly caring for my clients. You will not be disappointed
I specialize in marriage counseling, the treatment of depression and child and family therapy. I have helped save many marriages and relationships. I have a 70% success rate. Fight less, become better friends and re-ignite your sexual fire. Intimacy and love are typically the most important aspects of living a happy life. I am very skilled in treating young adult identity disorder, divorce adjustment and grief. My average length of therapy is 3-6 months. Sessions are either in person or on FaceTime. What sets me apart? My significant experience, intelligence and my truly caring for my clients. You will not be disappointed
(734) 440-9136 View (734) 440-9136
Photo of Sharmayne L Brown, Counselor, MA, LLPC
Sharmayne L Brown
Counselor, MA, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Accepting New Clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Finding it difficult to focus and complete tasks? If depression and sadness are becoming too much to handle, and you're withdrawing from others, feeling isolated or as if no one cares—you don't have to face this alone. Life can feel heavy at times and having someone by your side to share your struggles, guide you through the tough times, and celebrate your growth can make all the difference.
Accepting New Clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed and stressed? Finding it difficult to focus and complete tasks? If depression and sadness are becoming too much to handle, and you're withdrawing from others, feeling isolated or as if no one cares—you don't have to face this alone. Life can feel heavy at times and having someone by your side to share your struggles, guide you through the tough times, and celebrate your growth can make all the difference.
(248) 206-3930 View (248) 206-3930
Photo of Debbie Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Debbie Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Are you a stressed-out university student or are you dealing with a major life overhaul? Maybe brand new at the job, uprooted by a move across country or bombarded by the pressures of campus life? An exhausted new parent, navigating tricky relationships with adult kids or reinventing yourself after retirement? Our lives are full of change and change is tough but a tremendous chance for reflection and growth. Learning to manage these changes intentionally and effectively will pave the way for what comes next.
Are you a stressed-out university student or are you dealing with a major life overhaul? Maybe brand new at the job, uprooted by a move across country or bombarded by the pressures of campus life? An exhausted new parent, navigating tricky relationships with adult kids or reinventing yourself after retirement? Our lives are full of change and change is tough but a tremendous chance for reflection and growth. Learning to manage these changes intentionally and effectively will pave the way for what comes next.
(734) 382-4938 View (734) 382-4938
Photo of Mary Neal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Mary Neal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Online Only
Hello all! I am a licensed Social Worker. I received my Masters degree from The University of Michigan and have been practicing for 23 years. I have many diverse life experiences, by which I developed a strong sense of empathy and passion to help others. I enjoy helping adults of all ages, create the life they were destined to live.
Hello all! I am a licensed Social Worker. I received my Masters degree from The University of Michigan and have been practicing for 23 years. I have many diverse life experiences, by which I developed a strong sense of empathy and passion to help others. I enjoy helping adults of all ages, create the life they were destined to live.
(734) 441-2934 View (734) 441-2934
Photo of Sherry (Kuan-Ting) Wu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Sherry (Kuan-Ting) Wu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Accepting new clients and offers Mandarin sessions :) Hi! I’m Sherry. I have a profound passion for helping people navigate through life's challenges such as stress, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and various other hurdles. My goal is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you feel heard, understood, and empowered. As a bilingual therapist fluent in Mandarin and English, I understand the importance of cultural and linguistic sensitivity in the therapeutic process.
Accepting new clients and offers Mandarin sessions :) Hi! I’m Sherry. I have a profound passion for helping people navigate through life's challenges such as stress, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma, and various other hurdles. My goal is to provide a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you feel heard, understood, and empowered. As a bilingual therapist fluent in Mandarin and English, I understand the importance of cultural and linguistic sensitivity in the therapeutic process.
(734) 849-4870 View (734) 849-4870
Photo of Jennifer Ganshorn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Jennifer Ganshorn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is an individualized process that empowers you to be honest and open, giving you the willingness to change. Self-reflection requires the courage to be vulnerable and the curiosity to explore your feelings. I am passionate about helping my clients overcome life's challenges in a process tailored to their needs. Through empathetic listening, I strive to make my clients feel comfortable and supported on their path to change. I am committed to developing partnerships with my clients, working together to heal in an accepting and understanding environment.
Therapy is an individualized process that empowers you to be honest and open, giving you the willingness to change. Self-reflection requires the courage to be vulnerable and the curiosity to explore your feelings. I am passionate about helping my clients overcome life's challenges in a process tailored to their needs. Through empathetic listening, I strive to make my clients feel comfortable and supported on their path to change. I am committed to developing partnerships with my clients, working together to heal in an accepting and understanding environment.
(734) 821-5334 View (734) 821-5334
Photo of Clare Lauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Clare Lauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Clare Lauer (she/her) works at Ann Arbor Therapy & Testing, formerly CNLD Testing & Therapy. She is a compassionate and dedicated therapist who believes in the power of self-awareness, self-compassion, and a positive mindset to foster personal growth. She specializes in working with children, teens, and families, offering a person-centered, strength-based approach to therapy. Clare has extensive experience supporting children and adolescents, from working in international classrooms and local preschools to providing therapy for young people from preschool to high school age.
Clare Lauer (she/her) works at Ann Arbor Therapy & Testing, formerly CNLD Testing & Therapy. She is a compassionate and dedicated therapist who believes in the power of self-awareness, self-compassion, and a positive mindset to foster personal growth. She specializes in working with children, teens, and families, offering a person-centered, strength-based approach to therapy. Clare has extensive experience supporting children and adolescents, from working in international classrooms and local preschools to providing therapy for young people from preschool to high school age.
(734) 251-4707 View (734) 251-4707
Photo of Dr. Amir Maghsoodi, Psychologist, PhD, LP
Dr. Amir Maghsoodi
Psychologist, PhD, LP
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Not accepting new clients
It's painful to suffer alone, to feel unseen or unheard in difficult circumstances, or to feel you don’t belong. Despite your innate strengths, it may be challenging to get through tough times in isolation. I am glad that you are seeking support through therapy. You deserve to sit with someone who offers you hope, who cares about understanding you as a whole person, and who works collaboratively with you to identify and address the root causes of your suffering. As your therapist, I will strive to be a supportive and caring presence on your healing journey.
It's painful to suffer alone, to feel unseen or unheard in difficult circumstances, or to feel you don’t belong. Despite your innate strengths, it may be challenging to get through tough times in isolation. I am glad that you are seeking support through therapy. You deserve to sit with someone who offers you hope, who cares about understanding you as a whole person, and who works collaboratively with you to identify and address the root causes of your suffering. As your therapist, I will strive to be a supportive and caring presence on your healing journey.
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Photo of Amy Lawson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PhD, CAADC, PMH-C
Amy Lawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PhD, CAADC, PMH-C
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I have over eighteen years experience working with adolescent and adults with a wide range of mental health and substance abuse disorders. I use an empathic, strengths based approach to address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and relationship and career changes. I have worked with a variety of clients with co-occuring mental health and substance abuse disorders. I enjoy working with clients through life transitions, such as college, graduate school, career changes, parenting, and mid-life issues. I tend to utilize person centered therapy techniques, CBT, and ACT techniques.
I have over eighteen years experience working with adolescent and adults with a wide range of mental health and substance abuse disorders. I use an empathic, strengths based approach to address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and relationship and career changes. I have worked with a variety of clients with co-occuring mental health and substance abuse disorders. I enjoy working with clients through life transitions, such as college, graduate school, career changes, parenting, and mid-life issues. I tend to utilize person centered therapy techniques, CBT, and ACT techniques.
(734) 442-2137 View (734) 442-2137
Photo of Jacques D Short, Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, MLP
Jacques D Short
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, MLP
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
I focus on the connectedness among developmental, social, relational, and cultural factors. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients, including children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I work with clients dealing with many different issues. I have worked with clients from a myriad of racial and ethnic backgrounds but have focused experience working with Black and Native American clients striving to work through race-related stress and racial identity concerns. I work with sexual identity and gender identity concerns (e.g., trans, questioning, gender non-conforming).
I focus on the connectedness among developmental, social, relational, and cultural factors. I have experience working with a diverse population of clients, including children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. I work with clients dealing with many different issues. I have worked with clients from a myriad of racial and ethnic backgrounds but have focused experience working with Black and Native American clients striving to work through race-related stress and racial identity concerns. I work with sexual identity and gender identity concerns (e.g., trans, questioning, gender non-conforming).
(734) 659-4075 View (734) 659-4075
Photo of Jackie Suderman, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Jackie Suderman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's demands, experiencing stress in your relationships, or noticing an increase in emotional dysregulation? Perhaps life has taken an unexpected turn. Navigating life stressors, loss, disappointments, and pressures takes courage and effort, and you should not face it alone.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's demands, experiencing stress in your relationships, or noticing an increase in emotional dysregulation? Perhaps life has taken an unexpected turn. Navigating life stressors, loss, disappointments, and pressures takes courage and effort, and you should not face it alone.
(734) 290-4472 View (734) 290-4472

See more therapy options for Ann Arbor

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$159

Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
62% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Aetna
61% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ann Arbor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.