Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

Photo of Karim Hisham Kabbani, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Karim Hisham Kabbani
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
From a young age, the inclination to approach others who appear to be experiencing hardship became instilled in me through early life experiences and choices. The passion I have towards helping others achieve their full life potential and engage in purposeful growth is of great importance to me.  I received my Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of Michigan and subsequently received my Master of Arts in clinical psychology at the Michigan School of Psychology. Having worked years in partial hospitalization, I enjoy working with individuals who are both experiencing
From a young age, the inclination to approach others who appear to be experiencing hardship became instilled in me through early life experiences and choices. The passion I have towards helping others achieve their full life potential and engage in purposeful growth is of great importance to me.  I received my Bachelor of Arts in psychology from the University of Michigan and subsequently received my Master of Arts in clinical psychology at the Michigan School of Psychology. Having worked years in partial hospitalization, I enjoy working with individuals who are both experiencing
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Photo of Brianna Jackson, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brianna Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I appreciate your willingness to be vulnerable and seek a partner in change. I welcome you as you are and will create a safe, judgement-free space for you to share your thoughts and feelings. My top priority is to empower you to reach your full potential by highlighting your own inner-strength and wisdom. I use an eclectic approach with my clients, meaning I work with you to identify which tools and skills may be most helpful based on your unique experiences and preferences.
I appreciate your willingness to be vulnerable and seek a partner in change. I welcome you as you are and will create a safe, judgement-free space for you to share your thoughts and feelings. My top priority is to empower you to reach your full potential by highlighting your own inner-strength and wisdom. I use an eclectic approach with my clients, meaning I work with you to identify which tools and skills may be most helpful based on your unique experiences and preferences.
(734) 339-2693 View (734) 339-2693
Photo of Raymond Olson, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Raymond Olson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I am a Limited Licensed Social Worker with experience working with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, and several other mental health concerns. I identify as a trans man and seek to be accepting and affirming to all my clients.
I am a Limited Licensed Social Worker with experience working with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, and several other mental health concerns. I identify as a trans man and seek to be accepting and affirming to all my clients.
(734) 896-5432 View (734) 896-5432
Photo of Tiffany Schultz, LMSW, CAADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Schultz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
Are you someone navigating the complexities of life transitions—be it a career change, relationship challenges, or personal growth? Or maybe someone who has experienced trauma and is seeking to heal and rebuild their life? You may be grappling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or feelings of disconnection, or often feel overwhelmed by your past experiences. If your primary goals include processing trauma in a safe environment, developing coping strategies, or reclaiming your sense of self and agency, we can create a supportive space where we can explore these themes, learn to trust, and embrace a path of healing and growth.
Are you someone navigating the complexities of life transitions—be it a career change, relationship challenges, or personal growth? Or maybe someone who has experienced trauma and is seeking to heal and rebuild their life? You may be grappling with symptoms of anxiety, depression, or feelings of disconnection, or often feel overwhelmed by your past experiences. If your primary goals include processing trauma in a safe environment, developing coping strategies, or reclaiming your sense of self and agency, we can create a supportive space where we can explore these themes, learn to trust, and embrace a path of healing and growth.
(734) 290-3940 View (734) 290-3940
Photo of Samantha Hughes, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
My background in various human services settings has allowed me space to develop skills and understand people in a different way than most. My goal is to help you attain the skills to be who you want to be and have a place to let your feelings be heard. I love to help people start from where they are now and grow into who they want to be. My passion is working with children and young adults, focusing on becoming more independent through aquiring knowledge and skills for success and to better manage life stressors, anxiety, depression, transition, divorce, family changes, behavioral problems and school related issues.
My background in various human services settings has allowed me space to develop skills and understand people in a different way than most. My goal is to help you attain the skills to be who you want to be and have a place to let your feelings be heard. I love to help people start from where they are now and grow into who they want to be. My passion is working with children and young adults, focusing on becoming more independent through aquiring knowledge and skills for success and to better manage life stressors, anxiety, depression, transition, divorce, family changes, behavioral problems and school related issues.
(734) 865-2766 View (734) 865-2766
Photo of Matt Waddell, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Matt Waddell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104  (Online Only)
I take an approach to therapy that is centered on building trust and a belief that clients know themselves the best. I feel it is important to form a relationship that becomes the framework that leads to understanding and change. I have provided therapy to young adults/adults in various settings and worked with individuals facing different concerns including anxiety, depression, substance use, adjustment-related stress, difficult relationship dynamics, grief/loss, and identity development. I also specialize in working with those who have been impacted by a loved one's addiction.
I take an approach to therapy that is centered on building trust and a belief that clients know themselves the best. I feel it is important to form a relationship that becomes the framework that leads to understanding and change. I have provided therapy to young adults/adults in various settings and worked with individuals facing different concerns including anxiety, depression, substance use, adjustment-related stress, difficult relationship dynamics, grief/loss, and identity development. I also specialize in working with those who have been impacted by a loved one's addiction.
(734) 436-3972 View (734) 436-3972
Photo of Imaani Ali, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Imaani Ali
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Imaani Ali is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Michigan who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a Minor in Arabic Language and Culture from Loyola University and a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northwestern University. Imaani believes in a collaborative, systemic, and goal-oriented form of therapy. She strives to hear and understand her clients, observe aloud, and validate their thoughts and feelings, and discuss coping skills and strategies to build their understanding of themselves and their resiliency in navigating change.
Imaani Ali is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Michigan who has been practicing since 2016. She has a Bachelor of Science in Psychology with a Minor in Arabic Language and Culture from Loyola University and a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northwestern University. Imaani believes in a collaborative, systemic, and goal-oriented form of therapy. She strives to hear and understand her clients, observe aloud, and validate their thoughts and feelings, and discuss coping skills and strategies to build their understanding of themselves and their resiliency in navigating change.
(734) 985-2106 View (734) 985-2106
Photo of Richard Scott Reinsmith, MA, LLP, Limited Licensed Psychologist
Richard Scott Reinsmith
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
I've been practicing privately for over 30 years in the Ann Arbor area. I enjoy working with individuals and couples. I also run groups for adult males sexually abused as children. I am well known for my work in all areas of addiction, and for the treatment of victims of sexual assault.
I've been practicing privately for over 30 years in the Ann Arbor area. I enjoy working with individuals and couples. I also run groups for adult males sexually abused as children. I am well known for my work in all areas of addiction, and for the treatment of victims of sexual assault.
(734) 294-5674 View (734) 294-5674
Photo of Debbie Miller, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debbie Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Are you a stressed-out university student or are you dealing with a major life overhaul? Maybe brand new at the job, uprooted by a move across country or bombarded by the pressures of campus life? An exhausted new parent, navigating tricky relationships with adult kids or reinventing yourself after retirement? Our lives are full of change and change is tough but a tremendous chance for reflection and growth. Learning to manage these changes intentionally and effectively will pave the way for what comes next.
Are you a stressed-out university student or are you dealing with a major life overhaul? Maybe brand new at the job, uprooted by a move across country or bombarded by the pressures of campus life? An exhausted new parent, navigating tricky relationships with adult kids or reinventing yourself after retirement? Our lives are full of change and change is tough but a tremendous chance for reflection and growth. Learning to manage these changes intentionally and effectively will pave the way for what comes next.
(734) 382-4938 View (734) 382-4938
Photo of Brooke Terry, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brooke Terry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Welcome! My name is Brooke (she/her) and I am so proud of you for being here! I strive to create meaningful connections and encourage positive change, while creating a safe therapeutic environment. My goal is to provide a comforting, empathetic, and secure space in which we can work alongside each other. Together, we can strive for authenticity, enhanced well-being, and personal growth.
Welcome! My name is Brooke (she/her) and I am so proud of you for being here! I strive to create meaningful connections and encourage positive change, while creating a safe therapeutic environment. My goal is to provide a comforting, empathetic, and secure space in which we can work alongside each other. Together, we can strive for authenticity, enhanced well-being, and personal growth.
(734) 361-2104 View (734) 361-2104
Photo of Alicia McCormick Piraka, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alicia McCormick Piraka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I will be your guide in the therapeutic process, committed to meeting you exactly where you are, and supporting you as you navigate life’s challenges. I can help with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, childhood trauma, life transitions, parenting, and self-empowerment. I partner with you to uncover root causes of feelings and behaviors, while also building skills, knowledge, and understanding of what you need to heal, move forward, and be the best version of yourself. You are the expert in your own life, and I am here to help you harness that expertise to create meaningful change.
I will be your guide in the therapeutic process, committed to meeting you exactly where you are, and supporting you as you navigate life’s challenges. I can help with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, childhood trauma, life transitions, parenting, and self-empowerment. I partner with you to uncover root causes of feelings and behaviors, while also building skills, knowledge, and understanding of what you need to heal, move forward, and be the best version of yourself. You are the expert in your own life, and I am here to help you harness that expertise to create meaningful change.
(734) 290-3540 View (734) 290-3540
Photo of Lauren Hoyt, MA, LMFT, LISAC, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren Hoyt
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LISAC, CSAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Not accepting new clients
Couples on the Brink: If you or your partner are considering divorce but not completely sure about it, Discernment Counseling is designed for you. It’s a chance to slow down, take a breath, learn about what’s happened to your marriage, and look at your options for your marriage. The goal is not to solve your marital problems but to see if they are solvable. You will each be treated with compassion and respect no matter how you feel about your marriage at this time. Please note that although I have a current waitlist, potential couples seeking Discernment Counseling DO NOT have to wait!
Couples on the Brink: If you or your partner are considering divorce but not completely sure about it, Discernment Counseling is designed for you. It’s a chance to slow down, take a breath, learn about what’s happened to your marriage, and look at your options for your marriage. The goal is not to solve your marital problems but to see if they are solvable. You will each be treated with compassion and respect no matter how you feel about your marriage at this time. Please note that although I have a current waitlist, potential couples seeking Discernment Counseling DO NOT have to wait!
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Photo of Amy Lawson, LMSW, PhD, CAADC, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Lawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PhD, CAADC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I have over eighteen years experience working with adolescent and adults with a wide range of mental health and substance abuse disorders. I use an empathic, strengths based approach to address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and relationship and career changes. I have worked with a variety of clients with co-occuring mental health and substance abuse disorders. I enjoy working with clients through life transitions, such as college, graduate school, career changes, parenting, and mid-life issues. I tend to utilize person centered therapy techniques, CBT, and ACT techniques.
I have over eighteen years experience working with adolescent and adults with a wide range of mental health and substance abuse disorders. I use an empathic, strengths based approach to address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and relationship and career changes. I have worked with a variety of clients with co-occuring mental health and substance abuse disorders. I enjoy working with clients through life transitions, such as college, graduate school, career changes, parenting, and mid-life issues. I tend to utilize person centered therapy techniques, CBT, and ACT techniques.
(734) 442-2137 View (734) 442-2137
Photo of Amy Pershing, LMSW, ACSW, CCPT-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Pershing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW, CCPT-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Amy Pershing is the President of the Center for Eating Disorders and Founding Director of "Bodywise," the first comprehensive treatment program for binge eating disorder (BED) in the United States. Pershing lectures internationally on the treatment of BED and her own recovery journey and has been featured on numerous radio and television programs speaking about BED treatment and recovery. Pershing is the author of Binge Eating Disorder: The Journey to Recovery and Beyond (Routledge, 2018), and "Emotional Eating, Chronic Dieting, Bingeing And Body Image: A Trauma-Informed Workbook ", with co-authors Judith Matz and Christy Harrison.
Amy Pershing is the President of the Center for Eating Disorders and Founding Director of "Bodywise," the first comprehensive treatment program for binge eating disorder (BED) in the United States. Pershing lectures internationally on the treatment of BED and her own recovery journey and has been featured on numerous radio and television programs speaking about BED treatment and recovery. Pershing is the author of Binge Eating Disorder: The Journey to Recovery and Beyond (Routledge, 2018), and "Emotional Eating, Chronic Dieting, Bingeing And Body Image: A Trauma-Informed Workbook ", with co-authors Judith Matz and Christy Harrison.
(734) 506-6397 View (734) 506-6397
Photo of Melissa R Davies Psy.d., PsyD, Psychologist
Melissa R Davies Psy.d.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
Change is hard, especially when life takes a turn you don't expect. Together, we'll discover how to cope with the changes in your life, whether they were planned or unplanned. More than that, we'll work together to help you become a better person. Adversity helps define who we are - our strengths and challenges. Whether you find yourself in circumstances of your own making, or thrown into life's unexpected storms, we will find a way through it. You'll be surprised at the strength you have, and your capacity to grow into a better person for it.
Change is hard, especially when life takes a turn you don't expect. Together, we'll discover how to cope with the changes in your life, whether they were planned or unplanned. More than that, we'll work together to help you become a better person. Adversity helps define who we are - our strengths and challenges. Whether you find yourself in circumstances of your own making, or thrown into life's unexpected storms, we will find a way through it. You'll be surprised at the strength you have, and your capacity to grow into a better person for it.
(419) 679-4709 View (419) 679-4709
Photo of Kathleen (Katie) Donoghue, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kathleen (Katie) Donoghue
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48108  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. Overwhelmed with your thoughts, feelings, and emotions? Difficulty being in the present moment? Feeling generally unfulfilled or less satisfied in your life, work, or relationship(s) with yourself and others? !%€
Accepting new clients. Overwhelmed with your thoughts, feelings, and emotions? Difficulty being in the present moment? Feeling generally unfulfilled or less satisfied in your life, work, or relationship(s) with yourself and others? !%€
(734) 206-7107 View (734) 206-7107
Photo of Lorrie Carbone, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lorrie Carbone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
My passion is to guide others beyond difficult problems and stresses to build a better life. I provide a safe space with each client to work on challenging relationships, managing anxiety, depression, health issues, trauma, and life changes. Sometimes it may take a short time, or sometimes longer-term work is more useful, as we develop current strengths and new resources. With my 30+ years’ experience I can often see which approaches best fit one person’s needs. Approaches often used are mindfulness, motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy.
My passion is to guide others beyond difficult problems and stresses to build a better life. I provide a safe space with each client to work on challenging relationships, managing anxiety, depression, health issues, trauma, and life changes. Sometimes it may take a short time, or sometimes longer-term work is more useful, as we develop current strengths and new resources. With my 30+ years’ experience I can often see which approaches best fit one person’s needs. Approaches often used are mindfulness, motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(734) 259-6618 View (734) 259-6618
Photo of Joseph Forrest, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joseph Forrest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
I take an individual and strengths-based approach to therapy, and specialize in working with adults who deal with trauma, insomnia, depression, substance use disorders, and anxiety. I hope to cultivate an accepting and empowering environment where you can feel supported and challenged to progress. I hope to give you practical help in getting to your goals, and provide feedback and exercises to work on outside of our time together, increasing the size of your tool kit to deal with life stressors and mental health challenges.
I take an individual and strengths-based approach to therapy, and specialize in working with adults who deal with trauma, insomnia, depression, substance use disorders, and anxiety. I hope to cultivate an accepting and empowering environment where you can feel supported and challenged to progress. I hope to give you practical help in getting to your goals, and provide feedback and exercises to work on outside of our time together, increasing the size of your tool kit to deal with life stressors and mental health challenges.
(734) 802-2124 View (734) 802-2124
Photo of Lee Byers, MS, LLPC, CRC, Counselor
Lee Byers
Counselor, MS, LLPC, CRC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm passionate about providing mental health support to queer adults; individuals who’ve experienced religious, medical, and childhood trauma; those with chronic illness, and people with ADHD, ASD, and dissociative symptoms. My goal is to work together to explore new tools and perspectives that support your inherent ability to grow. I believe in creating a space where people can better understand their perspectives, challenges, and strengths.
I'm passionate about providing mental health support to queer adults; individuals who’ve experienced religious, medical, and childhood trauma; those with chronic illness, and people with ADHD, ASD, and dissociative symptoms. My goal is to work together to explore new tools and perspectives that support your inherent ability to grow. I believe in creating a space where people can better understand their perspectives, challenges, and strengths.
(734) 724-5138 View (734) 724-5138
Photo of Rowan Anastasia, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rowan Anastasia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Do you ever get a cold isolated feeling when everyone around you seems to know exactly what they want to do in life or at least who they are and how to get there? That stomach-dropping loneliness that leaves you wondering if you’ll ever belong? Or maybe you know what it’s like to stare at an insurmountable mountain between you and who you want to be. So instead you put what everybody else wants and needs first, and hope no one ever asks you these questions because you don’t know what you’d be able to tell them? If so, my name is Rowan Anastasia LLMSW and I am the therapist for you.
Do you ever get a cold isolated feeling when everyone around you seems to know exactly what they want to do in life or at least who they are and how to get there? That stomach-dropping loneliness that leaves you wondering if you’ll ever belong? Or maybe you know what it’s like to stare at an insurmountable mountain between you and who you want to be. So instead you put what everybody else wants and needs first, and hope no one ever asks you these questions because you don’t know what you’d be able to tell them? If so, my name is Rowan Anastasia LLMSW and I am the therapist for you.
(734) 336-2456 View (734) 336-2456
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
56% Aetna
53% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ann Arbor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.