Therapists in 21842

Photo of Rochelle Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Rochelle Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Ocean City, MD 21842
I am a Licensed Certified Clinical Social Worker with almost twenty years experience working with individuals, families and groups. I work from the perspective although I know various theoretical approaches well, every client is unique and treatment should reflect their personal needs.
I am a Licensed Certified Clinical Social Worker with almost twenty years experience working with individuals, families and groups. I work from the perspective although I know various theoretical approaches well, every client is unique and treatment should reflect their personal needs.
(410) 584-3563 View (410) 584-3563
Photo of Jennifer Maddox, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LMHC
Jennifer Maddox
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Ocean City, MD 21842
Perhaps you're feeling burdened by life's stressors and are feeling stuck and out of sorts. Maybe you're finding yourself anxious daily and are in need of some relief. Maybe you're feeling down, sad, alone, confused, or even irritable. Maybe you're not getting as much joy from spending time with your loved ones. Maybe you've endured a hardship, break up, or suffered a loss, and you feel yourself breaking piece by piece. Maybe it is time to do something about it. Maybe it is time to begin healing. I'm currently servicing clients of Arkansas, Florida, Maryland, Michigan & New Jersey. Schedule a session at www.crazetherapy.com.
Perhaps you're feeling burdened by life's stressors and are feeling stuck and out of sorts. Maybe you're finding yourself anxious daily and are in need of some relief. Maybe you're feeling down, sad, alone, confused, or even irritable. Maybe you're not getting as much joy from spending time with your loved ones. Maybe you've endured a hardship, break up, or suffered a loss, and you feel yourself breaking piece by piece. Maybe it is time to do something about it. Maybe it is time to begin healing. I'm currently servicing clients of Arkansas, Florida, Maryland, Michigan & New Jersey. Schedule a session at www.crazetherapy.com.
(321) 483-1504 View (321) 483-1504
Photo of Amy J Leonard, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MAC, LCADC
Amy J Leonard
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, MAC, LCADC
Serves Area
I work with individuals struggling with substance disorder abuse or dependence, in a private setting. I specialize in working with adults who need on-going outpatient counseling services. I also provide thorough initial bio-psycho social assessments to determine the appropriate level of treatment and/or treatment approach that is best suited for each individual. I hold a Masters in Professional Counseling, a Maryland license as a professional LCADA and accreditation as a Master Addiction Counselor. I believe all my clients have the capability and motivation to obtain remission and reach positive, productive outcomes.
I work with individuals struggling with substance disorder abuse or dependence, in a private setting. I specialize in working with adults who need on-going outpatient counseling services. I also provide thorough initial bio-psycho social assessments to determine the appropriate level of treatment and/or treatment approach that is best suited for each individual. I hold a Masters in Professional Counseling, a Maryland license as a professional LCADA and accreditation as a Master Addiction Counselor. I believe all my clients have the capability and motivation to obtain remission and reach positive, productive outcomes.
(410) 600-7386 View (410) 600-7386
Photo of Renee Bonifacio Richberg, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CMDP, CCATP
Renee Bonifacio Richberg
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CMDP, CCATP
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
As we journey through life, we encounter obstacles and challenges through the interactions we have with our family, our friends, and our environment that shape our reactions to the world around us and impact our self-perception. We may be unaware of how these behaviors negatively impact our day to day interactions and functioning that may be hindering our potential, leading to existential crises and feelings of aimlessness and hopelessness.
As we journey through life, we encounter obstacles and challenges through the interactions we have with our family, our friends, and our environment that shape our reactions to the world around us and impact our self-perception. We may be unaware of how these behaviors negatively impact our day to day interactions and functioning that may be hindering our potential, leading to existential crises and feelings of aimlessness and hopelessness.
(410) 226-7818 View (410) 226-7818
Photo of Madi O'Malley, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Madi O'Malley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Sexual inhibition, low desire, or dysfunction can leave you feeling insecure and worried about your relationship. Where once was love and joy, now there are bouts of loneliness and arguments. Sex has become another item on the to-do list, if it even happens at all. Maybe you have already tried couple’s counseling, but the frustration and resentment around your sex life keeps your relationship stuck and you’re still left wondering if it is your fault. You want to overcome the challenges that make sex unenjoyable, difficult, even painful, but you wonder if therapy can help.
Sexual inhibition, low desire, or dysfunction can leave you feeling insecure and worried about your relationship. Where once was love and joy, now there are bouts of loneliness and arguments. Sex has become another item on the to-do list, if it even happens at all. Maybe you have already tried couple’s counseling, but the frustration and resentment around your sex life keeps your relationship stuck and you’re still left wondering if it is your fault. You want to overcome the challenges that make sex unenjoyable, difficult, even painful, but you wonder if therapy can help.
(410) 397-7149 View (410) 397-7149
Photo of Amy Somerstein - Holistic Healing Counseling Center, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LCSW-C, LGPC, LMSW
Holistic Healing Counseling Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LCSW-C, LGPC, LMSW
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not quite like yourself—despite doing your best to keep it all together? You might be navigating a major life transition, working through grief or trauma, or finding it hard to focus and stay motivated. You want to feel grounded, connected, and more at ease, but don’t know where to begin. What you truly need is a safe, supportive space where you can be seen and empowered to heal—not just get by, but thrive. At HHCC, we believe well-being is deeply interconnected. That’s why we take a holistic approach, addressing the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or not quite like yourself—despite doing your best to keep it all together? You might be navigating a major life transition, working through grief or trauma, or finding it hard to focus and stay motivated. You want to feel grounded, connected, and more at ease, but don’t know where to begin. What you truly need is a safe, supportive space where you can be seen and empowered to heal—not just get by, but thrive. At HHCC, we believe well-being is deeply interconnected. That’s why we take a holistic approach, addressing the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual health.
(240) 852-2781 View (240) 852-2781
Photo of Deborah C Stramella, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Deborah C Stramella
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Serves Area
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Maryland and Delaware who provides psychotherapy for individuals, families and couples. I have been providing therapy services since 2008 and have worked in both a clinic and private practice setting. Prior to 2008, I worked in the healthcare industry for 18 years and have experience working with the specific needs of health care providers and public service workers.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in Maryland and Delaware who provides psychotherapy for individuals, families and couples. I have been providing therapy services since 2008 and have worked in both a clinic and private practice setting. Prior to 2008, I worked in the healthcare industry for 18 years and have experience working with the specific needs of health care providers and public service workers.
(302) 246-7066 View (302) 246-7066
Photo of Gerardo Grasso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Gerardo Grasso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Serves Area
Welcome! I’m Gerry, and I’m glad you’re here. As a dedicated Psychotherapist, my goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I understand that seeking help can be a daunting step, and I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey.
Welcome! I’m Gerry, and I’m glad you’re here. As a dedicated Psychotherapist, my goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I understand that seeking help can be a daunting step, and I want you to know that you are not alone on this journey.
(443) 998-2458 View (443) 998-2458
Photo of Jennifer Gee-Peterson, Counselor, MS, LGPC
Jennifer Gee-Peterson
Counselor, MS, LGPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Thank you for being here and taking the first step towards healing. I am here to tell you that there is hope. I am dedicated to helping you realize that thriving is possible no matter how long you've been struggling. I will work with you and beside you to help you achieve your life, relationship, and wellness goals and lead a meaningful and purposeful life. You feel caught in a constant cycle of stress, anxiety, and overwhelm, unsure how to break free. Self-doubt is always looming, leaving you searching for inner peace. If you are drifting through life without direction, uncertain of the next step, I will help you move forward.
Thank you for being here and taking the first step towards healing. I am here to tell you that there is hope. I am dedicated to helping you realize that thriving is possible no matter how long you've been struggling. I will work with you and beside you to help you achieve your life, relationship, and wellness goals and lead a meaningful and purposeful life. You feel caught in a constant cycle of stress, anxiety, and overwhelm, unsure how to break free. Self-doubt is always looming, leaving you searching for inner peace. If you are drifting through life without direction, uncertain of the next step, I will help you move forward.
(240) 998-1283 View (240) 998-1283
Photo of Amy P Ginnavan - Seaside Counseling & Wellness Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LCADC
Seaside Counseling & Wellness Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LCADC
Serves Area
Seaside Counseling & Wellness Center was Established in 2012 to meet the growing needs of the community by providing positive & supportive mental health and physical well-being services. SCWC provides individual, family and couples counseling to promote wellness and mental health to everyone. SCWC works from a strength-based perspective that emphasizes the potential for growth in each person and situation. SCWC can help you improve your relationship with yourself and others. The focus is on being free of anger, sadness, stress, etc... and live a healthy, happy balanced life.
Seaside Counseling & Wellness Center was Established in 2012 to meet the growing needs of the community by providing positive & supportive mental health and physical well-being services. SCWC provides individual, family and couples counseling to promote wellness and mental health to everyone. SCWC works from a strength-based perspective that emphasizes the potential for growth in each person and situation. SCWC can help you improve your relationship with yourself and others. The focus is on being free of anger, sadness, stress, etc... and live a healthy, happy balanced life.
(410) 921-7086 View (410) 921-7086
Photo of Elpida Hope Nissirios - Eastern Shore Neuropsychology, Psychologist, PsyD
Eastern Shore Neuropsychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
As a Pediatric Neuropsychologist, Dr. Nissirios specializes in assessing children with a variety of complex medical and neurodevelopmental concerns that impact learning, behavior, and social-emotional functioning. Our evaluations provide a comprehensive view of each child’s strengths and weaknesses, while also helping families understand their child’s unique potential.
As a Pediatric Neuropsychologist, Dr. Nissirios specializes in assessing children with a variety of complex medical and neurodevelopmental concerns that impact learning, behavior, and social-emotional functioning. Our evaluations provide a comprehensive view of each child’s strengths and weaknesses, while also helping families understand their child’s unique potential.
(667) 200-1290 View (667) 200-1290
Photo of Christopher Tabb - Lighthouse Counseling Christian Ministry, Counselor, LCPC, LCSW-C, LMSW, LGPC, CRNPPMH
Lighthouse Counseling Christian Ministry
Counselor, LCPC, LCSW-C, LMSW, LGPC, CRNPPMH
Serves Area
**Accepting New Clients** Our passion's here at Lighthouse Counseling Christian Ministry include Adolescent Counseling, Marriage and Couples Counseling, Addictions Counseling, working through anxiety and depression issues and generally listening and providing solid techniques in conflict resolution of all types. We provide a safe and confidential environment in which to develop trust and confidence. We have a diverse staff willing to walk alongside you in whatever journey you are on. IF LIFE HAS YOU DOWN, PLEASE LOOK US UP!!
**Accepting New Clients** Our passion's here at Lighthouse Counseling Christian Ministry include Adolescent Counseling, Marriage and Couples Counseling, Addictions Counseling, working through anxiety and depression issues and generally listening and providing solid techniques in conflict resolution of all types. We provide a safe and confidential environment in which to develop trust and confidence. We have a diverse staff willing to walk alongside you in whatever journey you are on. IF LIFE HAS YOU DOWN, PLEASE LOOK US UP!!
(410) 656-6128 View (410) 656-6128
Photo of Melissa Rivero, Counselor, LCPC, RPT™, NCC
Melissa Rivero
Counselor, LCPC, RPT™, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Real Support for Real Life You’ve taken the hardest step, reaching out. Now let’s take the next one together. I help children, teens, and adults feel heard, supported, and empowered as they navigate anxiety, ADHD, trauma, depression, life transitions, and more. My clients describe me as warm, down-to-earth, and collaborative. I believe healing begins when you feel safe to be your authentic self and I’m here to create that space for you.
Real Support for Real Life You’ve taken the hardest step, reaching out. Now let’s take the next one together. I help children, teens, and adults feel heard, supported, and empowered as they navigate anxiety, ADHD, trauma, depression, life transitions, and more. My clients describe me as warm, down-to-earth, and collaborative. I believe healing begins when you feel safe to be your authentic self and I’m here to create that space for you.
(443) 818-5792 View (443) 818-5792
Photo of Brooke Manley, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, PMH-C
Brooke Manley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, PMH-C
Serves Area
Are you navigating the incredible, yet often overwhelming, journey of pregnancy or new parenthood? Perhaps you find yourself caught in a whirlwind of sleepless nights, constant demands, and a profound sense of losing touch with the person you once were. The beautiful chaos of welcoming a child can sometimes bring with it intense feelings of anxiety, sadness, or an unfamiliar sense of being utterly overstimulated. You might be wondering, "Is this how it's supposed to feel?" or "Will I ever feel like myself again?"
Are you navigating the incredible, yet often overwhelming, journey of pregnancy or new parenthood? Perhaps you find yourself caught in a whirlwind of sleepless nights, constant demands, and a profound sense of losing touch with the person you once were. The beautiful chaos of welcoming a child can sometimes bring with it intense feelings of anxiety, sadness, or an unfamiliar sense of being utterly overstimulated. You might be wondering, "Is this how it's supposed to feel?" or "Will I ever feel like myself again?"
(410) 397-7173 View (410) 397-7173
Photo of Erin Southerington, Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT
Erin Southerington
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCMFT, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals and couples who are motivated to engage in therapy and open to exploring new perspectives. If you're seeking to improve your relationship, whether with yourself or others, and are ready to commit to the process, we can collaborate to achieve meaningful change. For couples, I offer specialized individual therapy and group therapy aimed at healing and enhancing relationships. Together, we can address recurring conflicts, rebuild trust, and strengthen your connection. In addition to individual and couples therapy, I facilitate DBT Skills Groups and offer Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) sessions.
I work with individuals and couples who are motivated to engage in therapy and open to exploring new perspectives. If you're seeking to improve your relationship, whether with yourself or others, and are ready to commit to the process, we can collaborate to achieve meaningful change. For couples, I offer specialized individual therapy and group therapy aimed at healing and enhancing relationships. Together, we can address recurring conflicts, rebuild trust, and strengthen your connection. In addition to individual and couples therapy, I facilitate DBT Skills Groups and offer Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) sessions.
(443) 785-8410 View (443) 785-8410
Photo of Laura Miller - Laura Miller - Counseling on Call, LCPC
Laura Miller - Counseling on Call
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I'm Laura. My therapeutic approach includes utilizing a person-centered and CBT approach. I have experience working with families, couples, children and adolescents and adults of all ages. I specialize in mood disorders, depression, anxiety, substance use, trauma, crisis counseling, child behavior and play therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and healing space to work through and overcome challenges by focusing on your needs and strengths. Please do not hesitate to reach out on any day or at any time to schedule!
Hi, I'm Laura. My therapeutic approach includes utilizing a person-centered and CBT approach. I have experience working with families, couples, children and adolescents and adults of all ages. I specialize in mood disorders, depression, anxiety, substance use, trauma, crisis counseling, child behavior and play therapy. My goal is to provide a safe and healing space to work through and overcome challenges by focusing on your needs and strengths. Please do not hesitate to reach out on any day or at any time to schedule!
(443) 888-0981 View (443) 888-0981
Photo of Karen S. Porter, Counselor, LCPC, TI-ATC
Karen S. Porter
Counselor, LCPC, TI-ATC
Online Only
Life is what you make it! What is holding you back from living your best life? Low motivation? Depression? Anxiety? Together, we will take a holistic approach in guiding you towards fulfilling your goal or goals. My approach is one of working with you, identifying your strengths and needs, exploring goals and developing the necessary steps to help you achieve those goals. As good mental health is just a part of living well, we will also explore nutrition and exercise. The choice is yours-One Day or Day One.
Life is what you make it! What is holding you back from living your best life? Low motivation? Depression? Anxiety? Together, we will take a holistic approach in guiding you towards fulfilling your goal or goals. My approach is one of working with you, identifying your strengths and needs, exploring goals and developing the necessary steps to help you achieve those goals. As good mental health is just a part of living well, we will also explore nutrition and exercise. The choice is yours-One Day or Day One.
(410) 936-5908 View (410) 936-5908
Photo of Rochelle Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Rochelle Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker – Clinical. I have almost two decades of experience working with individuals, families, couples, and groups. I use an eclectic approach to providing therapy. People are individuals first and what works for one individual may be ineffective for another. I believe in individualized care.
I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker – Clinical. I have almost two decades of experience working with individuals, families, couples, and groups. I use an eclectic approach to providing therapy. People are individuals first and what works for one individual may be ineffective for another. I believe in individualized care.
(443) 586-9772 View (443) 586-9772
Photo of Sarah Harding, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Sarah Harding
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can present unexpected challenges, and what matters most is how we respond, heal, and bounce back. I am passionate about helping adolescents, young adults, and adults navigate stressors, anxiety, life changes, relationship difficulties, identity issues, and trauma. My practice resonates with clients who seek to manage uncertainty, change, and strong emotions, navigate conflicts, and be empowered, resilient, and in control throughout daily life. My clients describe me as empathetic, trustworthy, flexible, and nonjudgmental, valuing a gentle approach, but also unafraid to challenge clients toward the growth they wish to achieve.
Life can present unexpected challenges, and what matters most is how we respond, heal, and bounce back. I am passionate about helping adolescents, young adults, and adults navigate stressors, anxiety, life changes, relationship difficulties, identity issues, and trauma. My practice resonates with clients who seek to manage uncertainty, change, and strong emotions, navigate conflicts, and be empowered, resilient, and in control throughout daily life. My clients describe me as empathetic, trustworthy, flexible, and nonjudgmental, valuing a gentle approach, but also unafraid to challenge clients toward the growth they wish to achieve.
(443) 971-7095 View (443) 971-7095
Photo of Carita Carlyle, Counselor, LPCMH
Carita Carlyle
Counselor, LPCMH
Online Only
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have over 30 years experience working in the school setting as a special educator and school counselor, supporting youth, parents and school personnel on a variety of issues. I use an integrative, holistic approach with strong emphasis on self- care and mindfulness training. My areas of specialization include anxiety, loss and grief, life transitions, communication and parenting issues.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I have over 30 years experience working in the school setting as a special educator and school counselor, supporting youth, parents and school personnel on a variety of issues. I use an integrative, holistic approach with strong emphasis on self- care and mindfulness training. My areas of specialization include anxiety, loss and grief, life transitions, communication and parenting issues.
(302) 202-0439 View (302) 202-0439

See more therapy options for 21842

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 21842

30+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 21842 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Self Esteem
63% Stress
60% Coping Skills
57% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Cigna and Evernorth
81% Aetna
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 21842 see their clients

54% Online Only
46% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 21842?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.