Photo of Penny Chai, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Penny Chai
Psychologist, MSc, PsyBA - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
I am an endorsed Counselling Psychologist with 10+ years clinical experience in public and private sectors. I am down to earth, caring and friendly. I work collaboratively with my clients to find out what matters to them and provide support for them to develop their strengths and coping skills, to achieve their goals for therapy. I aim to provide a supportive and non-judgemental space in which people can feel safe to explore their difficulties. I am bilingual in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese (Chinese).
I am an endorsed Counselling Psychologist with 10+ years clinical experience in public and private sectors. I am down to earth, caring and friendly. I work collaboratively with my clients to find out what matters to them and provide support for them to develop their strengths and coping skills, to achieve their goals for therapy. I aim to provide a supportive and non-judgemental space in which people can feel safe to explore their difficulties. I am bilingual in English, Mandarin, and Cantonese (Chinese).
(08) 6361 3260 View (08) 6361 3260
Photo of Jennifer Altheimer, ACA-L4, Counsellor
Jennifer Altheimer
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
I am an experienced, registered counsellor with more than 18 years of experience working with individuals, children, couples and families from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. I have worked alongside these clients to bring about healing in the relationship they have with themselves and others. My training and experience in various issues such as family and relationship dynamics, interpersonal issues, grief and loss, family and domestic violence, various forms of trauma, depression, anxiety, parent-teen conflict and migration enables me to empathise with my clients, making them feel heard and understood.
I am an experienced, registered counsellor with more than 18 years of experience working with individuals, children, couples and families from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. I have worked alongside these clients to bring about healing in the relationship they have with themselves and others. My training and experience in various issues such as family and relationship dynamics, interpersonal issues, grief and loss, family and domestic violence, various forms of trauma, depression, anxiety, parent-teen conflict and migration enables me to empathise with my clients, making them feel heard and understood.
(08) 6493 7805 View (08) 6493 7805
Photo of Deepa Venugopal, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Deepa Venugopal
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
Willetton, WA 6155
If you feel lonely and overwhelmed with issues both personal or professional, and you need to talk to someone who can listen to you non judgementally, then reach out to me! My professional qualifications,counselling skills and life experiences in varied issues can help you to navigate through different perspectives.
If you feel lonely and overwhelmed with issues both personal or professional, and you need to talk to someone who can listen to you non judgementally, then reach out to me! My professional qualifications,counselling skills and life experiences in varied issues can help you to navigate through different perspectives.
(08) 6171 2869 View (08) 6171 2869
Photo of Owen Robinson, MA, AMHSW, Counsellor
Owen Robinson
Counsellor, MA, AMHSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Complex trauma at any age can make understanding ourselves, our reactions, painful emotions, and relationships mystifying. I'm registered with Blue Knot Foundation as a trauma informed therapist. If you have anxiety or depression symptoms, anger or hurt, I have been working beside people who want to manage and reduce these issues since the 20th century. I'll do my best to give you tools to use right from your first visit. If you are in a remote area I can provide sessions via Signal/Skype/Zoom. I know a lot about family and domestic violence and how people can come back from what happened to them or even what they did to others.
Complex trauma at any age can make understanding ourselves, our reactions, painful emotions, and relationships mystifying. I'm registered with Blue Knot Foundation as a trauma informed therapist. If you have anxiety or depression symptoms, anger or hurt, I have been working beside people who want to manage and reduce these issues since the 20th century. I'll do my best to give you tools to use right from your first visit. If you are in a remote area I can provide sessions via Signal/Skype/Zoom. I know a lot about family and domestic violence and how people can come back from what happened to them or even what they did to others.
(08) 7078 7553 View (08) 7078 7553
Photo of Poh Gan, MPsych, PsyBA - Ed. Psych., Psychologist
Poh Gan
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Not accepting new clients
Blossom Care Psychology understands that every individual and family has different unique challenges; yet we are all the same in the face of common human suffering such as sadness, worry, anger, developmental challenges, illnesses, death and dying, grief, and loss. In the face of all these challenges in life, Blossom Care Psychology hopes to work alongside with you with compassion and loving kindness to find ways that work for you so that you can continue to thrive and flourish.
Blossom Care Psychology understands that every individual and family has different unique challenges; yet we are all the same in the face of common human suffering such as sadness, worry, anger, developmental challenges, illnesses, death and dying, grief, and loss. In the face of all these challenges in life, Blossom Care Psychology hopes to work alongside with you with compassion and loving kindness to find ways that work for you so that you can continue to thrive and flourish.
(08) 6120 1806 View (08) 6120 1806
Photo of Dawn Teoh - In-Vision Counselling Services, ACA-L2, Counsellor
In-Vision Counselling Services
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Dawn is a member of ACA. Dawn believes in the holistic healing process for her clients. She is passionate in assisting her clients to achieve their goals by assisting and guiding them in realising their full potential. Dawn focuses in helping her clients and believes it is important to walk the journey with her clients until they are ready to take their own steps. She works with clients with anger issues, anxiety, stress or any other issues that might be detrimental to their mental health being. She believes that to help her clients, she needs to incorporate every aspect of the clients life to fully understand and help them.
Dawn is a member of ACA. Dawn believes in the holistic healing process for her clients. She is passionate in assisting her clients to achieve their goals by assisting and guiding them in realising their full potential. Dawn focuses in helping her clients and believes it is important to walk the journey with her clients until they are ready to take their own steps. She works with clients with anger issues, anxiety, stress or any other issues that might be detrimental to their mental health being. She believes that to help her clients, she needs to incorporate every aspect of the clients life to fully understand and help them.
(08) 6109 8092 View (08) 6109 8092
Photo of Amber Zahra, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Amber Zahra
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Welcome and congratulations, you have taken the first step towards a better mental well-being. It is not easy to choose the right counsellor, with whom you are comfortable to share your life's significant events, I acknowledge. I am Amber, a registered counsellor with the Australian Counsellor's Association. I believe in respect, positive regard and genuine care for my clients privacy and confidentiality in Counselling. My ARHG provider number is: AC20476T
Welcome and congratulations, you have taken the first step towards a better mental well-being. It is not easy to choose the right counsellor, with whom you are comfortable to share your life's significant events, I acknowledge. I am Amber, a registered counsellor with the Australian Counsellor's Association. I believe in respect, positive regard and genuine care for my clients privacy and confidentiality in Counselling. My ARHG provider number is: AC20476T
(08) 6493 7200 View (08) 6493 7200
Photo of Jessica Bell, MPsych, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Jessica Bell
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
As an endorsed counselling psychologist, I am trained in a number of therapies that allow me to effectively tailor treatment to the specific needs of my clients. I offer an affirming approach and am dedicated to supporting clients make long-lasting and meaningful change that feels worth the investment.
As an endorsed counselling psychologist, I am trained in a number of therapies that allow me to effectively tailor treatment to the specific needs of my clients. I offer an affirming approach and am dedicated to supporting clients make long-lasting and meaningful change that feels worth the investment.
0401 900 059 View 0401 900 059
Photo of Kym Murray, ACA-L3, Counsellor
Kym Murray
Counsellor, ACA-L3
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Are you struggling right now? Do you feel overwhelmed or alone? Is it challenging to get through the day, interact with others, manage circumstances, or heal from past trauma? Whether your concerns are significant life events, relationship conflicts, troubles with coping, poor mental health or barriers to self-development, I may be able to help. Engaging in counselling/psychotherapy means having support while working towards insight and healing, enhancing relationships, or developing healthier coping strategies and ways of thinking that can lead to improved wellbeing and quality of life.
Are you struggling right now? Do you feel overwhelmed or alone? Is it challenging to get through the day, interact with others, manage circumstances, or heal from past trauma? Whether your concerns are significant life events, relationship conflicts, troubles with coping, poor mental health or barriers to self-development, I may be able to help. Engaging in counselling/psychotherapy means having support while working towards insight and healing, enhancing relationships, or developing healthier coping strategies and ways of thinking that can lead to improved wellbeing and quality of life.
0407 123 458 View 0407 123 458
Photo of Derek Cohen, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed, Psychologist
Derek Cohen
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA Endorsed
Verified Verified
Willetton, WA 6155
Derek Cohen has been working with children, adults and families for over 40 years. He has worked intensively with ADHD and ASD children, adults and their families for over 30 years. He combines in assessment and treatment a background in neurodevelopmental-emotional interactions, family-, psychodynamic and behavioural therapies to create individualised programs which are aimed at improving emotional wellbeing and increasing skills. Derek is widely known in the West Australian health community for his depth of knowledge, innovative and creative spirit, and warm manner. Please see his website: www.theclinicalpsychologist.com.au
Derek Cohen has been working with children, adults and families for over 40 years. He has worked intensively with ADHD and ASD children, adults and their families for over 30 years. He combines in assessment and treatment a background in neurodevelopmental-emotional interactions, family-, psychodynamic and behavioural therapies to create individualised programs which are aimed at improving emotional wellbeing and increasing skills. Derek is widely known in the West Australian health community for his depth of knowledge, innovative and creative spirit, and warm manner. Please see his website: www.theclinicalpsychologist.com.au
(08) 9025 3272 View (08) 9025 3272
Photo of Cher Gomes - Dragonfly Psychology Perth, PsychD, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Dragonfly Psychology Perth
Psychologist, PsychD, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
I work with individuals and couples across the lifespan, including adolescents and adults, as well as people from diverse cultural backgrounds. I aim to provide a warm, empathetic, non-judgemental and safe therapeutic space for people to explore their personal challenges and concerns and am committed to working collaboratively with them on their journey toward growth and transformation.
I work with individuals and couples across the lifespan, including adolescents and adults, as well as people from diverse cultural backgrounds. I aim to provide a warm, empathetic, non-judgemental and safe therapeutic space for people to explore their personal challenges and concerns and am committed to working collaboratively with them on their journey toward growth and transformation.
(08) 6147 0501 View (08) 6147 0501
Photo of Maria Katerina Sleight - Best Life Therapy & Mediation, MA, PACFA, Psychotherapist
Best Life Therapy & Mediation
Psychotherapist, MA, PACFA
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
People can experience things in different ways. You might relate to some of these issues such as anxiety, PTSD, OCD or panic attacks. You may also relate to issues associated with family conflict, things like family separation which may include feelings of guilt, grief & loss, sadness, and fear, just to name a few. I truly believe that there is no ‘one fits all’ when it comes to therapy. My approach and style is working within a person-centred framework and I strongly value the importance of having a trusting relationship between therapist and client.
People can experience things in different ways. You might relate to some of these issues such as anxiety, PTSD, OCD or panic attacks. You may also relate to issues associated with family conflict, things like family separation which may include feelings of guilt, grief & loss, sadness, and fear, just to name a few. I truly believe that there is no ‘one fits all’ when it comes to therapy. My approach and style is working within a person-centred framework and I strongly value the importance of having a trusting relationship between therapist and client.
(08) 9468 7141 View (08) 9468 7141
Photo of Deborah Woon, MC, PACFA, Counsellor
Deborah Woon
Counsellor, MC, PACFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Hello, my name is Deb. I am a Registered Clinical Supervisor & Registered Clinical Counsellor and Psychotherapist (PACFA and ACA Level 4). My areas of special interest include Trauma and PTSD (developmental and incidental); attachment styles, anxiety and emotional regulation, coping skills, addictions, life transitions, grief and loss, single parenting, separation, or divorce. I am passionate about mental health recovery and take pride in my clients' success in processing present and past traumas and other presenting difficulties.
Hello, my name is Deb. I am a Registered Clinical Supervisor & Registered Clinical Counsellor and Psychotherapist (PACFA and ACA Level 4). My areas of special interest include Trauma and PTSD (developmental and incidental); attachment styles, anxiety and emotional regulation, coping skills, addictions, life transitions, grief and loss, single parenting, separation, or divorce. I am passionate about mental health recovery and take pride in my clients' success in processing present and past traumas and other presenting difficulties.
0432 596 395 View 0432 596 395
Photo of Cathy Kunzel - First Step Counselling, ACA-L2, Counsellor
First Step Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
I find the majority of my clients are looking for someone to listen to them, they want to be heard. I am hearing more and more that "I feel invisible". They want to feel that they are important and that people care.
I find the majority of my clients are looking for someone to listen to them, they want to be heard. I am hearing more and more that "I feel invisible". They want to feel that they are important and that people care.
(08) 6109 8115 View (08) 6109 8115
Photo of Heather Lilley - Argrove Counselling, AMHSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Argrove Counselling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AMHSW
Verified Verified
Willetton, WA 6155
Argrove Counselling offers evidenced based psychological counselling to help adolescents and adults improve their mental health, develop healthy ways of managing and responding to life's challenges. We use a range of evidenced based therapy approaches such as Schema Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness based strategies.
Argrove Counselling offers evidenced based psychological counselling to help adolescents and adults improve their mental health, develop healthy ways of managing and responding to life's challenges. We use a range of evidenced based therapy approaches such as Schema Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), Acceptance Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness based strategies.
(08) 6120 1789 View (08) 6120 1789
Photo of Choy Lee, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Choy Lee
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
My specialty is in Couple and Family Relationship where I explore the relationship dynamics and individual make-up. I also have great interest in Young Adult Self-Discovery. Individuals or couples who are experiencing conflict, feeling lost, fearful, angry, confuse, guilty, unworthy and/or frustration within themselves or towards others are often symptoms. I offer individuals and couples/family a safe space to identify their pain, explore options to restore brokenness, attempt forgiveness & acceptance; initiate rebuilding a happy, stable and healthy relationships in the new season of their life. All at their own pace.
My specialty is in Couple and Family Relationship where I explore the relationship dynamics and individual make-up. I also have great interest in Young Adult Self-Discovery. Individuals or couples who are experiencing conflict, feeling lost, fearful, angry, confuse, guilty, unworthy and/or frustration within themselves or towards others are often symptoms. I offer individuals and couples/family a safe space to identify their pain, explore options to restore brokenness, attempt forgiveness & acceptance; initiate rebuilding a happy, stable and healthy relationships in the new season of their life. All at their own pace.
(08) 6361 2944 View (08) 6361 2944
Photo of Michelle Capsanis, Assoc MAPS, Psychologist
Michelle Capsanis
Psychologist, Assoc MAPS
Verified Verified
Willetton, WA 6155
Michelle Capsanis has been working with children and families for over 20 years. Michelle commenced her career as an educational psychologist working with school age children and later transitioned into private practice where she has built a reputation for positive outcomes, particularly with children, teenagers and women. Michelle is known for her warm, empathetic style and personable manner.
Michelle Capsanis has been working with children and families for over 20 years. Michelle commenced her career as an educational psychologist working with school age children and later transitioned into private practice where she has built a reputation for positive outcomes, particularly with children, teenagers and women. Michelle is known for her warm, empathetic style and personable manner.
(08) 7078 8265 View (08) 7078 8265
Photo of Colin Longworth, PsyBA General, Psychologist
Colin Longworth
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Verified Verified
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Hi, I’m Colin Longworth, a Psychologist with weekday, evening and Saturday morning consultations, for a range of presenting issues. I'm registered for Medicare, Telehealth and NDIS. I’ve been a registered Psychologist since 2008. You can book online 24/7. (I've also been a volunteer phone counselor since 1981.) I studied Psychology in my later years. (My first 2 jobs were Blue-Collar.) As such I have a combination of over a half century of life experience along with my Psychology training and ongoing professional development, to my role as Psychologist, Coach, Counselor and or Clinical Hypnotherapist (whichever is applicable).
Hi, I’m Colin Longworth, a Psychologist with weekday, evening and Saturday morning consultations, for a range of presenting issues. I'm registered for Medicare, Telehealth and NDIS. I’ve been a registered Psychologist since 2008. You can book online 24/7. (I've also been a volunteer phone counselor since 1981.) I studied Psychology in my later years. (My first 2 jobs were Blue-Collar.) As such I have a combination of over a half century of life experience along with my Psychology training and ongoing professional development, to my role as Psychologist, Coach, Counselor and or Clinical Hypnotherapist (whichever is applicable).
(08) 7078 8291 View (08) 7078 8291
Photo of Richard Norman - Norman Counselling, ACA-L2, Counsellor
Norman Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L2
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Doing life can be hard and sometimes overwhelms us. Loss of control and enjoyment of life can bring trauma and challenges. I believe everyone can regain hope and restoration to live a fulfilling life. My life experiences include secondary-school teaching; as a husband and dad in raising a now-adult family; pastoral care; Christian counselling; and alcohol and drug counselling.
Doing life can be hard and sometimes overwhelms us. Loss of control and enjoyment of life can bring trauma and challenges. I believe everyone can regain hope and restoration to live a fulfilling life. My life experiences include secondary-school teaching; as a husband and dad in raising a now-adult family; pastoral care; Christian counselling; and alcohol and drug counselling.
(08) 6171 3865 View (08) 6171 3865
Photo of Helen (Hoi Yuk) Wong, MSc, AASW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Helen (Hoi Yuk) Wong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSc, AASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Canning Vale, WA 6155
Helen Wong is a member of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) and Australian Counsellors Association(ACA) with experience working in psychiatric hospital, residential training centre, schools and various not-for-profit organisations both overseas and in Australia. Helen completed her undergraduate degree in Social Work(Hons) in 2005 and a Master's degree of Social Sciences in Family Counselling in 2009. Helen also attained Australian based therapeutic qualifications through various mental health academies. Helen's areas of interest include student counselling, child development, disabilities and mental illness.
Helen Wong is a member of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) and Australian Counsellors Association(ACA) with experience working in psychiatric hospital, residential training centre, schools and various not-for-profit organisations both overseas and in Australia. Helen completed her undergraduate degree in Social Work(Hons) in 2005 and a Master's degree of Social Sciences in Family Counselling in 2009. Helen also attained Australian based therapeutic qualifications through various mental health academies. Helen's areas of interest include student counselling, child development, disabilities and mental illness.
(08) 7701 9650 View (08) 7701 9650
1

See more therapy options for 6155

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in 6155

40+

Average cost per session

$150

Counsellors in 6155 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
77% Stress
72% Trauma and PTSD
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Bupa
61% Medicare Rebates
61% Medibank Private

How Counsellors in 6155 see their clients

96% In Person and Online
4% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 6155?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.