Counselling in 2508

Photo of Olga Turitsyna, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Olga Turitsyna
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Stanwell Park, NSW 2508
I work with individuals across the lifespan, supporting children and their families, youth and adults navigating a variety of concerns. I deeply believe everyone is deserving of a space where they can feel seen, heard and connected. I am interested in how people's backgrounds and histories, the environments and relationships we experience can shape who we are in the present moment, how we understand ourselves, and how we move through the world.
I work with individuals across the lifespan, supporting children and their families, youth and adults navigating a variety of concerns. I deeply believe everyone is deserving of a space where they can feel seen, heard and connected. I am interested in how people's backgrounds and histories, the environments and relationships we experience can shape who we are in the present moment, how we understand ourselves, and how we move through the world.
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Photo of Danielle Beazley - Focused Foundations
Focused Foundations
Verified Verified
Helensburgh, NSW 2508
We aim to help people at all stages of their ADHD journey and those who care for them. We think there is tremendous power in understanding yourself and your loved ones. We want people to learn to leverage the advantages of ADHD and put strategies in place for the rest. Knowledge is power.
We aim to help people at all stages of their ADHD journey and those who care for them. We think there is tremendous power in understanding yourself and your loved ones. We want people to learn to leverage the advantages of ADHD and put strategies in place for the rest. Knowledge is power.
(02) 4214 8804 View (02) 4214 8804
Photo of Ashleigh Rowe, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Ashleigh Rowe
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist providing therapy to adolescents (15+) and adults in Wollongong or online Australia-wide.
I am a Clinical Psychologist providing therapy to adolescents (15+) and adults in Wollongong or online Australia-wide.
(02) 4210 5682 View (02) 4210 5682
Photo of Sara Oldfield, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Sara Oldfield
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Medicare, WorkCover and NDIS support! Sara is a compassionate Clinical Psychologist with more than 15 years of experience. Committed to providing high-quality care, backed by evidence based treatment and up to date research. Sara adopts a client-centered approach, tailoring treatment to individual's needs and goals. Her practice is informed by evidence-based methods, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Medicare, WorkCover and NDIS support! Sara is a compassionate Clinical Psychologist with more than 15 years of experience. Committed to providing high-quality care, backed by evidence based treatment and up to date research. Sara adopts a client-centered approach, tailoring treatment to individual's needs and goals. Her practice is informed by evidence-based methods, including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
(02) 4214 4479 View (02) 4214 4479
Photo of Rannveig Kocyan - Rani Individual and Couples Counselling, Counsellor, ACA-L4
Rani Individual and Couples Counselling
Counsellor, ACA-L4
Serves Area
Rani is a registered counsellor and family therapist with over a decade of experience helping couples, individuals and adolescents. She works with communication, conflict, intimacy, disconnection, betrayal, affairs, forgiveness, boundaries, self-expression, and emotional regulation. Using a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, Rani creates a safe and collaborative space where clients can explore emotions, rebuild trust, repair relationship ruptures, and strengthen connection with themselves and each other. Without taking sides she supports healthier relationships through evidence-based, trauma-informed, and relational approaches.
Rani is a registered counsellor and family therapist with over a decade of experience helping couples, individuals and adolescents. She works with communication, conflict, intimacy, disconnection, betrayal, affairs, forgiveness, boundaries, self-expression, and emotional regulation. Using a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, Rani creates a safe and collaborative space where clients can explore emotions, rebuild trust, repair relationship ruptures, and strengthen connection with themselves and each other. Without taking sides she supports healthier relationships through evidence-based, trauma-informed, and relational approaches.
(02) 4210 5200 View (02) 4210 5200
Photo of Joel Hoffman, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Joel Hoffman
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Joel is a clinical psychologist, based in Thirroul (Illawarra). He believes all of us need help in our mental health journey from time to time. Joel aims to provide a space that is non-judgemental, open and understanding for you to talk about and work through the issues that are important to you. As a clinical psychologist, Joel is trained in assisting with a wide range of mental health difficulties, including trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, stress, drug and alcohol issues and more. He also draws on his extensive research experience in developing trauma-focused therapies for refugee communities and in treating moral injury.
Joel is a clinical psychologist, based in Thirroul (Illawarra). He believes all of us need help in our mental health journey from time to time. Joel aims to provide a space that is non-judgemental, open and understanding for you to talk about and work through the issues that are important to you. As a clinical psychologist, Joel is trained in assisting with a wide range of mental health difficulties, including trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, stress, drug and alcohol issues and more. He also draws on his extensive research experience in developing trauma-focused therapies for refugee communities and in treating moral injury.
(02) 4214 4735 View (02) 4214 4735
Photo of Sheree Blanch, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Sheree Blanch
Psychologist, PsyBA General
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have several years’ experience in supporting adolescents, adults and parents using a collaborative treatment approach. Depending on your needs and preferences my therapeutic approach draws on several evidence-based models including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Interpersonal Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and motivational interviewing.
I have several years’ experience in supporting adolescents, adults and parents using a collaborative treatment approach. Depending on your needs and preferences my therapeutic approach draws on several evidence-based models including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Interpersonal Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) and motivational interviewing.
(02) 4210 5805 View (02) 4210 5805
Photo of Marcus Wicken, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Marcus Wicken
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with experience working with people from many walks of life. I grew up locally, and worked in various fields at home and abroad before being inspired to pursue Clinical Psychology training while working with mental health professionals on a human rights consultancy in Indonesia. Since then, I have worked in public health/hospital and private settings, treating issues as diverse as depression and motivational issues, anxiety in its many forms, substance and behavioural addictions, grief and trauma, chronic disease adjustment, and palliative care.
I’m a Clinical Psychologist with experience working with people from many walks of life. I grew up locally, and worked in various fields at home and abroad before being inspired to pursue Clinical Psychology training while working with mental health professionals on a human rights consultancy in Indonesia. Since then, I have worked in public health/hospital and private settings, treating issues as diverse as depression and motivational issues, anxiety in its many forms, substance and behavioural addictions, grief and trauma, chronic disease adjustment, and palliative care.
(02) 4214 8830 View (02) 4214 8830
Photo of Luke Lachlan Terrence Fullagar - Place Psychology, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Place Psychology
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
Hi, I'm Luke. I work with adults & late teens to recover from their symptoms & build a life full of meaning, safety, purpose & happiness. I work with a client-focussed & trauma-informed approach that seeks to affirm your inherent strengths & values, & considers you as the authority on your own life. I’m committed to psychological safety & work to maintain an inclusive environment for all identities & cultures. I affirm & validate the unique experiences that every person brings to their therapy & try to build a container of respect & dignity which is a dependable place for healing. I commit to your care for as long at it takes.
(02) 4210 5206 View (02) 4210 5206
Photo of Jonathan Fowles, Psychologist, PsyBA General
Jonathan Fowles
Psychologist, PsyBA General
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Jono. I provide psychological support and intervention to adults and young people aged 16+ who are looking for support to reduce their distress, and improve their mental health and overall well-being. I acknowledge that everyone’s experiences are unique, and collaboration and feedback are vital in a therapuetic relationship. I focus on providing a caring, safe, and non-judgemental space to anyone seeking support, and ensure empathy, curiosity, and transparency are the foundation of my support.
Hi, I'm Jono. I provide psychological support and intervention to adults and young people aged 16+ who are looking for support to reduce their distress, and improve their mental health and overall well-being. I acknowledge that everyone’s experiences are unique, and collaboration and feedback are vital in a therapuetic relationship. I focus on providing a caring, safe, and non-judgemental space to anyone seeking support, and ensure empathy, curiosity, and transparency are the foundation of my support.
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Photo of Alana Garton, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Alana Garton
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
When relationships feel strained or your child is struggling, it can be hard to know where to begin. You may feel stuck in the same arguments, distant from your partner, or unsure how to best support your child’s emotional or behavioural needs. Seeking therapy can feel vulnerable — but it can also be the beginning of meaningful change. I am a Clinical Psychologist working with couples, children, adolescents and families. My approach is evidence-based, trauma-informed and grounded in attachment science.
When relationships feel strained or your child is struggling, it can be hard to know where to begin. You may feel stuck in the same arguments, distant from your partner, or unsure how to best support your child’s emotional or behavioural needs. Seeking therapy can feel vulnerable — but it can also be the beginning of meaningful change. I am a Clinical Psychologist working with couples, children, adolescents and families. My approach is evidence-based, trauma-informed and grounded in attachment science.
(02) 4214 8897 View (02) 4214 8897
Photo of Stacey Wales - Everything in Between Counselling - Wollongong, Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
Everything in Between Counselling - Wollongong
Counsellor, MA, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Stacey and I'm an ACA registered counsellor based Wollongong. I have immediate availability in person and online. As a counsellor I am approachable, down to earth and able to walk with you through life's transitions and challenges
Hi, I'm Stacey and I'm an ACA registered counsellor based Wollongong. I have immediate availability in person and online. As a counsellor I am approachable, down to earth and able to walk with you through life's transitions and challenges
(02) 4214 8199 View (02) 4214 8199
Lucy Patarcic - Sex Therapist & Hypnotherapist
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am an experienced and highly qualified Sex Therapist, Sexologist, Relationship Counsellor, General Counsellor, Sex Educator and Clinical Hypnotherapist in private practice at Bondi Junction and Wollongong (Fairy Meadow). I am passionate about helping people and find it extremely rewarding to see progress and positive changes that evolve in people’s lives. I use an integrated approach to therapy in a friendly, safe, professional & confidential environment. Expertise with Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation, Vaginismus, Painful Sex, Desire Discrepancy, Porn Addiction, Sex Addiction, Couples Counselling, General Counselling.
I am an experienced and highly qualified Sex Therapist, Sexologist, Relationship Counsellor, General Counsellor, Sex Educator and Clinical Hypnotherapist in private practice at Bondi Junction and Wollongong (Fairy Meadow). I am passionate about helping people and find it extremely rewarding to see progress and positive changes that evolve in people’s lives. I use an integrated approach to therapy in a friendly, safe, professional & confidential environment. Expertise with Erectile Dysfunction, Premature Ejaculation, Vaginismus, Painful Sex, Desire Discrepancy, Porn Addiction, Sex Addiction, Couples Counselling, General Counselling.
(02) 4214 8422 View (02) 4214 8422
Photo of Connie Joanne Easterbrook - Connie Easterbrook Counselling Services, Counsellor, PACFA
Connie Easterbrook Counselling Services
Counsellor, PACFA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you experiencing relationship struggles or marriage breakdown. Wanting to refresh, renew or repair your relationship with your partner or family member. Or feeling crushed by grief and sadness. Anxious. Depressed. Stressed. Overwhelmed. Discouraged. Low self-esteem. If you are looking for compassionate care, support, hope for the future and a transformed emotional life - then I may be able to help. I am a warm, relational counsellor who offers experience, wisdom and compassion. I can provide practical skills and strategies to assist alongside empowering you to find your own unique way forward.
Are you experiencing relationship struggles or marriage breakdown. Wanting to refresh, renew or repair your relationship with your partner or family member. Or feeling crushed by grief and sadness. Anxious. Depressed. Stressed. Overwhelmed. Discouraged. Low self-esteem. If you are looking for compassionate care, support, hope for the future and a transformed emotional life - then I may be able to help. I am a warm, relational counsellor who offers experience, wisdom and compassion. I can provide practical skills and strategies to assist alongside empowering you to find your own unique way forward.
(02) 7501 0787 View (02) 7501 0787
Photo of Holly Read - Holly Read - HR Counselling, Counsellor, AMHSW
Holly Read - HR Counselling
Counsellor, AMHSW
Serves Area
I am an Accredited Mental Health SW with over two decades of Counselling and Psychotherapy experience, I provide compassionate, client-centered counselling tailored to each individual's unique needs. My approach is trauma-informed, grounded in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques to support personal growth, resilience, and well-being.
I am an Accredited Mental Health SW with over two decades of Counselling and Psychotherapy experience, I provide compassionate, client-centered counselling tailored to each individual's unique needs. My approach is trauma-informed, grounded in empathy, active listening, and evidence-based techniques to support personal growth, resilience, and well-being.
(02) 4210 5768 View (02) 4210 5768
Photo of Bianca Nagle, Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
Bianca Nagle
Psychologist, MPsych, PsyBA General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi! I’m Bianca, a Clinical Psychologist Registrar. I work with people who are seeking a safe and supportive space to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. I enjoy supporting clients who want to understand patterns in their lives, navigate challenges more effectively, and foster personal growth. Together, we focus on building self-awareness, resilience, and practical tools to support your goals.
Hi! I’m Bianca, a Clinical Psychologist Registrar. I work with people who are seeking a safe and supportive space to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. I enjoy supporting clients who want to understand patterns in their lives, navigate challenges more effectively, and foster personal growth. Together, we focus on building self-awareness, resilience, and practical tools to support your goals.
(02) 8105 6096 View (02) 8105 6096
Photo of Claire Foote - Wellness 'N' Nature, Counsellor, PACFA
Wellness 'N' Nature
Counsellor, PACFA
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
If you prefer to be outside, to have the freedom to move while exploring your emotions and concerns, I am your Gal. You are determined to have more compassion for yourself, and to use this as a springboard for self empowerment and healing. You want understanding of yourself, and tools for the alleviation of anxiety, sadness, heaviness, 'Stuckness', relationship concerns, and general emotional discomfort. I also have a room on Mondays in Wollongong, and offer Online therapy for those uncomfortable with being in the Outdoor Space, where we can still bring in Nature and Movement.
If you prefer to be outside, to have the freedom to move while exploring your emotions and concerns, I am your Gal. You are determined to have more compassion for yourself, and to use this as a springboard for self empowerment and healing. You want understanding of yourself, and tools for the alleviation of anxiety, sadness, heaviness, 'Stuckness', relationship concerns, and general emotional discomfort. I also have a room on Mondays in Wollongong, and offer Online therapy for those uncomfortable with being in the Outdoor Space, where we can still bring in Nature and Movement.
(02) 4214 4850 View (02) 4214 4850
Photo of Jade Fisher, Psychotherapist, PACFA
Jade Fisher
Psychotherapist, PACFA
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, I'm Jade. I offer holistic psychotherapy for women, grounded in Process-Oriented Psychology and Person-Centred Counselling. I work with the whole person — mind, body, and soul. Instead of trying to fix problems, we explore symptoms, disruptions and life challenges as meaningful messengers guiding you toward deeper self-understanding and wholeness. My approach is warm, humorous and trauma-sensitive — non-directive, non-pathologising, and guided by gentle curiosity. All sessions are held online, which means wherever you are, there's no waitlist and no referral needed to begin.
Hi, I'm Jade. I offer holistic psychotherapy for women, grounded in Process-Oriented Psychology and Person-Centred Counselling. I work with the whole person — mind, body, and soul. Instead of trying to fix problems, we explore symptoms, disruptions and life challenges as meaningful messengers guiding you toward deeper self-understanding and wholeness. My approach is warm, humorous and trauma-sensitive — non-directive, non-pathologising, and guided by gentle curiosity. All sessions are held online, which means wherever you are, there's no waitlist and no referral needed to begin.
(02) 4210 5246 View (02) 4210 5246
Photo of Dr Sophie Russell, Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Dr Sophie Russell
Psychologist, PhD, PsyBA - Clin. Psych
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I'm Sophie, I aim to offer a warm and supportive therapeutic space. I am a clinically trained psychologist with 8 years of therapy experience, and a Masters+PhD in Clinical Psychology. I hope to create a welcoming therapy space, to work with whatever difficulties you are experiencing. I have a special interest in working with people experiencing anxiety and distress related to past trauma/difficult experiences. I also find psychotherapy for self/identity exploration and diverse genders and sexuality (LGBTQI+) really rewarding.
Hi, I'm Sophie, I aim to offer a warm and supportive therapeutic space. I am a clinically trained psychologist with 8 years of therapy experience, and a Masters+PhD in Clinical Psychology. I hope to create a welcoming therapy space, to work with whatever difficulties you are experiencing. I have a special interest in working with people experiencing anxiety and distress related to past trauma/difficult experiences. I also find psychotherapy for self/identity exploration and diverse genders and sexuality (LGBTQI+) really rewarding.
(02) 4210 5803 View (02) 4210 5803
Photo of Gary Bunker, Counsellor, ACA-L2
Gary Bunker
Counsellor, ACA-L2
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Put simply, I help men who feel stuck, unheard, hopeless or lost. I help men who are looking for a way to feel better, faster. That’s what counselling does. Life throws a lot at us: change, loss, grief, pressure, stress. We often work our whole lives, only to feel it all falling apart. Sometimes that presents itself as anxiety, the black cloud of depression, or coping mechanisms that can lead to addiction. We try to find ways to reduce the pain; but it just gets worse. It can feel hopeless. But there is hope; counselling can make you feel better, within weeks or even sometimes days - not years.
Put simply, I help men who feel stuck, unheard, hopeless or lost. I help men who are looking for a way to feel better, faster. That’s what counselling does. Life throws a lot at us: change, loss, grief, pressure, stress. We often work our whole lives, only to feel it all falling apart. Sometimes that presents itself as anxiety, the black cloud of depression, or coping mechanisms that can lead to addiction. We try to find ways to reduce the pain; but it just gets worse. It can feel hopeless. But there is hope; counselling can make you feel better, within weeks or even sometimes days - not years.
(02) 4210 5562 View (02) 4210 5562

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 2508

20+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in 2508 who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
80% Depression
80% Stress
75% Self Esteem
65% Relationship Issues
60% Trauma and PTSD
60% Neurodivergence

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Medicare Rebates
33% Bupa
33% Medibank Private

How Therapists in 2508 see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in 2508?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, suburb, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the Australian Counselling Association and the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia. Psychologists must be registered in the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Most Social Workers listed in the directory are members of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for social workers, psychotherapists and counsellors in Australia, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in Australia.

Psychologists have earned a 4 year undergraduate degree in psychology and have completed a postgraduate internship or postgraduate degree. Psychotherapists generally have an undergraduate degree in a health related field in addition to 3-4 years of specialist training in psychotherapy and a period of personal psychotherapy. In order to belong to a professional organisation such as the ACA or PACFA, counsellors and psychotherapists are required to have completed a certain level of AQF qualifications and/ or an approved training course as well as clinical and supervision hours. Social Workers registered with the AASW are required to have a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in Social Work from an accredited institution.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in Australia could be between $100 and $250. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The Better Access Scheme is a government program offering Medicare rebates for mental health care. To access the program you will need to be assessed and diagnosed by your GP and get a Mental Health Plan. This will allow you to receive up to 10 individual sessions and 10 group sessions a year with practitioners who accept bulk billing, with no out of pocket costs for you.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the ACA, PACFA, or the APS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client or others or when a minor is in danger, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.