Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists in Pelham, NY

Photo of Christine Peters, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
View
Photo of Samuel Parton, LMSW
Samuel Parton
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Sam specializes in CBT and DBT – two of the most effective evidence-based therapeutic modalities – to help clients of all ages change unhelpful thought processes, face their fears, learn better emotional regulation, and build interpersonal skills. Sam’s solution-focused, client-centric treatment helps clients define their goals and allows them to leverage their own strengths and support systems to achieve them. Clients praise his warm demeanor, which makes them feel heard and valued during sessions, and leave treatment with newfound confidence and the tools to navigate life's challenges successfully and lead more fulfilling lives.
Sam specializes in CBT and DBT – two of the most effective evidence-based therapeutic modalities – to help clients of all ages change unhelpful thought processes, face their fears, learn better emotional regulation, and build interpersonal skills. Sam’s solution-focused, client-centric treatment helps clients define their goals and allows them to leverage their own strengths and support systems to achieve them. Clients praise his warm demeanor, which makes them feel heard and valued during sessions, and leave treatment with newfound confidence and the tools to navigate life's challenges successfully and lead more fulfilling lives.
View
Photo of Lisa Feldman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Feldman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803
I am trained in the following evidence-based therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions).
When one member of a family struggles with anxiety, depression, or emotion dysregulation, it can have a significant impact on the entire family system. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I consider both the individual and relational aspects of these problems. I offer individual therapy, including tailored exposure therapy, to help clients learn new ways of responding to their anxiety and related problems, as well as couple therapy, family therapy, and parenting support to address the relational difficulties that often accompany these challenges and other life stressors.
I am trained in the following evidence-based therapies: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions).
When one member of a family struggles with anxiety, depression, or emotion dysregulation, it can have a significant impact on the entire family system. As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I consider both the individual and relational aspects of these problems. I offer individual therapy, including tailored exposure therapy, to help clients learn new ways of responding to their anxiety and related problems, as well as couple therapy, family therapy, and parenting support to address the relational difficulties that often accompany these challenges and other life stressors.
(914) 219-6925 View (914) 219-6925
Photo of Vicki Ehrlich, PhD, Psychologist
Vicki Ehrlich
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
I am also trained in CBT and DBT and completed specialized postdoctoral training in Child and Adolescent, Adult and Couples Therapy and Eating disorders.
Are you anxious or depressed? Overwhelmed at home, at work or school? Conflicted or stressed about a major life change? Are you entangled in a recurring conflict with your partner, child, family member or co-worker? Are you struggling with dating and sustaining positive relationships? I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with 20 years of experience helping adults, couples, and teens develop greater confidence in themselves, security in their relationships and enhanced control over their lives. I work in an active and supportive manner and am continually inspired by seeing the dramatic changes people can make in their lives.
I am also trained in CBT and DBT and completed specialized postdoctoral training in Child and Adolescent, Adult and Couples Therapy and Eating disorders.
Are you anxious or depressed? Overwhelmed at home, at work or school? Conflicted or stressed about a major life change? Are you entangled in a recurring conflict with your partner, child, family member or co-worker? Are you struggling with dating and sustaining positive relationships? I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with 20 years of experience helping adults, couples, and teens develop greater confidence in themselves, security in their relationships and enhanced control over their lives. I work in an active and supportive manner and am continually inspired by seeing the dramatic changes people can make in their lives.
(914) 833-3875 View (914) 833-3875
Photo of Katie Sawyer, PhD, Psychologist
Katie Sawyer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in adolescents, adults, and couples in southern Westchester. I work with each client and/or couple to develop healthy goals to support positive change, and to find new and more effective ways of looking at themselves and their relationships. To reach that end, I utilize an integrated approach of insight oriented psychotherapy with evidence-based practices including mindfulness, Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT).
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in adolescents, adults, and couples in southern Westchester. I work with each client and/or couple to develop healthy goals to support positive change, and to find new and more effective ways of looking at themselves and their relationships. To reach that end, I utilize an integrated approach of insight oriented psychotherapy with evidence-based practices including mindfulness, Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT).
(914) 229-9481 View (914) 229-9481
Photo of Alison Cooper, MA, LMHC, CCTP, Counselor
Alison Cooper
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803  (Online Only)
I use an integrative approach pulling from Psychodynamic, Internal Family Systems (IFS), Compassionate Inquiry (CI), CBT, DBT, Somatic and EMDR depending on the needs of each client.
If you are struggling in your relationships, experiencing a life transition, open to uncovering the roots of your painful emotions, finding yourself in patterns that are not serving you, curious to work through trauma, and/or in need of support to cope with all that life can throw at you, I am here for you. My clients tend to be more resilient than they realize, and I am here to help you utilize that strength. Together, we can process whatever it is you are dealing with presently, or have dealt with in the past, and help you release your burdens so you can live the life you want to live.
I use an integrative approach pulling from Psychodynamic, Internal Family Systems (IFS), Compassionate Inquiry (CI), CBT, DBT, Somatic and EMDR depending on the needs of each client.
If you are struggling in your relationships, experiencing a life transition, open to uncovering the roots of your painful emotions, finding yourself in patterns that are not serving you, curious to work through trauma, and/or in need of support to cope with all that life can throw at you, I am here for you. My clients tend to be more resilient than they realize, and I am here to help you utilize that strength. Together, we can process whatever it is you are dealing with presently, or have dealt with in the past, and help you release your burdens so you can live the life you want to live.
(929) 416-2125 View (929) 416-2125
Photo of Melinda Lehman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melinda Lehman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803  (Online Only)
I have a varied approach including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and have intensive training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
You matter, and you do not need to wait to feel better. Feelings of depression and anxiety, low self-esteem, strained relationships and life’s transitions can be painful. Give yourself the gift of support and learn to manage the present as you heal from your past.
I have a varied approach including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and have intensive training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
You matter, and you do not need to wait to feel better. Feelings of depression and anxiety, low self-esteem, strained relationships and life’s transitions can be painful. Give yourself the gift of support and learn to manage the present as you heal from your past.
(914) 895-5692 View (914) 895-5692
Photo of Dr. Leslie Lange, PhD, LIc NY, Lic CA, Lic CT, Psychologist
Dr. Leslie Lange
Psychologist, PhD, LIc NY, Lic CA, Lic CT
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Do you need help taking back the life you or your family member had, before anxiety, OCD, and depression, took over? I have wisdom from over 30 years helping children and teens, college students and adults to feel and function better. Clients say I'm easy to talk to and nonjudgmental. I can teach you the proven skills to help you quickly feel better and improve daily life. Your experiences and needs are important. You have the power to change, and you can improve your mental well-being by taking one small step in the right direction. I will support you every step of the way.
Do you need help taking back the life you or your family member had, before anxiety, OCD, and depression, took over? I have wisdom from over 30 years helping children and teens, college students and adults to feel and function better. Clients say I'm easy to talk to and nonjudgmental. I can teach you the proven skills to help you quickly feel better and improve daily life. Your experiences and needs are important. You have the power to change, and you can improve your mental well-being by taking one small step in the right direction. I will support you every step of the way.
(914) 996-4676 View (914) 996-4676
Photo of Brooke Schuster Monaco, PhD, Psychologist
Brooke Schuster Monaco
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803
Do you want more out of life and you’re not sure what steps to take or where to start? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, or substance use? I work collaboratively to explore what’s most important to you and how therapy can get help you make real changes. I also work with parents and families and provide coaching around supporting family members with substance abuse, anxiety, and other issues.
Do you want more out of life and you’re not sure what steps to take or where to start? Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, or substance use? I work collaboratively to explore what’s most important to you and how therapy can get help you make real changes. I also work with parents and families and provide coaching around supporting family members with substance abuse, anxiety, and other issues.
(646) 798-4124 View (646) 798-4124
Photo of Emily Upshur, PhD, Psychologist
Emily Upshur
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in New York City and Westchester. I focus on women's health, including the transition to parenthood, as well as extensive work with children and families. I served as an Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine, Outpatient Psychiatry Multi-Cultural Coordinator and Supervising Psychologist, and Clinical Director of the Center for Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai Beth Israel. I believe in supporting every member of the family system as they navigate life stressors and adjustment issues to promote resilience in the face of adversity.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in New York City and Westchester. I focus on women's health, including the transition to parenthood, as well as extensive work with children and families. I served as an Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine, Outpatient Psychiatry Multi-Cultural Coordinator and Supervising Psychologist, and Clinical Director of the Center for Trauma and Resilience at Mount Sinai Beth Israel. I believe in supporting every member of the family system as they navigate life stressors and adjustment issues to promote resilience in the face of adversity.
(917) 809-5488 View (917) 809-5488
Photo of Mirna A Coto-Chang, MHC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mirna A Coto-Chang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MHC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803  (Online Only)
I am an empathetic, compassionate, and understanding therapist. I graduated from Columbia University School of Social Work with the goal of helping my clients feel safe and comforted while exploring their unique concerns and challenges. Seeking therapy is a challenging and scary experience, but it is also a brave decision to make; it is usually your first step to healing and getting the help you need. Let me help you, support you, and collaborate together towards your goals in a safe therapeutic space.
I am an empathetic, compassionate, and understanding therapist. I graduated from Columbia University School of Social Work with the goal of helping my clients feel safe and comforted while exploring their unique concerns and challenges. Seeking therapy is a challenging and scary experience, but it is also a brave decision to make; it is usually your first step to healing and getting the help you need. Let me help you, support you, and collaborate together towards your goals in a safe therapeutic space.
(914) 246-5078 View (914) 246-5078
Photo of Haley Kastner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Haley Kastner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
Haley provides evidence-based therapy for children, teens, and adults. She has had the opportunity to provide care in private practice, school, and medical settings. This array of experiences has fostered her ability to understand clients through a multi-disciplinary lens and draw upon a multitude of evidence-based treatments, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Behavioral Activation, Prevention-Focused Care, Crisis Intervention, Trauma-Focused CBT, and Exposure and Response Prevention. She utilizes these therapies to target anxiety, stress, depression, OCD, trauma, and executive functioning deficits.
View
Photo of Sarah Bren, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah Bren
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
My goal is to help individuals and families become more attuned with themselves and others, in the service of increasing personal and interpersonal satisfaction and getting one's needs met more effectively. Many of my clients struggle with anxiety, depression, issues in relationships, trouble working through life transitions, and difficulty feeling in control of their emotions. I also specialize in working with parents to foster healthy and respectful relationships with their children and develop effective parenting skills related to communication, boundaries, discipline, and helping their children to manage their big emotions.
My goal is to help individuals and families become more attuned with themselves and others, in the service of increasing personal and interpersonal satisfaction and getting one's needs met more effectively. Many of my clients struggle with anxiety, depression, issues in relationships, trouble working through life transitions, and difficulty feeling in control of their emotions. I also specialize in working with parents to foster healthy and respectful relationships with their children and develop effective parenting skills related to communication, boundaries, discipline, and helping their children to manage their big emotions.
(646) 362-6819 View (646) 362-6819
Photo of Moriah O'Barr, PsyD, Psychologist
Moriah O'Barr
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803  (Online Only)
I'm an online therapist in NY who specializes in treating individuals with eating disorders, body image concerns, and anxiety. Stress, pain and suffering can impact our daily lives. They are your body’s reaction to anxieties, pressures and unknowns. My job is to provide you the tools and guidance you need to reach your goals of recovery from anxiety, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, or ARFID. Therapy can provide the support you need to experience true lasting change and a better quality of life.
I'm an online therapist in NY who specializes in treating individuals with eating disorders, body image concerns, and anxiety. Stress, pain and suffering can impact our daily lives. They are your body’s reaction to anxieties, pressures and unknowns. My job is to provide you the tools and guidance you need to reach your goals of recovery from anxiety, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, or ARFID. Therapy can provide the support you need to experience true lasting change and a better quality of life.
(914) 313-8457 View (914) 313-8457
Photo of Dr. Sonia Jimenez, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Sonia Jimenez
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
I am a clinical psychologist post doctoral fellow with expertise in treating children and young adults in a variety of life difficulties, including anxiety, depression, academic and career struggles, and self-esteem issues. I work well with a variety of clients, from children, adolescents, college and graduate students to parents and executives. Whether your child is experiencing chronic feelings of anxiety, unhappiness, or procrastinating and feeling stuck, I can help your child get their life back on track and reach their full potential. My clients often see reduction in symptoms and improvement early on in treatment.
I am a clinical psychologist post doctoral fellow with expertise in treating children and young adults in a variety of life difficulties, including anxiety, depression, academic and career struggles, and self-esteem issues. I work well with a variety of clients, from children, adolescents, college and graduate students to parents and executives. Whether your child is experiencing chronic feelings of anxiety, unhappiness, or procrastinating and feeling stuck, I can help your child get their life back on track and reach their full potential. My clients often see reduction in symptoms and improvement early on in treatment.
(929) 556-2968 View (929) 556-2968
Photo of John Krachenfels, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Krachenfels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Have you wondered whether you would benefit from in-person therapy? I offer a phone consultation to answer any questions you may have. I can assist you in resolving challenges and becoming your own therapist by teaching you how to overcome obstacles to succeed. I am skilled at helping high-functioning adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, career issues, addiction issues, academic issues, and goal attainment. My approach is solution-focused. Sessions are tailored to your specific needs. I am approachable and genuine. My clients usually see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in treatment.
Have you wondered whether you would benefit from in-person therapy? I offer a phone consultation to answer any questions you may have. I can assist you in resolving challenges and becoming your own therapist by teaching you how to overcome obstacles to succeed. I am skilled at helping high-functioning adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, career issues, addiction issues, academic issues, and goal attainment. My approach is solution-focused. Sessions are tailored to your specific needs. I am approachable and genuine. My clients usually see reduced symptoms and improved well-being early on in treatment.
(646) 687-2638 View (646) 687-2638
Photo of Medina Cecunjanin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Medina Cecunjanin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Are you a high-achieving Type A who has accomplished professional success but is struggling? Do you feel disengaged, lonely, negative, and beginning to dislike the person you are becoming? I have specialized training with high-functioning individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, and relationship issues. I can help you harness your difficulties by learning how to manage stressors that come up in life and building resilience. I combine strategies from the best in our field, including evidence-based, solution-focused, and exploratory treatment. Simply put, whatever you're going through, I can help.
Are you a high-achieving Type A who has accomplished professional success but is struggling? Do you feel disengaged, lonely, negative, and beginning to dislike the person you are becoming? I have specialized training with high-functioning individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, and relationship issues. I can help you harness your difficulties by learning how to manage stressors that come up in life and building resilience. I combine strategies from the best in our field, including evidence-based, solution-focused, and exploratory treatment. Simply put, whatever you're going through, I can help.
(646) 846-0358 View (646) 846-0358
Photo of Lisa M Pineda, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa M Pineda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pelham, NY 10803  (Online Only)
Deciding on the right therapist for you or a loved one can be challenging. You may be going through a difficult time or have had trouble resolving an issue from the past. You may not know how to deal with a situation you are in, or fear things may never get better. But there is hope, and I am ready to support you and your goals. I am a licensed clinical social worker in practice for 15 years. I specialize in working with children, teens, and young adults, in both individual and family therapy. I have worked in outpatient, hospital, and legal system settings. I also provide forensic evaluations for immigration (asylum, UVisa, SIJ).
Deciding on the right therapist for you or a loved one can be challenging. You may be going through a difficult time or have had trouble resolving an issue from the past. You may not know how to deal with a situation you are in, or fear things may never get better. But there is hope, and I am ready to support you and your goals. I am a licensed clinical social worker in practice for 15 years. I specialize in working with children, teens, and young adults, in both individual and family therapy. I have worked in outpatient, hospital, and legal system settings. I also provide forensic evaluations for immigration (asylum, UVisa, SIJ).
(929) 209-4014 View (929) 209-4014
Photo of Daniel Joseph Franco, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Daniel Joseph Franco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
Have you ever considered whether your child could benefit from therapy? I offer a complimentary consultation to answer concerns you may have. You can speak to me about anything; nothing you say will surprise or shock me. I can assist your child navigate through  struggles as well as helping them become their own therapist. I work successfully with adolescents who struggle with anxiety, panic attacks, relationship problems, trauma, academic, and addiction issues.
Have you ever considered whether your child could benefit from therapy? I offer a complimentary consultation to answer concerns you may have. You can speak to me about anything; nothing you say will surprise or shock me. I can assist your child navigate through  struggles as well as helping them become their own therapist. I work successfully with adolescents who struggle with anxiety, panic attacks, relationship problems, trauma, academic, and addiction issues.
(929) 357-2428 View (929) 357-2428
Photo of Melissa Merelas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Merelas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pelham, NY 10803
You wake to another day, feeling apprehension and fear. You experience physical symptoms; a pit in your stomach, fast heartbeat, and uneasiness. The constant voice in your head reminds you of all of the “shoulds” and “what if’s”. Feelings of hopelessness and depression take over. You have tried to share your feelings with friends and family members, only to be told, you worry too much and just need to relax. You try to relax and appreciate all of the good in your life, but that doesn’t make you feel better. You focus on pushing forward and getting things done, but it is hard to concentrate. You are tired of feeling this way.
You wake to another day, feeling apprehension and fear. You experience physical symptoms; a pit in your stomach, fast heartbeat, and uneasiness. The constant voice in your head reminds you of all of the “shoulds” and “what if’s”. Feelings of hopelessness and depression take over. You have tried to share your feelings with friends and family members, only to be told, you worry too much and just need to relax. You try to relax and appreciate all of the good in your life, but that doesn’t make you feel better. You focus on pushing forward and getting things done, but it is hard to concentrate. You are tired of feeling this way.
(914) 336-9224 View (914) 336-9224
Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Therapists

Who is DBT for?

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?

The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?

Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?

Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.