Trauma and PTSD Psychiatrists in Parma, OH

Photo of Tameshia Wiggins, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Tameshia Wiggins
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parma, OH 44129
My approach to care is evidence based, patient centered, trauma informed and nonjudgmental.
Hello, my name is Tameshia, and I am a dual certified nurse practitioner specializing in psychiatry and adult geriatric primary care. I am nationally certified by both the American Nurses Credentialing Center and the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. My focus is on adults throughout their life span, and I provide medication management and therapy. I work with adults aged 18 and up. I am comfortable treating patients who are dealing with symptoms related to depression, anxiety, insomnia, schizophrenia, addiction, weight issues, ADHD, bipolar disorder and more.
My approach to care is evidence based, patient centered, trauma informed and nonjudgmental.
Hello, my name is Tameshia, and I am a dual certified nurse practitioner specializing in psychiatry and adult geriatric primary care. I am nationally certified by both the American Nurses Credentialing Center and the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. My focus is on adults throughout their life span, and I provide medication management and therapy. I work with adults aged 18 and up. I am comfortable treating patients who are dealing with symptoms related to depression, anxiety, insomnia, schizophrenia, addiction, weight issues, ADHD, bipolar disorder and more.
(440) 739-3024 View (440) 739-3024
Photo of Lauren Mente, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Lauren Mente
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44129
My name is Lauren Mente, and I was born and raised in Ohio. I am a board-certified nurse practitioner in psychiatry and primary care. I received my first nursing degree as a registered nurse in 2001. I furthered my education at Ohio University in 2010 with a bachelor's in nursing, followed by a master's in nursing in 2013. My focus area as a NP has been in community mental health. I received my psychiatric mental health post-master's certification from Northern Kentucky University in 2021.
My name is Lauren Mente, and I was born and raised in Ohio. I am a board-certified nurse practitioner in psychiatry and primary care. I received my first nursing degree as a registered nurse in 2001. I furthered my education at Ohio University in 2010 with a bachelor's in nursing, followed by a master's in nursing in 2013. My focus area as a NP has been in community mental health. I received my psychiatric mental health post-master's certification from Northern Kentucky University in 2021.
(440) 762-7206 View (440) 762-7206
Photo of Rod Comforters, LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Rod Comforters, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP, -BC
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44134
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!!** Do you feel hopeless, helpless, or as if your life has no purpose? Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then Welcome to Rod Comforters, LLC. At Rod Comforters, we believe that high quality mental health care is more than treating illness - it is a journey to achieving wellness. Our approach is to help clients form more effective strategies for managing stress so they can feel better, take control of their circumstances and recognize that the power to improve is in their hands.
**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!!** Do you feel hopeless, helpless, or as if your life has no purpose? Are you struggling to balance your physical and mental health? Are things becoming unmanageable? Is your time limited? Then Welcome to Rod Comforters, LLC. At Rod Comforters, we believe that high quality mental health care is more than treating illness - it is a journey to achieving wellness. Our approach is to help clients form more effective strategies for managing stress so they can feel better, take control of their circumstances and recognize that the power to improve is in their hands.
(216) 930-1844 View (216) 930-1844
Jehan F. Helmi
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44134
Dr. Jehan Helmi is a child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. She has extensive knowledge and training in psychotherapy and medication management. Her practice offers the latest Telepsychiatry, allowing you to visit with your doctor from the convenience of your home or work. Dr. Jehan Helmi's approach is unique and integrative, she believes in the person as 'the whole', and strives for a comprehensive evaluation, stepwise, and 'bio-psycho-social' model. With compassion, knowledge, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
Dr. Jehan Helmi is a child, adolescent, and adult psychiatrist. She has extensive knowledge and training in psychotherapy and medication management. Her practice offers the latest Telepsychiatry, allowing you to visit with your doctor from the convenience of your home or work. Dr. Jehan Helmi's approach is unique and integrative, she believes in the person as 'the whole', and strives for a comprehensive evaluation, stepwise, and 'bio-psycho-social' model. With compassion, knowledge, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
(949) 478-1606 View (949) 478-1606
Photo of Syed E Ahmed, Psychiatrist in Parma, OH
Syed E Ahmed
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44129
I have been practicing psychiatry for the last nearly 30 years and take great pride in my profession. I treat adults of all ages. My goal is to make the most accurate diagnosis possible, help my patients make the behavioral changes that would help them improve, treat them with the least amount of medication and keep them symptoms and side-effects free.
I have been practicing psychiatry for the last nearly 30 years and take great pride in my profession. I treat adults of all ages. My goal is to make the most accurate diagnosis possible, help my patients make the behavioral changes that would help them improve, treat them with the least amount of medication and keep them symptoms and side-effects free.
(440) 271-8492 View (440) 271-8492
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, APRN
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44134  (Online Only)
Accepting new patients for telehealth visits in Ohio for psych evaluations and medication management. We treat anyone suffering with depression, anxiety, or other mental health issue adversely affecting optimal functioning at work, deterring their best social self, or preventing being fully present for loved ones. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable out of pocket rates. Also Accepting some insurance plans.
Accepting new patients for telehealth visits in Ohio for psych evaluations and medication management. We treat anyone suffering with depression, anxiety, or other mental health issue adversely affecting optimal functioning at work, deterring their best social self, or preventing being fully present for loved ones. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable out of pocket rates. Also Accepting some insurance plans.
(614) 347-0826 View (614) 347-0826
Photo of Comprehensive minds LLC, Psychiatrist in Parma, OH
Comprehensive minds LLC
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44129
Our experienced medical professionals put your healing needs first. We are proud to provide a high quality level of customer service, medical experience, and commitment to health and wellness to all of our patients. Our goal is to make you feel better as quickly as possible.
Our experienced medical professionals put your healing needs first. We are proud to provide a high quality level of customer service, medical experience, and commitment to health and wellness to all of our patients. Our goal is to make you feel better as quickly as possible.
(440) 554-0035 View (440) 554-0035
Photo of Mark Tuvelle, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Mark Tuvelle
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44129
Mark Tuvelle strives to provide a safe and welcoming environment and always wants to ensure that his clients feel they are “being listened to.” Mark believes a provider must truly listen to understand his client’s concerns, thus ensuring that their priorities are being addressed. He believes that communication lays the foundation for any effective partnership and that successful psychiatric care begins with open, honest, and genuine communication between provider and client, with an overall goal of helping the individual enhance all aspects of health and overall well-being using a holistic approach.
Mark Tuvelle strives to provide a safe and welcoming environment and always wants to ensure that his clients feel they are “being listened to.” Mark believes a provider must truly listen to understand his client’s concerns, thus ensuring that their priorities are being addressed. He believes that communication lays the foundation for any effective partnership and that successful psychiatric care begins with open, honest, and genuine communication between provider and client, with an overall goal of helping the individual enhance all aspects of health and overall well-being using a holistic approach.
(440) 553-8704 View (440) 553-8704
Photo of Jennifer Seelie, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Jennifer Seelie
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Parma, OH 44130  (Online Only)
I am Psych NP who specializes in depressive disorders, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, OCD, ADHD, mood disorders, and addiction medicine.
I am Psych NP who specializes in depressive disorders, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, OCD, ADHD, mood disorders, and addiction medicine.
(513) 450-3752 View (513) 450-3752

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Jodie Skillicorn, Psychiatrist in Parma, OH
Jodie Skillicorn
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44101  (Online Only)
I integrate conventional psychiatric treatment options of psychotherapy with research-based complementary modalities including mindfulness, breath-work, yoga, qi qong, biofeedback, imagery, EMDR, nutrition, exercise, ecotherapy, and supplements, along with prescriptions, if and only if, absolutely necessary. Conditions treated include depression, anxiety, climate distress, and, trauma, as well as fatigue, pain, and general health issues that often have a stress induced component. For more information about my approach check out my book Healing Depression without Medications: A Psychiatrist's Guide to Balancing Mind, Body, and Soul.
I integrate conventional psychiatric treatment options of psychotherapy with research-based complementary modalities including mindfulness, breath-work, yoga, qi qong, biofeedback, imagery, EMDR, nutrition, exercise, ecotherapy, and supplements, along with prescriptions, if and only if, absolutely necessary. Conditions treated include depression, anxiety, climate distress, and, trauma, as well as fatigue, pain, and general health issues that often have a stress induced component. For more information about my approach check out my book Healing Depression without Medications: A Psychiatrist's Guide to Balancing Mind, Body, and Soul.
(330) 679-8477 View (330) 679-8477
Photo of Jennifer M. Suffridge, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Jennifer M. Suffridge
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRNCNP, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44101  (Online Only)
I am trained in the use of psychotropic medications to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders (Depression and Bipolar Disorder), Anxiety Disorders (Panic Attacks, OCD, GAD, and PTSD), Psychotic Disorders, as well as ADHD, Autism Spectrum, and sexual problems.
My treatment philosophy starts with the fact that I believe that every human being is unique, and deserves to be happy and to be treated with dignity. I have been working for my entire adult life in the medical field. I worked for many years as a critical care nurse, treating men and women suffering from severe, life-threatning illnesses. As I saw individuals and families struggling with pain and illness, I became gradually more interested in focusing on people's inner, mental well-being. I was fortunate to be able to train as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I am availabe to treat any patients in the State of Ohio.
I am trained in the use of psychotropic medications to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders (Depression and Bipolar Disorder), Anxiety Disorders (Panic Attacks, OCD, GAD, and PTSD), Psychotic Disorders, as well as ADHD, Autism Spectrum, and sexual problems.
My treatment philosophy starts with the fact that I believe that every human being is unique, and deserves to be happy and to be treated with dignity. I have been working for my entire adult life in the medical field. I worked for many years as a critical care nurse, treating men and women suffering from severe, life-threatning illnesses. As I saw individuals and families struggling with pain and illness, I became gradually more interested in focusing on people's inner, mental well-being. I was fortunate to be able to train as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I am availabe to treat any patients in the State of Ohio.
(513) 953-4459 View (513) 953-4459
Photo of Lydia Potoma, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Lydia Potoma
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN , PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brook Park, OH 44142  (Online Only)
I have experience treating depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, bipolar, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, chronic pain (no opioids), weight management, eating disorders, thinking disorders, mood disorders, dual diagnosis, Dementia/Alzheimer's, and behavioral issues.
Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with 4 years experience as an Inpatient Psych Hospitalist, Outpatient Provider and Nursing Home Consultant. Extensive experience in Inpatient/Outpatient Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Emergency Department, Long-Term Care, and Memory Care. Received Master's of Science in Nursing from Case Western Reserve University.
I have experience treating depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, bipolar, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, chronic pain (no opioids), weight management, eating disorders, thinking disorders, mood disorders, dual diagnosis, Dementia/Alzheimer's, and behavioral issues.
Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with 4 years experience as an Inpatient Psych Hospitalist, Outpatient Provider and Nursing Home Consultant. Extensive experience in Inpatient/Outpatient Adult Psychiatry, Psychiatric Emergency Department, Long-Term Care, and Memory Care. Received Master's of Science in Nursing from Case Western Reserve University.
(216) 290-2543 x102 View (216) 290-2543 x102
Photo of Christopher Smith, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Christopher Smith
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APN, NP, RXN
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44109  (Online Only)
I am a dual licensed and board certified Nurse Practitioner in both Psychiatric Mental Health (PMHNP) and Family Medicine (FNP). Prior to my work in psychiatry, I spent over 10 years working in a mix of emergency medicine, trauma care, urgent care and covering for primary care providers. I understand what it means to work in high stress, high demand environments. I believe in addressing mental health with the same level of focus and detail that the most complex physical health conditions require.
I am a dual licensed and board certified Nurse Practitioner in both Psychiatric Mental Health (PMHNP) and Family Medicine (FNP). Prior to my work in psychiatry, I spent over 10 years working in a mix of emergency medicine, trauma care, urgent care and covering for primary care providers. I understand what it means to work in high stress, high demand environments. I believe in addressing mental health with the same level of focus and detail that the most complex physical health conditions require.
(380) 666-8774 View (380) 666-8774
Photo of Noah L Miller, Psychiatrist in Parma, OH
Noah L Miller
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Shaker Heights, OH 44120
I am board certified in both general psychiatry and child & adolescent psychiatry. As such, I not only see children and adolescents but also young adults. I prefer to work with this age group but I will consider working with middle-aged adults as long as it is a good "fit" for my practice. Also please know that my practice is not in any insurance networks, though we will submit all billing to your insurance so that you can collect any out-of-network benefits. I am comfortable diagnosing and treating ADHD & behavioral disorders, depression & other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and autism spectrum disorder.
I am board certified in both general psychiatry and child & adolescent psychiatry. As such, I not only see children and adolescents but also young adults. I prefer to work with this age group but I will consider working with middle-aged adults as long as it is a good "fit" for my practice. Also please know that my practice is not in any insurance networks, though we will submit all billing to your insurance so that you can collect any out-of-network benefits. I am comfortable diagnosing and treating ADHD & behavioral disorders, depression & other mood disorders, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and autism spectrum disorder.
(216) 250-9339 View (216) 250-9339
Photo of Steve Pessefall, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Steve Pessefall
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brecksville, OH 44141
Steve’s area of specialization includes mood and anxiety disorders, PTSD, schizophrenia, ADHD, childhood behavioral disorders, and a range of other disorders.
Steve is Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (CNP) with a focus on providing treatment for a broad-spectrum of mental health disorders. He earned his Master of Science in Nursing Degree from The University of Akron and is a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. He has experience in inpatient, outpatient, as well as community mental health settings as a Nurse Practitioner and over 25 years of experience as a Registered Nurse working in psychiatric / behavioral health hospitals. Steve has also earned his credential for Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) from The University of Maryland.
Steve’s area of specialization includes mood and anxiety disorders, PTSD, schizophrenia, ADHD, childhood behavioral disorders, and a range of other disorders.
Steve is Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (CNP) with a focus on providing treatment for a broad-spectrum of mental health disorders. He earned his Master of Science in Nursing Degree from The University of Akron and is a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. He has experience in inpatient, outpatient, as well as community mental health settings as a Nurse Practitioner and over 25 years of experience as a Registered Nurse working in psychiatric / behavioral health hospitals. Steve has also earned his credential for Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) from The University of Maryland.
(440) 530-6462 View (440) 530-6462
Photo of Dr. Neal Swartz, Psychiatrist in Parma, OH
Dr. Neal Swartz
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44111
He specializes in a diverse range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, ADHD, and addresses concerns of life dissatisfaction and relationship difficulties.
Dr. Swartz is a psychiatrist and psychodynamic psychotherapist, who is ready to empower you on your journey to mental wellness. With a rich educational background and extensive training, he brings a depth of knowledge and experience to Reach Behavioral Health. Working with a team of counselors and psychotherapists, he is confident he can help you reach your wellness goals.
He specializes in a diverse range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, ADHD, and addresses concerns of life dissatisfaction and relationship difficulties.
Dr. Swartz is a psychiatrist and psychodynamic psychotherapist, who is ready to empower you on your journey to mental wellness. With a rich educational background and extensive training, he brings a depth of knowledge and experience to Reach Behavioral Health. Working with a team of counselors and psychotherapists, he is confident he can help you reach your wellness goals.
(216) 999-5116 View (216) 999-5116
Photo of Fatimah Thiam, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Fatimah Thiam
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44105  (Online Only)
Hello, I am Fatimah, a board certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, who have been in practice over the last 8 years, with experience working in inpatient, outpatient and crisis settings. Do you suffer from ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, schizophrenia, mood swings, eating disorders, insomnia, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders or substance abuse? I'm here because of you and I care about you. To book your appointment go to https:/centralbehavioralclinic.com/.
Hello, I am Fatimah, a board certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, who have been in practice over the last 8 years, with experience working in inpatient, outpatient and crisis settings. Do you suffer from ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, schizophrenia, mood swings, eating disorders, insomnia, trauma/PTSD, personality disorders or substance abuse? I'm here because of you and I care about you. To book your appointment go to https:/centralbehavioralclinic.com/.
(614) 698-1498 View (614) 698-1498
Photo of Tiffani Gallimore, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Tiffani Gallimore
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APN, DEA
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44109  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner serving the state of Ohio. With over 10 years of Emergency and Intensive Care medicine experience combined with 6 years of Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment experience, I can help guide you on your journey toward a healthy mind and body. I specialize in the medication management of depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, mood disorders, personality disorders, and stable schizophrenia. I lean toward the existential belief that responses such as fear, worry, and anxiety are often appropriate given the client's circumstances.
Hello! I am a Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner serving the state of Ohio. With over 10 years of Emergency and Intensive Care medicine experience combined with 6 years of Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment experience, I can help guide you on your journey toward a healthy mind and body. I specialize in the medication management of depression, anxiety, grief, PTSD, mood disorders, personality disorders, and stable schizophrenia. I lean toward the existential belief that responses such as fear, worry, and anxiety are often appropriate given the client's circumstances.
(614) 918-4500 View (614) 918-4500
Photo of Nicole Robbins, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Nicole Robbins
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN
Verified Verified
North Olmsted, OH 44070
Nicole Robbins is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner whose primary focus is resilience in children and adolescents. She specializes in medication management of ADHD, depression, anxiety and trauma in children ages 5-17 years old. Nicole enjoys exploring treatment options with her client's and their parents so they can make informed decisions about what is right for them.
Nicole Robbins is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner whose primary focus is resilience in children and adolescents. She specializes in medication management of ADHD, depression, anxiety and trauma in children ages 5-17 years old. Nicole enjoys exploring treatment options with her client's and their parents so they can make informed decisions about what is right for them.
(330) 969-6748 View (330) 969-6748
Photo of Annamaria Pagani, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Parma, OH
Annamaria Pagani
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
I have experience with many mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, and bipolar disorder.
Welcome! I am accepting ages 16 and up. My role involves addressing symptoms and challenges that patients face with medication, but also identifying other factors that could contribute to their mental health. This includes medical conditions, lifestyle factors, coping skills, and more. I always encourage my patients to participate in therapy. I offer genetic testing to help narrow down psychotropic medication options and to help patients understand why previous medications may not have worked. I empower my patients to actively participate in making decisions. I feel it is important to be an advocate of your own care.
I have experience with many mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, and bipolar disorder.
Welcome! I am accepting ages 16 and up. My role involves addressing symptoms and challenges that patients face with medication, but also identifying other factors that could contribute to their mental health. This includes medical conditions, lifestyle factors, coping skills, and more. I always encourage my patients to participate in therapy. I offer genetic testing to help narrow down psychotropic medication options and to help patients understand why previous medications may not have worked. I empower my patients to actively participate in making decisions. I feel it is important to be an advocate of your own care.
(614) 877-8627 View (614) 877-8627
Trauma and PTSD Psychiatrists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.