The Conspiracy Theorist: Bridge the Divide

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In a world filled with information, we would assume facts would be easy finds. Yet, information overload makes us overwhelmed and confused. New discoveries and evolving research have resulted in many of us feeling unstable and out of control. At the same time, contradictions in information have us questioning, critical, and increasingly reliant on our gut feelings (biases) to make sense of it.

Understandably, some of us try to find a place where we feel in control. We begin to find sources of information and communities where people confirm our ideas and beliefs. We create or join niche communities, finding solace in each other's ideas. Unfortunately, many of these communities become echo chambers where emotions override logic, and conspiracy overtakes facts.

When you meet or know individuals who believe in a conspiracy, the first thing you likely want to do is to prove them wrong or feel you need to educate them. This instinct will prove to be unsuccessful. If you haven't built trust or if you aren't willing to listen, they will become defensive. In some circumstances, challenging them can push them to be more extreme in their thinking. What should you do instead?

Start by Listening

Begin by approaching the conversation with genuine curiosity. Instead of dismissing their beliefs outright, take the time to understand what led them to embrace these theories. Ask open-ended questions: "When did you first hear about this?" "Tell me more about___." "Thanks for explaining."

It's important in this first stage to remain open-minded and receptive. For example: "Oh interesting, so would you say___?" Or "I've never thought about it from that perspective."

You need to show that you are genuinely listening and that you can be trusted. Demonstrating sincere interest can help the individual share their perspective without feeling judged. If isolation was a part of the problem of why they found community, ensure they know they have a social connection with you.

How to Build Understanding

Then, figure out the root cause of their belief. It may be to address an underlying psychological need. Do they have this belief because it provides more certainty for a topic that is still murky or still being debated? Does it help them feel in control if the topic is constantly changing and evolving? Does the belief connect them to a community that helps them feel welcome?

Seek to understand the underlying emotions and motivations behind their beliefs. Conspiracy theories often emerge as a response to feelings of powerlessness, fear, or a desire to make sense of complex events. Validate their feelings while also encouraging critical thinking. By acknowledging their emotions, you can build trust and pave the way for a more constructive conversation.

How to Reinforce Strengths

Rather than focusing solely on their beliefs in conspiracy theories, recognize and highlight their positive qualities and interests. Find common ground in shared hobbies, interests, or values. By emphasizing the aspects that unite you, you can create a stronger bond and reinforce their sense of identity beyond the conspiracy theory.

Highlight the aspects or strengths that can help them switch their mindset out of the conspiracy thinking. Start with reinforcements: "Clearly you are a critical thinker to have been able to challenge what most people think." "We probably both agree that asking questions is important." Begin to shift to re-challenging: "What helped you gain that trust in them over others?" "How do you check the evidence of what they are saying?"

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How to Find Solutions

Once you know a root cause, shift the conversation from debunking theories to discussing potential solutions to the issues that concern them. Encourage them to explore credible sources of information and engage in critical analysis. “It is a difficult and anxiety-provoking time, and we need to work together to find the right answers.” Offer alternative perspectives that provide a more nuanced understanding of the topic at hand. "I read one article that discussed this differently, can I send it to you?" You can also use social norms cautiously: "It seems that 90 percent of Canadians got vaccinated, what information do you think they relied on to make that choice?"

By presenting well-researched facts, you can gently challenge their beliefs while respecting their autonomy. If people are stuck on a previous wrong, stay forward-focused. Shift from what did happen to what will happen. People who are focused on achieving something in the future find conspiracy theories less appealing than those who fixate on protecting what they already know or have.

Inoculation of Misinformation

Once you have encouraged their critical thinking, begin to show them techniques of how people spread misinformation. When people can see how they can be manipulated they are less likely to be influenced by them. Common misinformation techniques include emotionally charged language, logical fallacies, false dichotomies, personal attacks, and scapegoating. Inoculation of misinformation helps build resilience against tailored persuasive attacks.

Challenge and Examine Yourself

Engaging with those who believe in conspiracy theories can also be an opportunity for self-reflection. Examine your own biases and preconceived notions, and be open to learning from the exchange. Take a look at what online groups you are part of, or what particular news feeds you follow. Remember that respectful dialogue is a two-way street, and both parties can benefit from actively listening to each other.

Overall, it's important to remember that the goal is not necessarily to change their minds but to promote empathy, critical thinking, and open dialogue that can lead to mutual growth and understanding. Educating less about facts and more about misinformation techniques while concentrating on shaping your future fosters a sense of control—ultimately, reducing conspiracy beliefs.