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Ari Berkowitz Ph.D.

About

Ari Berkowitz, Ph.D., is a Presidential Professor of Biology and Director of the Cellular & Behavioral Neurobiology Graduate Program at the University of Oklahoma. His research focuses on how the spinal cord selects among and generates leg movements. He is author of Governing Behavior: How Nerve Cell Dictatorships and Democracies Control Everything We Do.

Books by Ari Berkowitz Ph.D.
Recent Posts
Brains Are Not Binary
Both human and animal biological sex characteristics refuse to be forced into two categories, male and female. But what about brains?
Animal Biology Is Not Binary

Some nonhuman animals are intersex, while others are both sexes at once or change their sex as needed.

Some nonhuman animals are intersex, while others are both sexes at once or change their sex as needed.

Human Biology Is Not Binary

It is often said that, biologically, each of us is either male or female. But biologists know this view is incorrect.

It is often said that, biologically, each of us is either male or female. But biologists know this view is incorrect.

Going Under the Knife for Masculinity or Femininity

The desire to make our bodies look more masculine or feminine has led to an increase in cosmetic surgeries of the genitals and breasts.

The desire to make our bodies look more masculine or feminine has led to an increase in cosmetic surgeries of the genitals and breasts.

Muscles and Masculinity

Bodybuilding competitions show how the goal of extreme muscularity is associated with hypermasculinity. This may be unhealthy both physically and psychologically.

Bodybuilding competitions show how the goal of extreme muscularity is associated with hypermasculinity. This may be unhealthy both physically and psychologically.

Femininity’s War Against Body Hair

Almost all adults grow body hair due to androgens. But for centuries, women have removed body hair in the name of femininity, often at great cost.

Almost all adults grow body hair due to androgens. But for centuries, women have removed body hair in the name of femininity, often at great cost.

Our Biology Is Not Binary

Many people have intersex anatomy—not simply female or male. But how does this happen and why have intersex people been hidden and subjected to harmful surgeries?

Many people have intersex anatomy—not simply female or male. But how does this happen and why have intersex people been hidden and subjected to harmful surgeries?