Therapists in Richwood

Photo of Agnes Steenkamp, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Agnes Steenkamp
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Richwood 7441
You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your true self. Perhaps you’re struggling with anxiety, trauma, or relationship challenges and looking for a way to break free from unhelpful patterns. You need a safe, non-judgmental space to explore your emotions and gain insight into your behaviors. Your goal is to develop healthier coping strategies, build emotional resilience, and create meaningful change. You want to regain control, find clarity, and move forward with confidence, knowing you have the tools to navigate life’s challenges.
You may be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your true self. Perhaps you’re struggling with anxiety, trauma, or relationship challenges and looking for a way to break free from unhelpful patterns. You need a safe, non-judgmental space to explore your emotions and gain insight into your behaviors. Your goal is to develop healthier coping strategies, build emotional resilience, and create meaningful change. You want to regain control, find clarity, and move forward with confidence, knowing you have the tools to navigate life’s challenges.
087 250 0160 x15 View 087 250 0160 x15

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jp Venter, Psychologist, HPCSA - Ind. Psych.
Jp Venter
Psychologist, HPCSA - Ind. Psych.
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I am a family mediator and counselor who likes to assist people with interpersonal and individual career issues. Are You living your best life - what is your calling? Are you dealing with others in a way that serves your and their needs?
I am a family mediator and counselor who likes to assist people with interpersonal and individual career issues. Are You living your best life - what is your calling? Are you dealing with others in a way that serves your and their needs?
084 505 0983 View 084 505 0983
Photo of Dr. Johann Rademeyer, Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Dr. Johann Rademeyer
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Claremont 7708
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your true self? As a psychologist with over 20 years of experience, I believe in your inherent ability to grow and thrive. I offer a warm and safe, supportive, compassionate, non-judgemental and non-discriminatory therapeutic space, providing comprehensive, individually tailored mental health services to youth, adults, couples, families, and children - including psychological, educational, and neuropsychological assessment. Working in partnership, we will explore a transformative process towards personal growth and self-actualization.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from your true self? As a psychologist with over 20 years of experience, I believe in your inherent ability to grow and thrive. I offer a warm and safe, supportive, compassionate, non-judgemental and non-discriminatory therapeutic space, providing comprehensive, individually tailored mental health services to youth, adults, couples, families, and children - including psychological, educational, and neuropsychological assessment. Working in partnership, we will explore a transformative process towards personal growth and self-actualization.
087 250 0616 x42 View 087 250 0616 x42
Photo of Khumo Aphane, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Khumo Aphane
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Plumstead 7801
It is often hard for us to acknowledge when our usual way of coping no longer feels enough. Someone once said; ‘Asking for help is not a sign of weakness, it is wisdom’ (author unknown). As a registered counsellor I can journey with you to explore your current life challenges. I am passionate, dedicated and committed to the process of healing that the counselling space can offer. My approach is warm, non-judgmental and person-centred. I will offer you emotional support alongside psycho-education about mental wellbeing, whatever your circumstances or stage of life.
It is often hard for us to acknowledge when our usual way of coping no longer feels enough. Someone once said; ‘Asking for help is not a sign of weakness, it is wisdom’ (author unknown). As a registered counsellor I can journey with you to explore your current life challenges. I am passionate, dedicated and committed to the process of healing that the counselling space can offer. My approach is warm, non-judgmental and person-centred. I will offer you emotional support alongside psycho-education about mental wellbeing, whatever your circumstances or stage of life.
087 250 0513 x52 View 087 250 0513 x52
Photo of Brendan Holmes, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Brendan Holmes
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Through one-on-one counselling, I’m here to guide you as you work through obstacles and grow into a stronger, more resilient version of yourself. Together, we can work towards building skills that will empower you. As a registered counsellor, I specialise in working with children, adolescents, and adults to support them in navigating life’s challenges. I am an empathetic individual dedicated to assisting those in need with the stressors they are experiencing. My goal is to create an authentic, safe, and non-judgmental space where you or your loved one can freely explore thoughts, feelings, and experiences through counselling.
Through one-on-one counselling, I’m here to guide you as you work through obstacles and grow into a stronger, more resilient version of yourself. Together, we can work towards building skills that will empower you. As a registered counsellor, I specialise in working with children, adolescents, and adults to support them in navigating life’s challenges. I am an empathetic individual dedicated to assisting those in need with the stressors they are experiencing. My goal is to create an authentic, safe, and non-judgmental space where you or your loved one can freely explore thoughts, feelings, and experiences through counselling.
087 250 0592 x78 View 087 250 0592 x78
Photo of Julia Deborah Blanckenberg, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Julia Deborah Blanckenberg
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Looking for a space to figure things out? You may feel like something is “off” but are not sure how to find yourself again. This is what I am here for - to offer a space where you can rediscover what it means to be you.
Looking for a space to figure things out? You may feel like something is “off” but are not sure how to find yourself again. This is what I am here for - to offer a space where you can rediscover what it means to be you.
087 250 0719 x37 View 087 250 0719 x37
Photo of Chanel Bianca De Waal, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Chanel Bianca De Waal
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have worked with many clients with diverse backgrounds within my private practice as well at Rehabilitation Centres. Prior to registering as a Registered Counsellor I had completed my Honours degree in Psychology. I have completed 250+ practical counselling hours in the field. I have a Certified Diploma in nutrition as well as various other beneficial qualifications in subjects such as CBT and Life Coaching. No matter what situation, our minds are always involved. We all sometimes require assistance in reconnecting and changing our thought patterns and behaviours. You live in your mind - let’s make it a nice place to be.
I have worked with many clients with diverse backgrounds within my private practice as well at Rehabilitation Centres. Prior to registering as a Registered Counsellor I had completed my Honours degree in Psychology. I have completed 250+ practical counselling hours in the field. I have a Certified Diploma in nutrition as well as various other beneficial qualifications in subjects such as CBT and Life Coaching. No matter what situation, our minds are always involved. We all sometimes require assistance in reconnecting and changing our thought patterns and behaviours. You live in your mind - let’s make it a nice place to be.
087 250 2219 x50 View 087 250 2219 x50
Photo of Frances Ward, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Frances Ward
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Capri 7975
Hello. Id like to warmly invite you to book a session with me. You may have gone through trauma or are in addiction or just be seeking relief from stress- looking for actual tools to live well. I use many different brain based, somatic modalities (think "mind body") to help you achieve your goals. I have 20 yrs of counselling experience and 40 odd yrs of life experience. Bring your dog, favourite blanket or cuppa so you're comfortable whilst we relax in the beauty of the Deep South of Cape Town, or from your own home! Medical aid savings can be accessed, not PMB.
Hello. Id like to warmly invite you to book a session with me. You may have gone through trauma or are in addiction or just be seeking relief from stress- looking for actual tools to live well. I use many different brain based, somatic modalities (think "mind body") to help you achieve your goals. I have 20 yrs of counselling experience and 40 odd yrs of life experience. Bring your dog, favourite blanket or cuppa so you're comfortable whilst we relax in the beauty of the Deep South of Cape Town, or from your own home! Medical aid savings can be accessed, not PMB.
087 250 2389 x57 View 087 250 2389 x57
Photo of Guy Pierre Du Plessis, Registered Counsellor, MA, HPCSA - Counsellor
Guy Pierre Du Plessis
Registered Counsellor, MA, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
I offer therapeutic services (in-person and online) in addiction counselling, recovery coaching, and philosophical counselling. I have worked in the mental health field for over 25 years as an addictions counsellor, recovery coach, program and clinical director, program developer and researcher. I am a researcher at the I-System Institute for Transdisciplinary Studies (Utah State University), and an adjunct professor at the Institute for Advanced Psychotherapy (Loyola University Chicago). I am the author and co-author of 7 books.
I offer therapeutic services (in-person and online) in addiction counselling, recovery coaching, and philosophical counselling. I have worked in the mental health field for over 25 years as an addictions counsellor, recovery coach, program and clinical director, program developer and researcher. I am a researcher at the I-System Institute for Transdisciplinary Studies (Utah State University), and an adjunct professor at the Institute for Advanced Psychotherapy (Loyola University Chicago). I am the author and co-author of 7 books.
087 250 0412 x74 View 087 250 0412 x74
Photo of Margie Pankhurst, Art Therapist, MA
Margie Pankhurst
Art Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Woodstock 7925
Drama therapy is an embodied practice that is active and experiential. I have a person-centred approach: radical acceptance, unconditional positive regard with a non-directive stance. I strive to work with the healthy resilience of the individual or group, creating a sense of safety in the present so that personal challenges can be explored in a contained way. Whilst creativity is the foundation for curiosity and expression, the sessions are client led focusing on their preferred mode of expression. The work (with children and adults) is trauma informed and diversity sensitive. Restoring and encouraging agency is ever present
Drama therapy is an embodied practice that is active and experiential. I have a person-centred approach: radical acceptance, unconditional positive regard with a non-directive stance. I strive to work with the healthy resilience of the individual or group, creating a sense of safety in the present so that personal challenges can be explored in a contained way. Whilst creativity is the foundation for curiosity and expression, the sessions are client led focusing on their preferred mode of expression. The work (with children and adults) is trauma informed and diversity sensitive. Restoring and encouraging agency is ever present
087 250 2962 x40 View 087 250 2962 x40
Photo of Thembeka Mfuthwana, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Thembeka Mfuthwana
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a qualified and experienced Educational psychologist. I specialise in diagnosing learning difficulties from the Foundation Phase to the FET Phase (Grade R-12). Services I provide include: Psycho-educational assessments, School readiness assessments, Assessments for Concessions/Accommodations, I completed my Master's degree in Educational psychology from the University of Stellenbosch. I am registered with HPCSA.
I am a qualified and experienced Educational psychologist. I specialise in diagnosing learning difficulties from the Foundation Phase to the FET Phase (Grade R-12). Services I provide include: Psycho-educational assessments, School readiness assessments, Assessments for Concessions/Accommodations, I completed my Master's degree in Educational psychology from the University of Stellenbosch. I am registered with HPCSA.
087 250 0049 x71 View 087 250 0049 x71
Photo of Emily Sheard
Emily Sheard
Verified Verified
If you are feeling unable to cope, or are struggling to break out of old habits or self-defeating patterns, you don't have to navigate the journey to well-being alone. Together, we can find and integrate the tools you need to reconnect with a valued life, and to build a healthier, more compassionate relationship with yourself. I am well equipped to help individuals with a variety of conditions including mood disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, and the autism spectrum; however, you do not need a diagnosis to need support. We all get stuck in unhelpful ways of thinking and doing; it's part of being human.
If you are feeling unable to cope, or are struggling to break out of old habits or self-defeating patterns, you don't have to navigate the journey to well-being alone. Together, we can find and integrate the tools you need to reconnect with a valued life, and to build a healthier, more compassionate relationship with yourself. I am well equipped to help individuals with a variety of conditions including mood disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, and the autism spectrum; however, you do not need a diagnosis to need support. We all get stuck in unhelpful ways of thinking and doing; it's part of being human.
087 250 2837 x96 View 087 250 2837 x96
Photo of Ayesha Abdullah, General Counsellor
Ayesha Abdullah
General Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is tough, sometimes very tough. Us, as human beings often forget to take care of the most basic of our needs in favor of immediate responsibilities and often put off the things that fuel us - when our fuel runs out, we are left with the wreckage and very little motivation to pick up those pieces. The healing journey offers a space to recuperate and learn to know and love ourselves again and to remember that sometimes its okay to not be okay. I journey with those who come see me, and noting is more beautiful and rewarding for to see someone transform their lives into something they have always wanted.
Life is tough, sometimes very tough. Us, as human beings often forget to take care of the most basic of our needs in favor of immediate responsibilities and often put off the things that fuel us - when our fuel runs out, we are left with the wreckage and very little motivation to pick up those pieces. The healing journey offers a space to recuperate and learn to know and love ourselves again and to remember that sometimes its okay to not be okay. I journey with those who come see me, and noting is more beautiful and rewarding for to see someone transform their lives into something they have always wanted.
087 250 0719 x56 View 087 250 0719 x56
Photo of Shwetha Suresh, Psychiatrist, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
Shwetha Suresh
Psychiatrist, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
Verified Verified
I am a psychiatrist, a specialist medical Doctor trained in Psychiatry. I believe that a holistic approach towards treatment which is based on evidence based medication intergrated with a therapeutic approach holds the key to recovery and health. Let’s walk the road to mental and physical well-being together.
I am a psychiatrist, a specialist medical Doctor trained in Psychiatry. I believe that a holistic approach towards treatment which is based on evidence based medication intergrated with a therapeutic approach holds the key to recovery and health. Let’s walk the road to mental and physical well-being together.
021 137 9797 View 021 137 9797
Photo of Philip Getz, Psychologist, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Philip Getz
Psychologist, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Camps Bay 8005
Hello there! I'm a warm, engaging elder therapist who goes the extra mile: I get involved, I make myself available, I share my thinking, and I don't clock-watch. After 49 years in practice - and the telling experiences of an eventful life - I'm likely to be familiar with your predicament. It's reassuring to be treated by an independent-minded therapist who has personally encountered both sides of the professional fence. My acquaintance with trauma attests to the real possibility of overcoming adversity. Finding a resourceful ally makes you feel safe. And practical problem solving is key.
Hello there! I'm a warm, engaging elder therapist who goes the extra mile: I get involved, I make myself available, I share my thinking, and I don't clock-watch. After 49 years in practice - and the telling experiences of an eventful life - I'm likely to be familiar with your predicament. It's reassuring to be treated by an independent-minded therapist who has personally encountered both sides of the professional fence. My acquaintance with trauma attests to the real possibility of overcoming adversity. Finding a resourceful ally makes you feel safe. And practical problem solving is key.
087 250 0442 x90 View 087 250 0442 x90
Photo of Blythe Davina Zz Brigg - Arise Mental Wellness, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Arise Mental Wellness
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
At Arise Mental Wellness, we offer therapy and counselling for individuals, couples, and families navigating life’s challenges. Whether you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected, we’re here to walk with you. Blythe Brigg and Christiane Irene are the co owners as well as Specialist Wellness Counsellors dedicated to creating a safe, person-centred space where insight, resilience, and connection can grow. Our goal is to equip you with tools that support healing, balance, and meaningful change.
At Arise Mental Wellness, we offer therapy and counselling for individuals, couples, and families navigating life’s challenges. Whether you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected, we’re here to walk with you. Blythe Brigg and Christiane Irene are the co owners as well as Specialist Wellness Counsellors dedicated to creating a safe, person-centred space where insight, resilience, and connection can grow. Our goal is to equip you with tools that support healing, balance, and meaningful change.
060 756 1843 View 060 756 1843
Photo of Individual And Couples Therapist Melissa De Klerk, Social Worker, MSocSci
Individual And Couples Therapist Melissa De Klerk
Social Worker, MSocSci
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Feeling disconnected in your relationship? Stuck in the same frustrating cycles? I help individuals and couples break free from unhealthy patterns, improve communication, and rebuild strong, meaningful connections—with themselves, their partners, families, and colleagues. Do conversations turn into conflicts? Do you struggle with setting boundaries or saying "no" when you need to? Together, we’ll uncover the root causes of dysfunctional thinking and communication patterns, develop effective conflict resolution skills, and learn how to repair and strengthen relationships.
Feeling disconnected in your relationship? Stuck in the same frustrating cycles? I help individuals and couples break free from unhealthy patterns, improve communication, and rebuild strong, meaningful connections—with themselves, their partners, families, and colleagues. Do conversations turn into conflicts? Do you struggle with setting boundaries or saying "no" when you need to? Together, we’ll uncover the root causes of dysfunctional thinking and communication patterns, develop effective conflict resolution skills, and learn how to repair and strengthen relationships.
087 250 0162 x28 View 087 250 0162 x28
Photo of Taryn Steyn, Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Taryn Steyn
Psychologist, MSc, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Paarl 7620
Therapy’s major aim is to enable growth and better understanding of oneself through self-discovery and self- exploration. It is within a therapeutic relationship where we can identify problematic and dysfunctional, emotional and behavioural problems and address the necessary changes that will lead to a more healthier and less stressful life”
Therapy’s major aim is to enable growth and better understanding of oneself through self-discovery and self- exploration. It is within a therapeutic relationship where we can identify problematic and dysfunctional, emotional and behavioural problems and address the necessary changes that will lead to a more healthier and less stressful life”
087 250 0412 x22 View 087 250 0412 x22
Photo of leigh desmore Petersen, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
leigh desmore Petersen
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Verified Verified
My speciality is all types of addictions or compulsive behaviours. These behaviours are usually accompanied by huge amounts of shame which makes individuals reluctant to ask for help. Sometimes individuals are hopeless due to attempting many solutions with little results. It takes couradge and motivation to change your current situation. Where the fear of staying the same outweighs the fear of change. Well done for taking the first step in living more effectively.
My speciality is all types of addictions or compulsive behaviours. These behaviours are usually accompanied by huge amounts of shame which makes individuals reluctant to ask for help. Sometimes individuals are hopeless due to attempting many solutions with little results. It takes couradge and motivation to change your current situation. Where the fear of staying the same outweighs the fear of change. Well done for taking the first step in living more effectively.
087 250 2148 x15 View 087 250 2148 x15
Photo of Aneesa Karodia - The Light Healing Sanctuary, Psychologist, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
The Light Healing Sanctuary
Psychologist, HPCSA - Ed. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
At the Light Healing Sanctuary, we provide a warm and safe space for patients to express their emotions , address their innermost conflicts and learn how to grow and heal. We provide Therapeutic containment in a beautiful healing space that nurtures the patient's inner motivation to succeed. In maintaining the highest levels of professionalism and adopting cutting edge therapeutic interventions, we strive to ensure that patients receive the best treatment possible. At The Light Healing Sanctuary, we strive to "Shed a guiding light on your healing journey."
At the Light Healing Sanctuary, we provide a warm and safe space for patients to express their emotions , address their innermost conflicts and learn how to grow and heal. We provide Therapeutic containment in a beautiful healing space that nurtures the patient's inner motivation to succeed. In maintaining the highest levels of professionalism and adopting cutting edge therapeutic interventions, we strive to ensure that patients receive the best treatment possible. At The Light Healing Sanctuary, we strive to "Shed a guiding light on your healing journey."
087 250 2389 x95 View 087 250 2389 x95

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Richwood

< 10

Counsellors in Richwood who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Emotional Disturbance
100% Coping Skills
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress

Average years in practice

6 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Richwood see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Richwood?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.