Psychologists and Therapists in Parklands

Photo of Lehandra Riley, General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Lehandra Riley
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
5 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
As a trauma-informed wellness counsellor, I offer a warm and supportive space for individuals navigating life transitions and everyday challenges who experience low mood and anxious feelings, as well as for couples who would like to strengthen their connection and communication. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and grounded in respect for each person’s unique story and pace of growth. I have a particular interest in supporting individuals who have been impacted by trauma, including childhood experiences, and those seeking support with anxiety and depression from a wellness and resilience-building perspective.
As a trauma-informed wellness counsellor, I offer a warm and supportive space for individuals navigating life transitions and everyday challenges who experience low mood and anxious feelings, as well as for couples who would like to strengthen their connection and communication. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and grounded in respect for each person’s unique story and pace of growth. I have a particular interest in supporting individuals who have been impacted by trauma, including childhood experiences, and those seeking support with anxiety and depression from a wellness and resilience-building perspective.
087 250 2148 x29 View 087 250 2148 x29
Photo of Sihle Dlakavu, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Sihle Dlakavu
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
3 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
The process of laying myself on this blank page seems daunting, but not nearly as daunting as entering into a therapeutic process. I am a clinical psychologist, registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. I believe individuals are resilient, posses great strength, and a built to overcome adversity and its a great privilege to accompany individuals on their journey back to self or even a discovery of new, different parts of the self. It is through a authentic connection and relationships that one can safely navigate the challenges that life throws at them.
The process of laying myself on this blank page seems daunting, but not nearly as daunting as entering into a therapeutic process. I am a clinical psychologist, registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa. I believe individuals are resilient, posses great strength, and a built to overcome adversity and its a great privilege to accompany individuals on their journey back to self or even a discovery of new, different parts of the self. It is through a authentic connection and relationships that one can safely navigate the challenges that life throws at them.
View
Photo of Lekuka Masipa, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Lekuka Masipa
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Parklands 7441
The thought of starting therapy can be a scaring one. We often wonder about suitability and ask ourselves will the therapist and I get along, will he understand me, or will he judge me? All these are relevant and real questions that are born when looking for a therapist to connect with. I strongly believe that the relationship between a therapist and client is a very vulnerable and sacred kind of relationship, where the two travel together to explore and access vulnerable parts of the client.
The thought of starting therapy can be a scaring one. We often wonder about suitability and ask ourselves will the therapist and I get along, will he understand me, or will he judge me? All these are relevant and real questions that are born when looking for a therapist to connect with. I strongly believe that the relationship between a therapist and client is a very vulnerable and sacred kind of relationship, where the two travel together to explore and access vulnerable parts of the client.
087 250 0902 x47 View 087 250 0902 x47
Photo of Hazel Vuyiswa Lebaka, General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Hazel Vuyiswa Lebaka
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waking up not fully rested, because you hardly sleep. You cannot greet the morning with smile, because nothing excites you. You experience pain at the end of work, because you feel overwhelmed. You're overthinking with negative thoughts because you lost hope and nothing motivates you. You surrender to bad relationships, hold grudges and allow trauma to control you. You cannot be present for yourself and your family. You need a confidential helping relationship, where you could talk about your problems. Seeking help can feel lonely and scary. You want to feel safe enough to share your thoughts and hurts and not be judged.
Waking up not fully rested, because you hardly sleep. You cannot greet the morning with smile, because nothing excites you. You experience pain at the end of work, because you feel overwhelmed. You're overthinking with negative thoughts because you lost hope and nothing motivates you. You surrender to bad relationships, hold grudges and allow trauma to control you. You cannot be present for yourself and your family. You need a confidential helping relationship, where you could talk about your problems. Seeking help can feel lonely and scary. You want to feel safe enough to share your thoughts and hurts and not be judged.
087 250 2293 x78 View 087 250 2293 x78
Photo of Matebogo Kubeka, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Matebogo Kubeka
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
My ideal client is someone seeking greater self-understanding during a period of emotional distress or life transition. They may be experiencing grief, anxiety, depression, self-esteem concerns, trauma, or relational difficulties, and are looking for a thoughtful, supportive space to explore these experiences. Their goals often include increased self-awareness, improved relationships, and a more grounded way of navigating life’s challenges, with an emphasis on both relief from distress and meaningful, lasting change.
My ideal client is someone seeking greater self-understanding during a period of emotional distress or life transition. They may be experiencing grief, anxiety, depression, self-esteem concerns, trauma, or relational difficulties, and are looking for a thoughtful, supportive space to explore these experiences. Their goals often include increased self-awareness, improved relationships, and a more grounded way of navigating life’s challenges, with an emphasis on both relief from distress and meaningful, lasting change.
087 250 0442 x70 View 087 250 0442 x70
Photo of Edna Pollard - PMD Counselling, General Counsellor, MPsych, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
PMD Counselling
General Counsellor, MPsych, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Parklands 7441
A Registered Specialist Wellness Counsellor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can share and become the best YOU. MIND/BODY connection is integral to mental wellness. Specializing in SUD's(Substance Use Disorders) & Addiction, Relationship counselling, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout......et.c., I am passionate about the well-being of people, assisting them to explore ways to improve mental well-being, heal, overcome obstacles and reach their full potential through Counselling & Coaching by finding their passion in life, at work and at home. Taking people to the next level in their lives by improving mental well-being.
A Registered Specialist Wellness Counsellor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can share and become the best YOU. MIND/BODY connection is integral to mental wellness. Specializing in SUD's(Substance Use Disorders) & Addiction, Relationship counselling, Anxiety, Depression, Burnout......et.c., I am passionate about the well-being of people, assisting them to explore ways to improve mental well-being, heal, overcome obstacles and reach their full potential through Counselling & Coaching by finding their passion in life, at work and at home. Taking people to the next level in their lives by improving mental well-being.
087 250 0049 x74 View 087 250 0049 x74
Photo of Tayla Kurten, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Tayla Kurten
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
2 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
I am passionate about supporting children (ages 6+), adolescents, and young adults as they navigate the challenges that can arise during periods of growth and change. At times, we can feel overwhelmed by emotions such as stress, worry, anger, and sadness. These feelings are completely valid, and healing begins by making space for, acknowledging, and understanding our emotions. My counselling approach is gentle, warm, and collaborative, tailored to the client's needs. I work alongside individuals and families to process challenges, develop healthy coping strategies, and build emotional awareness, resilience, and hope for the future.
I am passionate about supporting children (ages 6+), adolescents, and young adults as they navigate the challenges that can arise during periods of growth and change. At times, we can feel overwhelmed by emotions such as stress, worry, anger, and sadness. These feelings are completely valid, and healing begins by making space for, acknowledging, and understanding our emotions. My counselling approach is gentle, warm, and collaborative, tailored to the client's needs. I work alongside individuals and families to process challenges, develop healthy coping strategies, and build emotional awareness, resilience, and hope for the future.
087 250 2962 x15 View 087 250 2962 x15
Photo of Charity Hlongwane, Social Worker, SACSSP
Charity Hlongwane
Social Worker, SACSSP
Parklands 7441
I Work with: • Individuals navigating career changes, relationship issues, grief, or mental health concerns. • Older adults & families coping with aging, caregiving responsibilities, or vulnerability in rural and urban communities. • Corporates & organizations facing restructuring, leadership transitions, or workplace stress or burnout. • Communities seeking stronger connections, healing, and systemic support. My Approach • Safe & Non-Judgmental Space: A place to express emotions freely. • Resilience Building: Practical coping strategies for long-term well-being. • Gerontological Support: Addressing age-related transitions.
I Work with: • Individuals navigating career changes, relationship issues, grief, or mental health concerns. • Older adults & families coping with aging, caregiving responsibilities, or vulnerability in rural and urban communities. • Corporates & organizations facing restructuring, leadership transitions, or workplace stress or burnout. • Communities seeking stronger connections, healing, and systemic support. My Approach • Safe & Non-Judgmental Space: A place to express emotions freely. • Resilience Building: Practical coping strategies for long-term well-being. • Gerontological Support: Addressing age-related transitions.
087 250 0442 x92 View 087 250 0442 x92
Photo of Prianca Harichand, Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Prianca Harichand
Psychologist, MSocSci, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
Hello, I'm Prianca! A Counselling Psychologist with a special interest in working with anxiety disorders, mood related disorders, complex bereavement, trauma and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. If your therapeutic goal is to develop practical and long lasting coping skills from therapy, then you are in the right place.
Hello, I'm Prianca! A Counselling Psychologist with a special interest in working with anxiety disorders, mood related disorders, complex bereavement, trauma and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. If your therapeutic goal is to develop practical and long lasting coping skills from therapy, then you are in the right place.
087 250 0412 x19 View 087 250 0412 x19
Photo of Eduan Greyling, General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Eduan Greyling
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Parklands 7441
We are T1S – Transforming Lives One Session At A Time, an established international counselling practice dedicated to compassionate, evidence‑based support for emotional, relational, and holistic wellbeing. As registered Specialist Wellness Counsellors with the ASCHP, we provide ethical, structured care. Our work includes addiction recovery, depression, CBT, relationship and family counselling, and wellness for adults and children. Through individual and group sessions, we create safe, supportive spaces for healing, resilience, and meaningful, lasting change, guiding you every step of the way.
We are T1S – Transforming Lives One Session At A Time, an established international counselling practice dedicated to compassionate, evidence‑based support for emotional, relational, and holistic wellbeing. As registered Specialist Wellness Counsellors with the ASCHP, we provide ethical, structured care. Our work includes addiction recovery, depression, CBT, relationship and family counselling, and wellness for adults and children. Through individual and group sessions, we create safe, supportive spaces for healing, resilience, and meaningful, lasting change, guiding you every step of the way.
087 250 2962 x22 View 087 250 2962 x22
Photo of Tanja Van Niekerk, General Counsellor
Tanja Van Niekerk
General Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Wellness Counsellor, supporting women with emotional strain, anxiety, overwhelmness, or significant life changes that are affecting their daily functioning and sense of self. I provide a calm, supportive therapeutic space where you can explore these experiences safely and without pressure. My approach is integrative, person-centred, and humanistic, focusing on self-awareness, emotional balance, and practical coping strategies. Through online counselling in Afrikaans and English, I support you in navigating challenges with greater clarity, confidence, and grounding.
Wellness Counsellor, supporting women with emotional strain, anxiety, overwhelmness, or significant life changes that are affecting their daily functioning and sense of self. I provide a calm, supportive therapeutic space where you can explore these experiences safely and without pressure. My approach is integrative, person-centred, and humanistic, focusing on self-awareness, emotional balance, and practical coping strategies. Through online counselling in Afrikaans and English, I support you in navigating challenges with greater clarity, confidence, and grounding.
View
Photo of Michelle Mackrell, Registered Counsellor
Michelle Mackrell
Registered Counsellor
Parklands 7441
I am a HPCSA Registered Counsellor with over 14 years’ experience supporting tweens, teens, adults, couples and families through life’s challenges. I provide a safe, compassionate space for healing, growth and meaningful change. I work with people experiencing mental health concerns, grief, trauma, life transitions and have a special interest working with young people facing issues such as self-harm, bullying, media concerns, family struggles, neurodiversity, learning and other difficulties. I also really enjoy helping couples and families to rebuild trust and foster deeper connection with one another.
I am a HPCSA Registered Counsellor with over 14 years’ experience supporting tweens, teens, adults, couples and families through life’s challenges. I provide a safe, compassionate space for healing, growth and meaningful change. I work with people experiencing mental health concerns, grief, trauma, life transitions and have a special interest working with young people facing issues such as self-harm, bullying, media concerns, family struggles, neurodiversity, learning and other difficulties. I also really enjoy helping couples and families to rebuild trust and foster deeper connection with one another.
087 250 0914 x61 View 087 250 0914 x61
Photo of Matsie Matooane, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Matsie Matooane
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Parklands 7441
Life gets overwhelming sometimes, for all of us. Even the strongest and most resilient people need help from time to time. Courageous people know when to seek help in order to augment their own resources, to facilitate truncated bounce back cycles. Covid-19 has demonstrated that most of us do not flourish in isolation. You need not journey alone. I work with adults, adolescents (15 years and above), and couples, providing a warm, confidential and supportive psychotherapeutic environment. Trained in Brain-Working Recursive Therapy (BWRT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Life gets overwhelming sometimes, for all of us. Even the strongest and most resilient people need help from time to time. Courageous people know when to seek help in order to augment their own resources, to facilitate truncated bounce back cycles. Covid-19 has demonstrated that most of us do not flourish in isolation. You need not journey alone. I work with adults, adolescents (15 years and above), and couples, providing a warm, confidential and supportive psychotherapeutic environment. Trained in Brain-Working Recursive Therapy (BWRT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
087 250 2148 x64 View 087 250 2148 x64
Photo of Taryn Little-Viglino, General Counsellor
Taryn Little-Viglino
General Counsellor
Online Only
At a young age I began to discern my high levels of empathy for those in pain & this I believe in part is because of my own story of brokenness. People tended to open up to me quite easily about their personal stories. My whole heart gravitated towards the helping profession specifically within the spaces of healing, empowering , inspiring & teaching. I unequivocally know that my life's work is to help others to become products of their purpose and not their pain.To flourish in the areas of emotion, relationships, meaning, accomplishment and engagement. ( Martin Seligman). To thrive and not merely survive.
At a young age I began to discern my high levels of empathy for those in pain & this I believe in part is because of my own story of brokenness. People tended to open up to me quite easily about their personal stories. My whole heart gravitated towards the helping profession specifically within the spaces of healing, empowering , inspiring & teaching. I unequivocally know that my life's work is to help others to become products of their purpose and not their pain.To flourish in the areas of emotion, relationships, meaning, accomplishment and engagement. ( Martin Seligman). To thrive and not merely survive.
087 250 0782 x31 View 087 250 0782 x31
Photo of Robyn Lee Ugolini, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Robyn Lee Ugolini
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Serves Area
I am a Registered Counsellor based in the Northern Suburbs, offering counselling to primary school children who are experiencing anxiety, bullying, or school-related stress. I also work with young adults who are feeling overwhelmed by life choices, stress, or self-esteem difficulties.
I am a Registered Counsellor based in the Northern Suburbs, offering counselling to primary school children who are experiencing anxiety, bullying, or school-related stress. I also work with young adults who are feeling overwhelmed by life choices, stress, or self-esteem difficulties.
087 813 4099 x26 View 087 813 4099 x26
Photo of Yanga Vava - Dr Y Vava, Psychiatrist, MBChB, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
Dr Y Vava
Psychiatrist, MBChB, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a psychiatrist, that is, a doctor who is able to diagnose and treat mental disorders such as mood, anxiety, personality and psychotic disorders
I am a psychiatrist, that is, a doctor who is able to diagnose and treat mental disorders such as mood, anxiety, personality and psychotic disorders
087 250 0412 x50 View 087 250 0412 x50
Photo of Dr. Celia Beukes, PhD
Dr. Celia Beukes
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone who has a need for therapy, but may find it difficult to talk about their issues. Words may seem limited to describe what they feel inside of themselves. Child clients sometimes don't know or understand the extent of their unhappiness, or are too young to know that they are mentally and emotionally affected by circumstances. My ideal client is someone who suffers from trauma and early childhood wounding, or presents an array of other clinical presentations, including depression, anxiety disorders and much more. Clients seek therapy because they have a desire to be healed and emotionally be in balance.
My ideal client is someone who has a need for therapy, but may find it difficult to talk about their issues. Words may seem limited to describe what they feel inside of themselves. Child clients sometimes don't know or understand the extent of their unhappiness, or are too young to know that they are mentally and emotionally affected by circumstances. My ideal client is someone who suffers from trauma and early childhood wounding, or presents an array of other clinical presentations, including depression, anxiety disorders and much more. Clients seek therapy because they have a desire to be healed and emotionally be in balance.
087 250 2464 x27 View 087 250 2464 x27
Photo of Corlia Erwee - Aquila Counseling Services, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Aquila Counseling Services
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Serves Area
I am mostly a systems theorist. I believe if we can heal the system that impact you (past, present, family, health, spirituality, trauma, relationships) you will be able to move at your own healthy pace toward strength and victory. I work attachment-based as I believe our family or origin is the classroom where we were taught how to do life and relationships.
I am mostly a systems theorist. I believe if we can heal the system that impact you (past, present, family, health, spirituality, trauma, relationships) you will be able to move at your own healthy pace toward strength and victory. I work attachment-based as I believe our family or origin is the classroom where we were taught how to do life and relationships.
083 731 3300 View 083 731 3300
Photo of Martha Tladi, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Martha Tladi
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an experienced Psychologist working from both a Western and African perspective. I work from a CBT, Psychodynamic & Narrative Model. These are used interchangeably depending on the treatment & specific client needs. I work with a wide range of presenting problems such as Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, Social and Adjustment Disorders, Bereavement & Suicide, Managing emotions such as anger, relationship dynamics & a variety of psychosocial stressors. This includes working through effective communication skills and effectively managing difficult emotions.
I am an experienced Psychologist working from both a Western and African perspective. I work from a CBT, Psychodynamic & Narrative Model. These are used interchangeably depending on the treatment & specific client needs. I work with a wide range of presenting problems such as Anxiety Disorders, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, Social and Adjustment Disorders, Bereavement & Suicide, Managing emotions such as anger, relationship dynamics & a variety of psychosocial stressors. This includes working through effective communication skills and effectively managing difficult emotions.
087 250 0719 x44 View 087 250 0719 x44
Photo of Estea Fourie, General Counsellor, MSc
Estea Fourie
General Counsellor, MSc
Serves Area
I consult with individuals and families, focusing on adolescents and their world. My clients mostly seek insight and solutions to personal or life challenges, including anxiety and stress.
I consult with individuals and families, focusing on adolescents and their world. My clients mostly seek insight and solutions to personal or life challenges, including anxiety and stress.
087 250 0536 x42 View 087 250 0536 x42

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Psychologists and Therapists in Parklands

30+

Average cost per session

R700

Psychologists and Therapists in Parklands who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
88% Stress
79% Grief
79% Self Esteem
70% Depression
67% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Discovery Health
94% Bonitas
88% Momentum

How Psychologists and Therapists in Parklands see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

91% Female
9% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Parklands?

Search for nearby psychologists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Psychologists listed in the directory are registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). The majority of General Counsellors featured in the directory align themselves with reputable professional bodies, particularly the Association for Supportive Counsellors and Holistic Practitioners. All Registered Counsellors listed must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Social Workers listed in the directory must be registered with the South African Council for Social Service Professionals.

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for general counsellors in South Africa, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Psychologists, counsellors and social workers can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and supervised, practical experience that enable them to do so in South Africa.

Psychologists have five years training in psychology, have completed an internship over 12 months, and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. They must be registered with Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). Registered Counsellors must have at least four years of study at a university or college, such as the Bachelor of Psychology and have completed the National Examination of the Professional Board for Psychology. General counsellors, such as Supportive Counsellors, Holistic Counsellors, and Wellness Counsellors, registered with the ASCHP must possess at least an NQF Level 4 qualification. Social Workers must possess a Bachelor of Social Work and must have completed an approved internship in the social service sector.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, the cost of a therapy session in South Africa could be between R600 and R1,500. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are registered with the HPCSA and professional organisations such as PsySSA or the ASCHP are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there is the potential or known harm to the client, or as required by law, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.