Christian Psychologists and Therapists in Constantia

Photo of Maresa van der Walt, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Maresa van der Walt
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
You may be struggling with personal, relational or life difficulties and want to work towards bringing about change. If you struggle with adjustment difficulties, anxiety, depression, existential difficulties, grief, mood disorder, relationship difficulties, trauma or other difficulties, you are welcome to contact me. I have experience with addiction disorders and can be supportive during the recovery phase.
You may be struggling with personal, relational or life difficulties and want to work towards bringing about change. If you struggle with adjustment difficulties, anxiety, depression, existential difficulties, grief, mood disorder, relationship difficulties, trauma or other difficulties, you are welcome to contact me. I have experience with addiction disorders and can be supportive during the recovery phase.
087 250 0782 x45 View 087 250 0782 x45
Photo of Karen Iris Rowland, General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Karen Iris Rowland
General Counsellor, ASCHP Wellness Counsellor
Serves Area
As a general counsellor, my goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without fear of judgment. I understand that seeking help takes courage, and I honour that bravery by listening with empathy, responding with care, and working collaboratively with you to find practical ways forward. Whether you're facing anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions, or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to help you navigate it.
As a general counsellor, my goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without fear of judgment. I understand that seeking help takes courage, and I honour that bravery by listening with empathy, responding with care, and working collaboratively with you to find practical ways forward. Whether you're facing anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions, or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to help you navigate it.
087 250 0902 x51 View 087 250 0902 x51
Photo of Kerry Acheson, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Kerry Acheson
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be looking for support to alleviate pain (such as anxiety, depression, trauma, loss or stressful life circumstances). Perhaps, like me, you are an HSP (highly sensitive person) and are needing help designing a sustainable life. You’re ready to invest in your personal growth, working towards improving your sense of well-being and fulfilment in your self, your relationships and your life. I enjoy a diverse practice however I have a special interest in supporting women through all aspects of matrescence (including contemplating parenthood, infertility, IVF, pregnancy, and navigating life as a biological, adoptive or step mom).
You may be looking for support to alleviate pain (such as anxiety, depression, trauma, loss or stressful life circumstances). Perhaps, like me, you are an HSP (highly sensitive person) and are needing help designing a sustainable life. You’re ready to invest in your personal growth, working towards improving your sense of well-being and fulfilment in your self, your relationships and your life. I enjoy a diverse practice however I have a special interest in supporting women through all aspects of matrescence (including contemplating parenthood, infertility, IVF, pregnancy, and navigating life as a biological, adoptive or step mom).
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Photo of Mandy Denoon-Stevens, Registered Counsellor
Mandy Denoon-Stevens
Registered Counsellor
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
With over 30 years of counselling experience, I support adults who are feeling overwhelmed by depression, ongoing stress, grief, or life transitions. If life feels heavy or you’re unsure where to turn, you are not alone — and support is available. I offer a warm, confidential space where you can slow down, talk openly, and feel truly heard. Together, we explore what is weighing you down, helping you reconnect with your inner strength, gain clarity, and find a way forward that feels manageable and hopeful. My approach is calm, compassionate, and grounded in experience. I work at your pace, honouring your story and your needs.
With over 30 years of counselling experience, I support adults who are feeling overwhelmed by depression, ongoing stress, grief, or life transitions. If life feels heavy or you’re unsure where to turn, you are not alone — and support is available. I offer a warm, confidential space where you can slow down, talk openly, and feel truly heard. Together, we explore what is weighing you down, helping you reconnect with your inner strength, gain clarity, and find a way forward that feels manageable and hopeful. My approach is calm, compassionate, and grounded in experience. I work at your pace, honouring your story and your needs.
087 250 0616 x91 View 087 250 0616 x91
Photo of Dr. Mariska Pienaar, Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Dr. Mariska Pienaar
Psychologist, PhD, HPCSA - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
I see therapy as a genuine human encounter—one that goes beyond roles or techniques. I aim to be fully present in the room, bringing my whole self into the work, rather than performing as a distant expert. In my view, the most meaningful therapeutic work happens when both of us are able to show up as real people. Within that kind of relationship, deeper understanding, emotional clarity, and lasting change can begin to emerge. My approach is insight-oriented, helping you to understand not only what you are feeling, but why—tracing patterns, meanings, and experiences that may sit just beneath the surface.
I see therapy as a genuine human encounter—one that goes beyond roles or techniques. I aim to be fully present in the room, bringing my whole self into the work, rather than performing as a distant expert. In my view, the most meaningful therapeutic work happens when both of us are able to show up as real people. Within that kind of relationship, deeper understanding, emotional clarity, and lasting change can begin to emerge. My approach is insight-oriented, helping you to understand not only what you are feeling, but why—tracing patterns, meanings, and experiences that may sit just beneath the surface.
021 674 0509 View 021 674 0509
Photo of Cathy Karassellos, Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Cathy Karassellos
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Psychotherapy regarding depression, anxiety, bereavement, trauma and other life crises. Professional supervision for Psychologists and Counsellors. Focus areas include insight into therapeutic alliance; Case management; Ethics in Clinical Practice; and Support and Burnout prevention. I have over 30 yrs experience including managing programs and lecturing/supervision for UCT Dept of Psychiatry Postgraduate Diploma in Addictions Care.
Psychotherapy regarding depression, anxiety, bereavement, trauma and other life crises. Professional supervision for Psychologists and Counsellors. Focus areas include insight into therapeutic alliance; Case management; Ethics in Clinical Practice; and Support and Burnout prevention. I have over 30 yrs experience including managing programs and lecturing/supervision for UCT Dept of Psychiatry Postgraduate Diploma in Addictions Care.
087 250 0536 x25 View 087 250 0536 x25
Photo of Michael Raven, MSc
Michael Raven
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I work with a wide variety of clients that may benefit from a creative and accessible approach to therapy. Those wanting to access a life of vitality, focus and creative flow (how ever challenging that may seem), seeking new ways of understanding and expressing themselves, may benefit especially.
I work with a wide variety of clients that may benefit from a creative and accessible approach to therapy. Those wanting to access a life of vitality, focus and creative flow (how ever challenging that may seem), seeking new ways of understanding and expressing themselves, may benefit especially.
087 250 2148 x37 View 087 250 2148 x37
Photo of Gideon Williams - Start to Stop today, General Counsellor
Start to Stop today
General Counsellor
Serves Area
I have a passion for working with clients, providing them with tools to navigate the challenges and pitfalls of early recovery. Support is also provided to families to deal with the impact of addiction and learning how to support their love one's in recovery.
I have a passion for working with clients, providing them with tools to navigate the challenges and pitfalls of early recovery. Support is also provided to families to deal with the impact of addiction and learning how to support their love one's in recovery.
087 250 0513 x45 View 087 250 0513 x45
Photo of Gillian Lyn Stephen, Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
Gillian Lyn Stephen
Registered Counsellor, HPCSA - Counsellor
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have a genuine passion for people and a deep belief in the power of connection and healing. This forms the foundation of my work as a Registered Counsellor. I offer a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can explore life’s challenges, transitions, and emotional experiences. My focus is on creating a compassionate and professional environment where you feel truly heard, understood, and empowered to grow. Whether you're navigating emotional difficulties, adjusting to life changes, or seeking clarity, I’m here to support you every step of the way.
I have a genuine passion for people and a deep belief in the power of connection and healing. This forms the foundation of my work as a Registered Counsellor. I offer a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space where you can explore life’s challenges, transitions, and emotional experiences. My focus is on creating a compassionate and professional environment where you feel truly heard, understood, and empowered to grow. Whether you're navigating emotional difficulties, adjusting to life changes, or seeking clarity, I’m here to support you every step of the way.
087 250 3069 x86 View 087 250 3069 x86
Photo of Madeleine Swart - Zehira-Kedesh Trauma and Addiction Counselling, General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Zehira-Kedesh Trauma and Addiction Counselling
General Counsellor, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Serves Area
It provides general and pastoral ( Christian) counselling to the public.
Specialises in Trauma Counseling & Debriefings, Marriage Counseling, Sex & Pornography Addiction, Domestic Violence Advocacy & Sexual Assault Counselling. Assists people in understanding & navigating sex addiction and problematic or compulsive sexual behaviors. Supports people in finding healing after the devastating trauma of the betrayal trauma.
It provides general and pastoral ( Christian) counselling to the public.
Specialises in Trauma Counseling & Debriefings, Marriage Counseling, Sex & Pornography Addiction, Domestic Violence Advocacy & Sexual Assault Counselling. Assists people in understanding & navigating sex addiction and problematic or compulsive sexual behaviors. Supports people in finding healing after the devastating trauma of the betrayal trauma.
087 250 0719 x15 View 087 250 0719 x15

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Suzanne Marais, Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Suzanne Marais
Psychologist, MA, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Strand 7140
I am a clinical psychologist in Strand/Somerset West area. I have 30 years experience in the area of psychotherapy. I work mainly with adults and I have a special interest in the elderly and the changes that people experience throughout the different phases of their life. I offer a safe and confidential environment for my clients to enable them to explore problem areas of their life and grow as a person. I work from a CBT perspective, which is an evidence based therapeutic approach. It focuses on the interaction between your thoughts, emotions and actions. I also incorporate solution-focused therapy.
I am a clinical psychologist in Strand/Somerset West area. I have 30 years experience in the area of psychotherapy. I work mainly with adults and I have a special interest in the elderly and the changes that people experience throughout the different phases of their life. I offer a safe and confidential environment for my clients to enable them to explore problem areas of their life and grow as a person. I work from a CBT perspective, which is an evidence based therapeutic approach. It focuses on the interaction between your thoughts, emotions and actions. I also incorporate solution-focused therapy.
087 250 2148 x16 View 087 250 2148 x16
Photo of Wilma Beukes (Cloete), Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
Wilma Beukes (Cloete)
Psychologist, MPsych, HPCSA - Clin. Psych.
What I offer therapeutically includes: Trauma work, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Mindfulness, Psychotherapy from a Christian Perspective, and personal growth work.
The wound is the place where the light enters you. - Rumi. Through dealing with my own wounds, I have realized that psychology gives me perspective. I do not take for granted, the priviledge of being part of a very personal process with my clients. I hope to create conditions in which my clients can empower themselves. During 2021 I had my radio, online, and TV debut. Mental health awareness and health promotion is very important to me. Psychology is not only what I do, it forms a profound part of who I am.
What I offer therapeutically includes: Trauma work, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Mindfulness, Psychotherapy from a Christian Perspective, and personal growth work.
The wound is the place where the light enters you. - Rumi. Through dealing with my own wounds, I have realized that psychology gives me perspective. I do not take for granted, the priviledge of being part of a very personal process with my clients. I hope to create conditions in which my clients can empower themselves. During 2021 I had my radio, online, and TV debut. Mental health awareness and health promotion is very important to me. Psychology is not only what I do, it forms a profound part of who I am.
087 250 0914 x40 View 087 250 0914 x40
Photo of Ruan Swanepoel - Ruan Swanepoel | Me Therapy, General Counsellor
Ruan Swanepoel | Me Therapy
General Counsellor
Online Only
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to balance personal growth, relationships, career decisions, and emotional wellbeing. Many of my clients are professionals, leaders, and everyday people who are doing their best but feel stuck, uncertain, or disconnected from what truly matters. I help you pause, reflect, and reset without pressure or judgment. Whether you're navigating career transitions, burnout, relationship challenges, or self-doubt, our work together is about clarity, emotional resilience, and realistic next steps. This isn’t about fixing you. You’re not broken. It’s about creating space for you to be yourself.
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re trying to balance personal growth, relationships, career decisions, and emotional wellbeing. Many of my clients are professionals, leaders, and everyday people who are doing their best but feel stuck, uncertain, or disconnected from what truly matters. I help you pause, reflect, and reset without pressure or judgment. Whether you're navigating career transitions, burnout, relationship challenges, or self-doubt, our work together is about clarity, emotional resilience, and realistic next steps. This isn’t about fixing you. You’re not broken. It’s about creating space for you to be yourself.
021 141 4954 View 021 141 4954
Photo of Cindy Lee Karen Visagie, PhD
Cindy Lee Karen Visagie
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
I hold advanced certifications in trauma response, clinical pastoral counseling, mental health emergencies, and crisis intervention.
No matter where you're starting, therapy with us is about creating space for what’s real and working to what's possible . Welcome, I’m Cindy-Lee Visagie, a counsellor who walks alongside children, adults, teens, and couples navigating trauma, burnout, grief, and relationship challenges. I partner with wellness-focused companies to support high-stress teams through therapy and debriefing. My integrative approach blends narrative therapy, solution-focused work, and faith-based support (if welcomed). My style is direct but warm, structured yet flexible — always attuned to your story..
I hold advanced certifications in trauma response, clinical pastoral counseling, mental health emergencies, and crisis intervention.
No matter where you're starting, therapy with us is about creating space for what’s real and working to what's possible . Welcome, I’m Cindy-Lee Visagie, a counsellor who walks alongside children, adults, teens, and couples navigating trauma, burnout, grief, and relationship challenges. I partner with wellness-focused companies to support high-stress teams through therapy and debriefing. My integrative approach blends narrative therapy, solution-focused work, and faith-based support (if welcomed). My style is direct but warm, structured yet flexible — always attuned to your story..
087 250 0914 x41 View 087 250 0914 x41
Photo of Dr. Pamela Mtshali Née Zungu, Psychiatrist, MBChB, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
Dr. Pamela Mtshali Née Zungu
Psychiatrist, MBChB, HPCSA - Psychiatrist
Rosenpark 7550
As a Black Women Psychiatrist, I strive to create a safe and inclusive environment for all my patients, where they feel seen,heard and empowered to take control of their mental health.I grew up in a community where mental health resources were hard to find, my own mental health journey enables me to truly appreciate that effective psychiatric care requires a nuanced understanding of the social determinants of health and the historical trauma that has shaped the experiences of my patients. I am dedicated to staying up-to-date with lastest research and best practices in the field,this allows me to stay relevant and impactful.
As a Black Women Psychiatrist, I strive to create a safe and inclusive environment for all my patients, where they feel seen,heard and empowered to take control of their mental health.I grew up in a community where mental health resources were hard to find, my own mental health journey enables me to truly appreciate that effective psychiatric care requires a nuanced understanding of the social determinants of health and the historical trauma that has shaped the experiences of my patients. I am dedicated to staying up-to-date with lastest research and best practices in the field,this allows me to stay relevant and impactful.
087 250 2389 x18 View 087 250 2389 x18
Photo of Charné Matthew, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Charné Matthew
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons, ASCHP Specialist Wellness Counsellor
Mowbray 7700
I aim to create a counselling space where safety and trust allows us to explore your world. I work from a holistic view of clients, recognising that your emotional, physical, relational, and spiritual experiences are deeply interconnected. I practice mainly as a Christian counsellor, but I also offer wellness counselling with a nonjudgmental, compassionate style to individuals from all walks of life.
I aim to create a counselling space where safety and trust allows us to explore your world. I work from a holistic view of clients, recognising that your emotional, physical, relational, and spiritual experiences are deeply interconnected. I practice mainly as a Christian counsellor, but I also offer wellness counselling with a nonjudgmental, compassionate style to individuals from all walks of life.
087 250 2910 x67 View 087 250 2910 x67
Photo of Isebelle - Bella Jansen van Vuuren, Registered Counsellor
My ideal client is someone who feels misunderstood, whether they are a child struggling with learning differences, a teen navigating the complexities of adolescence, or facing emotional challenges. They may be grappling with anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, or the weight of unresolved pain from their past. Their goal is to find clarity, build resilience, and ultimately flourish in their lives. They want a safe space where they can express themselves without judgement and receive the guidance they need to uncover their strengths and potential. Availability most Weekends and School Holidays.
My ideal client is someone who feels misunderstood, whether they are a child struggling with learning differences, a teen navigating the complexities of adolescence, or facing emotional challenges. They may be grappling with anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship issues, or the weight of unresolved pain from their past. Their goal is to find clarity, build resilience, and ultimately flourish in their lives. They want a safe space where they can express themselves without judgement and receive the guidance they need to uncover their strengths and potential. Availability most Weekends and School Holidays.
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Photo of Jean-Marie Krause, General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
Jean-Marie Krause
General Counsellor, BSocSci Hons
1 Endorsed
I offer hypnotherapy in Cape Town and am a qualified Advanced Rapid Transformational Therapist (RTT). Trained Counsellor - B.Psych Hon and Trauma. Stuck in a constant anxious loop, bombarded with your own negative thoughts - I can't do this, I am not good enough. Self-esteem issues having you constantly apologizing to others and not taking up the space you deserve. Feelings of dread making it difficult to experience life. You want to live life feeling capable, confident, enough, adequate, worthy - this is your birth right. You haven't lost it; it's buried under negative beliefs. Transform yourself to free - you know you deserve it!
I offer hypnotherapy in Cape Town and am a qualified Advanced Rapid Transformational Therapist (RTT). Trained Counsellor - B.Psych Hon and Trauma. Stuck in a constant anxious loop, bombarded with your own negative thoughts - I can't do this, I am not good enough. Self-esteem issues having you constantly apologizing to others and not taking up the space you deserve. Feelings of dread making it difficult to experience life. You want to live life feeling capable, confident, enough, adequate, worthy - this is your birth right. You haven't lost it; it's buried under negative beliefs. Transform yourself to free - you know you deserve it!
087 250 0902 x23 View 087 250 0902 x23
Photo of Duncan Robert De Waal, General Counsellor
Duncan Robert De Waal
General Counsellor
1 Endorsed
I have over a year's worth of experience in the wellness counseling field and about two years in Christian counseling.
Life can feel overwhelming at times. You may find yourself caught in anxious thoughts, struggling with self-worth, or feeling uncertain about your relationships and where life is going. Sometimes we carry these struggles quietly and feel alone in them. I am a Wellness Counselor (ASCHP) offering a calm, supportive space where you can explore what you’re going through. My approach is gentle and person-centered, helping you better understand your thoughts, emotions, and experiences so you can move forward with greater clarity and confidence.
I have over a year's worth of experience in the wellness counseling field and about two years in Christian counseling.
Life can feel overwhelming at times. You may find yourself caught in anxious thoughts, struggling with self-worth, or feeling uncertain about your relationships and where life is going. Sometimes we carry these struggles quietly and feel alone in them. I am a Wellness Counselor (ASCHP) offering a calm, supportive space where you can explore what you’re going through. My approach is gentle and person-centered, helping you better understand your thoughts, emotions, and experiences so you can move forward with greater clarity and confidence.
087 250 0782 x65 View 087 250 0782 x65
Photo of Vuyokazi Makapela - Vee’s Healing Hub, Social Worker, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP
Vee’s Healing Hub
Social Worker, BSocSci Hons, SACSSP
Let’s work together in finding a solution to your troubles. I am here to help guide, refer, hold your hand, as you take those steps (small steps or baby steps or big steps), you are the driver I am your support system and your support driver in the passenger seat. The answer always lies within us, at times we need clarity and assurance, come let’s do swat analysis of the challenges and win
Let’s work together in finding a solution to your troubles. I am here to help guide, refer, hold your hand, as you take those steps (small steps or baby steps or big steps), you are the driver I am your support system and your support driver in the passenger seat. The answer always lies within us, at times we need clarity and assurance, come let’s do swat analysis of the challenges and win
087 250 2477 x10 View 087 250 2477 x10
FAQ - About Christian Counselling
What can a Christian therapist help with?
Many Christian counsellors incorporate faith-based principles into psychotherapy and draw guidance from biblical writings. This approach may be particularly helpful if you are experiencing concerns related to faith, prolonged grief, substance use, or questions about life’s purpose. Christian therapists may also offer marital, premarital, or family counselling. These can be helpful options if your concerns are more relational in nature, such as communication challenges in a marriage, conflict within a family, or adjustment following a major family transition, such as divorce or a move.

How does Christian faith shape the therapy experience?
Christian faith can shape the therapy experience by giving you a familiar framework for discussing meaning, purpose, forgiveness, relationships, and hope in sessions. For clients who want faith included in therapy, a Christian therapist may draw on Christian values, prayer, or spiritual reflection alongside other therapeutic approaches. In addition, while training, qualifications, and experience are always important, research has shown that a strong alliance between you and your therapist is a major contributor to therapeutic success. An alliance is likely to be strengthened with a therapist who not only is responsive to questions and concerns, but also shares a client’s faith and values. Nevertheless, an ethical Christian therapist should be clear about how they incorporate faith and should respect the level of spiritual discussion that feels right for you.

Does Christian therapy work across different denominations?
Christian therapy can be helpful for people from various different Christian traditions, including Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Pentecostal, and Anglican backgrounds. Many Christian therapists are able to support clients across denominations by focusing on shared Christian values, such as faith, prayer, forgiveness, and hope. That said, denomination can matter for some clients. A person’s identified denomination may shape how they understand relationships and life roles. If these differences are important to you, it may be helpful to ask a therapist whether they have experience working with clients from your specific denomination or faith tradition.

Can a Christian therapist help with marriage and couples counselling?
Christian faith-based therapy can take many different forms, including marriage counselling and couples counselling. Some therapists may also offer Christian pre-marital counselling. In these settings, Christian therapists may work with couples on concerns such as communication, conflict, trust, intimacy, parenting, and major life transitions. A Christian therapist may also help couples explore how shared Christian beliefs shape the relationship. They may encourage you and your partner to practise skills learned in therapy in your everyday lives, including both faith-based practises and non-faith-based tools, such as prayer or communication skills.

Can a Christian therapist help with sensitive issues like sex, trauma, or addiction?
Therapists with adequate training should be equipped to help with a number of sensitive issues, including sex, trauma, and addiction. For clients who want faith included in therapy, a Christian therapist may help explore how your spiritual beliefs relate to your challenges, healing, and recovery. A competent and ethical Christian therapist should not judge, shame, or impose a particular belief when discussing these topics, and if you feel judged, it may be time to seek another therapist.

How can a Christian therapist support family therapy?
Christian family therapy can help families address conflict, communication challenges, parenting concerns, grief, or adjustment following a major life transition. A Christian therapist may support family members in understanding one another’s perspectives, improving communication, setting healthier boundaries, and rebuilding trust. For families who want faith included in therapy, a Christian therapist may also help explore how family values related to Christianity can support healing.

How might I enquire about a therapist's experience working with Christian clients?
If religion is important to you in therapy, it can be helpful to ask a prospective therapist whether they have experience working with Christian clients. In initial conversations with potential therapists, you might ask how they incorporate Christian values into therapy or how they approach certain topics that matter to you. As sessions begin, it can be helpful to notice how the therapist responds to your concerns. A strong therapeutic alliance does not necessarily require a therapist to share your religious background, but they should respond to your concerns with respect and cultural humility. If you feel dismissed, misunderstood, or find yourself having to explain your beliefs constantly, it may be worth considering another therapist.

Who is included in Psychology Today's directory of Christian therapists?
The directory of Christian therapists includes professionals who have shared their background in their profiles and have identified as Christian. It shows therapists who indicate that they have extensive experience working with Christian clients, regardless of their own background or religious affiliation. However, not all therapists choose to disclose this information, and they may not appear in search results for this reason.